Rarau taonga matū mōrearea. Whakarōpū me te matū āhuatanga o ngā matū mōrearea

E rave rahi o tatou i roto i tona ora fehangahangai ki matū mōrearea, me te kikino, me etahi o ratou kia kua mate e tika ana ki kohu e heke i ratou. kia tika ki te pau o te mahi i te tahi mau tipu tenei. Otiia i roto i te tikanga ki te tiaki ia ratou me o ratou mea aroha i te ati, e hiahia ana koe ki te mohio rite te mea te tikanga matū mōrearea i te wāhi matū o te tirohanga, me pehea ki te tiaki ano i a ratou.

APB: he aha te mea te reira?

Rarau taonga matū mōrearea (APB) - he pūhui matū mōrearea, i whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi ahuwhenua ranei, ka tukua ki te rangi oneone ranei paru kia puta, a ka rite ki te hua, haamata te reira ki te pā i te mana kino i runga i nga kaiao ora katoa.

OHV - he pūhui e taea, te whakarato i te pānga tika autaki ranei i runga i te tinana, ki te mata paorooro ranei ara te mate.

I teie mahana, te whakaputa katoa i runga i te ao matū mōrearea i roto i ngā rahinga nui, i roto i te rohe o te Russian Federation, e maha fehangahangai te faaora ki te pūhui tino noa. Ka taea e APB kia i roto i āhua rerekē o te whakawhāititanga.

ngā āhuatanga APB

matū mōrearea i te maha o ngā āhuatanga taketake: kiato, te tāoke, memehatanga, pähekeheke, pokey, āhuatanga matū me te pāmahana e koropupu ana.

Kiato - Ko te taimaha o te taonga ia rōrahi wae. Tenei auau he pānga tika i runga i te tohatoha o ngā matū paitini i roto i te huru, me i te whenua. A, no te Ko te matū i roto i te puka o te hau kohu ranei, ka he taimaha ake i te hau ratou, te kukū i te mata, ko te i te mōrahi me te heke ki te teitei. matū wai, e whai he kiato ki runga ake i taua o te wai i muri i taka ki te harotoroto kei i runga i te raro.

Memehatanga - Ko tetahi āhuatanga o matū paitini, e pā ana te reira ki te kaha ki te hanga i ki te tahi atu wāhanga o te rongoā. He ngāwari wairewa i roto i te wai wāhanga paitini, e taea ki te whakapoke i te wai kia nui e ka waiho ratou e tika ana mō te whakamahi i roto i te tangata, me te kararehe e kore e anake, engari ano hoki mō ngā take ahumahi ratou. Ano e taea taua matū whakapoke me te oneone, me i he hohonu makona nui.

E whakarato ana tēnei i te kaha o ngā matū mōrearea me ratou tohatoha tere ki nga whekau katoa o te tinana tangata. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakakore wāhanga kino katoa i Faarii, he mea e tika ana ki te whakamahi i āpiha rongoā degassing, a ki te whakakore i te pūhui painga wairewa i roto o te wai, kia whakamahia disinfectants motuhake.

Pähekeheke - te kaha o te taonga ki te tika ki te āhua kohu. matū paitini tino ahua i tiketike pāmahana i te kaha ki Degas fakanatula. Ko pähekeheke Ko tika ti'aturi i runga i te ahua o te pāmahana e koropupu ana i te pēhanga kōhauhau, me kohu kukū.

Pokey - he taonga rauemi i roto i te puka wai ki te whakarato i ātete ki te kaupapa o tetahi wahi whanaunga ki te tahi atu inu. I tua atu, i runga i tenei tawhā tei runga i te taonga i roto i ngā rauemi absorbency ki te hanganga maiengi.

whakarōpū o HOV

Whakarōpū o matū matū mōrearea - ko tetahi o te taime tino nui e tika ana ki nei i roto i te heke mai ka taea e koe te huru hohoro, ka āwhina i te tangata e ko i te wāhi kua pā. matū mōrearea Ka taea te wehea te reira ki ngā akomanga wha rite ki te tohu o te rongo tangata:

• tino mōrearea;
• mōrearea;
• tika mōrearea;
• mōrearea iti.

Ko e heterogeneous mo ona huru maitatai e pā o matū mōrearea katoa. Ka rite ki te pānga a Tūrongo, matua whakamahi maha syndrome tohumate preemptive e puta ka tāoke whakapeka o te tinana tangata. I muri i tenei ohotata matū kia pā taonga mōrearea ki tetahi o enei rōpū:

• asphyxiant (māota, phosgene, me ētahi atu);
• obscheyadovitye (haukino) ;
• asphyxiant me obscheyadovitye (waikura o te hauota, waikawa hauota, hauwai pūkōwhai, he whanariki hāorarua);
• ta'ota'o me neurotropic (haukini);
• paihana e pa i te tukanga pūkoro i roto i te tinana (ethylene waikura).

