Rapae o: hormones me mahi. Te repe, me ona mahi i roto i te tinana

Rapae o (repe ranei raro roro taupa) - ko te okana endocrine, kei nei i i te turanga o te roro. More āta, i runga i te mata raro ona, he pute i roto i te wheua, i huaina nei ko te nohoanga Turkish. Tenei rino i roto i te tangata i te rahi iti rawa ki pā ana ki te pea ko te hanganga porohita taimaha 0.5 anake c. Otiia ahakoa he taua rahi iti, te tūranga o hormones whakaputaina e te repe, he nui.

Te repe. Hormones me mahi

Tenei repe iti ko te okana tino o to tatou pūnaha endocrine katoa. Ko te hormones e hua ai, pā te mahi tinana e whai ake nei:

• uri;
• pākia;
• tupu.

Taumahi me hormones rapae o e hua reira, e tata hono. I roto i te tikanga ki te atu tino tūhura i tenei take, whakaaro ki te tīmata hanga tenei repe endocrine.

Te repe. Hanganga me te mahi o te rapae o

Kei a ia ko e toru ngā wāhanga matua: te mua, muri, me te takawaenga, e rerekē i roto i to ratou take, me te hanganga. haamata te repe ki te hanga i roto i te ira i 4-5 wiki o te whanaketanga fetal. taupa Anterior o tona mata epithelial i hanga i te taiepa muri o te kōhao-waha, te pera-ka karanga putea o Rathke, rite te tereraa mau iti elongated. I roto i te whanaketanga embryonic, tupu te reira i roto i te ahunga o te diencephalon.

i hanga paku muri mai Posterior taupa atu te mua o te diencephalon kiko io, te wahi enei wahi, a piri. Tonu i muri i hanga, me te rapae o takawaenga. Kei a ia ko te kahu angiangi o ngā pūtau. E toru katoa rapae o tino motuhake repe secretory, me ia o ratou hua ona ake hormones. Te repe (hormones me mahi) e he wahi nui i roto i te tangata pūnaha endocrine katoa.

Prehypophysis

huaina ana tēnei hautau ko te adenohypophysis me te nuinga o te repeure (70%). Kei a ia ko ngā momo o ngā pūtau repe endocrine. Ia momo o te pūtau e hua tona wahi o te taiki. huaina ēnei pūtau endocrine adenocytes. E rua ngā momo o adenocytes: chromophilic me chromophobe, te hunga me ētahi atu hormones e synthesized:

• Thyroid taiki whakaongaonga (TSH) - kawenga mo te mahi secretory o te repe thyroid.
• Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - whakaongaonga te uho adrenal.
• hormones Gonadotropic, e ngā ruahuru whakaongaonga me hormones luteinizing (FSH, LH), te kawenga mō te mahi whakaputa uri.
• Growth taiki (GH) - kawenga mō te tupu, whakaongaonga reira whāwehe o ngako, te kōtuitanga pūmua i roto i te pūtau, me te hanganga o te kūhuka.
• taiaki Luteotrophic ranei prolactin, e regulates te tiaki a Hona mo nga tukanga uri, hohipera, pākia me te tupu.

hormones rapae o - to ratou tūranga whaiaroaro i roto i te tinana tangata, ko te nui.

somatotropin

taiki (ranei HGH) whakaputaina te e kore e maka tūturu tupu te reira anake 3-4 wā i te ra. Ko tōna piki secretion mārika i roto i te moe, me te kohakoha tinana taimaha, me te i roto i te nohopuku. tonu te whanaketanga o tenei taiaki te puta noa te ora o te tangata, engari kei te nui heke ki te tau. I raro i te mana o te taiki i roto i te pūtau piri ngako me te warowaihā. Ka rite ki te hua, i raro i te mana o somatomedins whakaputaina i roto i te ate, nui haere wehenga pūtau me te kōtuitanga pūmua, puta te kupu tupu wheua.

