Raima. Āhuatanga, Kōwhiringa, Taupānga.

Base, papa papa, raima hanganga Pads pānuitanga, taiepa kawenga-whanau - katoa o tenei ko te turanga o whakapakaritia hanga raima.

Raima, raima whakapakaritia ko te tikanga tuatahi o te hanganga whare nukurau kotahi i roto i Russia. He āhuatanga o enei hanganga ko te huinga o here konganuku , me grout. Me pēhea te ki te whiriwhiri i te huinga e hiahiatia o tikanga i raro i nei e whakamahia ratou ranei te tahi atu rauemi ka matapaki i ahau i roto i tenei tuhinga,

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te raima, āhuatanga e tona wāhanga kounga e:

1) te kaha Concrete (tohu e te taupū tau, ko te tikanga 7.5; 10: 12.5: 20: 25: 30). faaite te reira i te pēhanga whakaaetia i runga i te raima, kaua tona kaha shock i MPa (N / m2). Hei tauira i te kōeke raima B20 uara rohe o 20 MPa kaha. Raima kaha takina e motuhake taputapu whanganga: hama Schmidt hama Kashkarova onika, me ētahi atu

2) Water ātete. I whakahuatia e te pukapuka W ki te taupū o te 2 ki te 20. faaite te reira i te pēhanga upoko wai mōrahi ia wāhi henemita tapawha o te raima, ai nga āhuatanga raima kahore e puta ke.

A, no te hoahoa hanganga whakahaere i roto i ngā taiao kino (puunaha wāhi maimoatanga, aeration, awa pana wai me ngahaú) rapu utu atu taiepa wuru taketake. e mea he e te tikanga wuru uku mastic, taea fusing mātao kirihou ranei te whakatau i tenei take. Otiia e kore e katoa e pera ohie. Silnoagressivnyh Wenerei pogubno pā te rauemi wuru, uku mastiga rewa CO2 i roto i te taiao, me te tihorea te kirihou te. Ko reira te mea he otinga. Ko te whakamahi o ongó wuru - ko te otinga pai mo taiao ha'iriiri tenei. He aha te mea te reira?! Ongó wuru te noa whātioatanga waterproofing tāpiri i roto i te raima, faarahi tona vodonepronizaemost i te iti rawa 1 ira (10-15%). Tioata tāpiritanga i roto i te raima ki tonu porosity me te kătahi o te houku whakahohe pozlaschaya makuku nuinga, me te crystallizes i te kōputaputa. Ko te rama matua hydrophobes Penitron, Kristallizol. Ko te hautanga rōrahi o te taonga ki te raima 12-12.5 kg. ia m3 o raima.

3) Frost. Tohua ki te pukapuka faaite F. te reira i te maha o ngā huringa o Kangatari me te hukapapa o te raima, i muri i nei e kore e te raima ngaro ona āhuatanga hangarau.