Ki te he iti te kōtuitui o taiki, mo mea katoa take,, whakawhanake reira dwarfism. Ai e rongoa nga hanganga katoa tinana, te tinana, te tikanga noa. Ko te kupu, ko te kore o te repe tika pānga te tiketike o te takitahi.

secretion nui o taiki ai gigantism. Ki te puta hypersecretion i tamarikitanga, kua rongoa hanganga katoa o te tinana, a i roto i te paariraa whakarei production faatupu te reira acromegaly. puta te reira i waewae taikaha roa, te whakanui ake i te ihu me te kauwae, me te te reo me okana kūnatu katoa.

Thyroid whakaongaonga taiki (TSH)

Tenei taiaki regulates te mahi o te repe thyroid. I raro i tona mana i reira he secretion o triiodothyronine me thyroxine. whakahohetia te reira i te adenylate cyclase paru, e pä te hāpainga o te konutawa te pūtau thyroid. pākia pūmua I tua atu, i raro i te mahi o te TSH whakamana te: nui haere production o te waikawa karihi, me te kōtuitanga pūmua, tupu whakarei me te nui haere te rahi o ngā pūtau thyroid.

Synthesis TTG taea ki te tupu i raro i te mana o matao. faarahi te tauhohenga matao te hanga o hormones thyroid, arata'i te reira ki te hanganga nui o te wera tinana. Ka taea e Glucocorticoids tautāwhi i hanga o TSH, te mea ano e tupu i raro i te mana o te rehunga, mamae tauhohe whara ranei.

whakakitea secretion nui o TSH te haumanu tohu o hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).

ira Adenokortikotropny

synthesized ACTH te taurite te noho puta te ra. Ko te kukū teitei i roto i te ata i 6.00 ki te 8.00 haora, te iti - i roto i te ahiahi i 18.00 ki te 23,00. ACTH regulates te kōtuitui o corticosteroids, e kua tukua e pūtau o uho adrenal. faarahi te secretion o corticosteroids i roto i āhua kaha aronganui pērā i wehi, te riri, te ahotea ma'i. Ko te kupu, ACTH tika pānga te tangata toenga aronganui. Waihoki whakarei ACTH kōtuitanga e tauhohe kaha o, ahotea tinana nui makariri, me te mamae. whakaongaonga hoki e suka ACTH production.

secretion nui o tenei taiaki pea he adenoma rapae o, ka karanga te mate ko rapae o o Cushing. Ko tōna faaiteraa e: takawhita, te mōmona, me piki ngako tinana i runga i te tinana me te mata, a ka he noa nga wahi, te whakanui ake i te kukū o te huka i roto i te toto, heke korero ārai.

production iti o te ACTH arata'i ki te hekenga i roto i te ariā o glucocorticoids me tenei, i roto i tahuri, kua whakahuatia pākia a heke manawanui takahi kaiao ki awe taiao.

gonadotrophin

kaitirotiro i ratou i te mahi o nga gonads o e rua wahine me te tangata. Na, follikulotropin wahine whakaongaonga te hanganga o follicles i te ovaries. Ko te hawhe toa o te mana ngaro i runga i te whanaketanga repeure me te spermatogenesis (hanganga o te parāoa).

Lyuteoptropin regulates te hanga o androgens - hormones tane (testosterone, androstenedione, a pera atu.) A estrogen - (. Estriol, estradiol, me ētahi atu) hormones wahine.

Ko te kupu, e whai wāhi te repe, me ona hormones i te mahi o te tata katoa whekau.

Posterior taupa o te repe

huaina Posterior taupa o te neurohypophysis rapae o te, kua tito reira o ngā pūtau epidermal, ka karanga pūtau rapae o. Neurohypophysis, me te te rapae o mārōrō, hua hormones. Hormones o te rapae o posterior:

• oxytocin;
• vasopressin;
• asparototsin;
• vasotocin;
• glumitotsin;
• valitotsin;
• izototsin;
• mezototsin.

enei hormones katoa te mahi o ratou mahi motuhake i roto i te tinana tangata. Kia kōrero a pā ana ki etahi o ratou motuhake.

oxytocin

Hei tauira, ka pā te oxytocin taiaki nga uaua uterine i roto i whanau. I runga i te mata o kiriuhi pūtau he receptors motuhake tairongo ki oxytocin. I roto i te hapū, e kore e tenei taiaki ake i ki te taumata e taea meinga contractions uterine. Just i mua whanau ratou i raro i te mana o te estrogen taiaki wahine faarahi te tūtohutanga ki te oxytocin me te whanau puta. Reira arata'i hoki ki te whakaiti i roto i te pūtau myoepithelial e raina te repe mammary e whakaihiihi ana te hanga o te waiu.

E matau ruarua te pānga o te oxytocin i runga i te tinana tane. Kei te whakapono te reira e te mea e taea ki te whakaawe i te mahi o te taiepa intestinal, repe taiaki me te tōngāmimi ia.

Vasopressin (ADH)

Vasopressin (i huaina ano hoki taiaki antidiuretic - ADH) mahi e rua ngā mahi i roto i te tinana. He mahi antidiuretic, i.e. faarahi ho'ii reabsorption wai i roto i te aerodynamics kohikohi o nga whatukuhu, me te, i roto i te tua, pānga reira te arteriolar musculature maeneene (oko toto pai whakawhānui i te pera), i.e. He mea e taea ki te whakawhāiti ratou lumen. E kore e te kukū whaiaroaro o tenei mahi meinga he pānga nui i runga i te rauropi me, i roto i pota pharmacological ka whakahaere ADH puka āhua-parakore arterioles tino whāiti, e ai he hua i roto i te pēhanga.

Ko te kupu, hormones rapae o posterior ina e taea ki te meinga iti whanaketanga o te mate huka insipidus (mahi antidiuretic) i roto i nei kia ngaro ai i te ra ki te 15 rita o wai (mimi putanga tahi) ratou. Me tonu kia whakakiia tenei mate. Iwi ki te mate huka insipidus e ite matewai tamau.

Ko te taupa takawaenga o te rapae o

hoki hua hea wā he maha o hormones, hei tauira, ngā enei taiaki melanostimuliruyuschy, i te kawenga mō te kiri, me te tae makawe. I raro i tona mana i hanga te melanin ngarahu, e whai wāhi nui i roto i te tuakiri iwi o te iwi.

Te tikanga o hormones rapae o

Rapae o (hormones me ona mahi whakaahuatia ana i runga) mahi tahi ki te hypothalamus (Tari o diencephalon), atu ïa, ona karihi neurosecretory. Fakataha hanga e ratou i te pūnaha hypothalamo-rapae o. whakahaere te reira i te mahi o nga repe endocrine piringa katoa. Tūkinotanga o rapae o mahi (disorders hormonal) arata'i ki nunu'a mamafa. whai wāhi ēnei raruraru tafe'anga.

He tino nui te repe, me ona mahi i roto i te tinana. whakatau ratou te mahi tika o whēkau me ngā pūnaha katoa.

Diseases me Pathology

A, no te tupu raruraru i roto i te taua repe endocrine iti ko te taiaki rapae o me kore e mahi ona mahi tika, me te i roto i te tinana tangata e taea te whakawhanake mate nui:

• acromegaly;
• gigantism;
• mate huka insipidus;
• rapae o hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism ranei;
• hypogonadism rapae o;
• hyperprolactinemia;
• dwarfism rapae o;
• mate o Cushing;
• syndrome o Sheehan.

Ka taea e taua mate puta ki te kore te synthesized te repe he taiaki, ranei he torutoru, ranei, i runga i te anga ke, rere maha rawa o ratou te toto. He nui Taumahi me rapae o hormones mo te tinana. Ka taea e ratou takahi meinga he momo o pathologies e rapua e te huarahi nui, me te maha rapu taiaki therapy.