āhuatanga

Āhuatanga o matū paitini takoto e ngā āhuatanga ōkiko taua rōpū:

• taonga i roto i te puka korakora totoka, te volatiles e e kua i te pāmahana o te wha tekau nga nekehanga whakaeto (Granosan, merkuran);
• taonga i roto i te puka korakora totoka, te kore-ahua, e kia penapena ai i raro i tetahi tikanga (sublimate ha'iriiri, ūkuikui, te ateneke);
• volatiles i roto i te puka wai, he taea anake rokiroki i raro i te pēhanga - kua wehea tenei kāwai o matū mōrearea ki e rua subgroups: A - haukini, waro waikura, me B - chloro, methyl pūkeha me te rite;
• volatiles i roto i te puka wai, te wāhi rokiroki i roto i ngā motuhake kahore pēhanga; ngā nitro me pūhui amino, hauwai cyanide, nikotīni;
• waikawa i paruyut, tae atu pūhaumāota, hauota, me ētahi atu.

Hea ki te rokiroki me te aha matū mōrearea?

Ki te kore puta paheke tumu o matū matū mōrearea, he mea e tika ana ki te mau tino whakatūpatotanga haumaru ina mahi ki a ratou, ka kia mohio ki te rokiroki ratou anake i roto i ipu motuhake me ruma.

E kitea matū paitini i roto i te nui i roto i hinonga e hua ratou ranei pau. I roto i ngā tipu matū taea te whakamahi ratou rite pūtake, takawaenga, taha kai whakamutunga ranei. Stocks e whakanohoia ratou i roto i te rokiroki motuhake (ki runga, ki te 80%), kia waiho ratou i roto i te taputapu, waka, pērā i pipelines, tāke, me ētahi atu. E whakaaro ana te nuinga noa paitini matū liquefied haukini me te māota. I roto i te tahi mau hinonga, puritia pinepine o taranata o matū mōrearea, me te maha atu e kawea e tereina paipa ranei.

Ka taea te wehea matū mōrearea katoa i te tukanga o te parariraa ki:

• kore-pūkākā;
• nonflammable;
• kia anake huluhulu ka te kai tamau o te tukanga;
• pūkākā;
• tahu noa i muri tango o te puna o te pātīmata.

Na roto i te pau matū ngā matū e tū he riri nui anake i roto i ngā āhuatanga i reira i te ati.

momo o matū paitini

Ki te rā, e kore i whakawhanakehia te rārangi o matū paitini, me te, engari i reira he he rārangi iti o matū, e maha i whakamahia i roto i ngā pakihi, me te ki te kahore koutou e pupuri i ratou i roto i nga tikanga tika, ka taea e tupu te reira i aituā matū. I teie mahana, ko reira taea ki te tohatoha 9 matū taketake e te hunga tino mōrearea mō te hauora me te taiao o te tangata, i roto ia ratou tino - māota, haukini, hauwai sulfide, waro disulfide, hauwai pūkōwhai.

pānga APB i te tangata

Ka taea e matū aituā arahi ki te tuku o ngā matū mōrearea me te paitini mō te tangata i roto i te rangi, me te i roto i te wai. kia whai pānga rerekē wāhanga mōrearea katoa i runga i te tinana tangata, me te whai pānga rerekē:

• pānga tumu. I muri i whakapā ki ponana kiri kia kitea me whero, ki taua matū ngā ūkuikui, māota, köwhai, waikura hauwai.
• Cauterizing pānga. Rarau matū matū mōrearea (APB) ka tomo te reira i te pūnaha romahā me te taea te kiri meinga ngiha o rerekē tohu o whīwhiwhi. I roto i taua matū - haukini me te waikawa pūmāota.
• Ko te pānga o te rāoa. Ki te ki te rangi kia he kukū nui o enei matū, te hua o to ratou pānga kia meinga asphyxia, e atu ahu ki te mate o taua matū ngā phosgene me chloropicrin.
• pānga paitini-matū. Taua matū taea mana kino i runga i te tinana tangata ai poisoning nui i roto i taua matū: hauwai te ateneke, hauwai sulfide, ethylene waikura, hauwai cyanide.
• pānga whakapōauau. āta, matū o tenei momo, tomo te tinana tangata timata ki te whakangaro i te reira, ki te whakarere ritenga riro o ratou ake iwi e kore e taea e, a ki te kahore koe e tango i tetahi mahi, ka te mutunga kia hua ai i roto i te kore.

Me pēhea te ki te whakatau i te aituā ki te tuku o ngā matū paitini i runga i to ratou ake, a ka meinga e ahau tenei taea?

Tohu o contamination matū

Te whakatau takitahi te tuku o ngā matū e taea me te tangata ia ia. He he maha o ngā āhuatanga e hiahia ana ki te tiki ki te tango i mehua tiaki e tika ana, atu ïa:

• ahua o kapua, e āta tupu me he take te ngau ke;
• kakara e kore rawa ahuareka, tae atu meinga he mana'o o whakahēmanawatanga;
• mate o te mahara i roto i te tangata, me te ahuatanga;
• mataku whakararuraru;
• rakau tere tauaki ai me ētahi atu otaota, whakangaromanga o nga kararehe me nga manu.

ture tiaki

kia meinga katoa o nga tohu i runga ake o te aituā ki te tuku o matū paitini te tangata ki te pūrongo i te raruraru ki te kino, engari whaiaro-paruru mehua ano kore anake:

• tika ki te mea o te ru whakamahi taputapu tiaki, tae atu ki ngā kopare hau;
• haere ki raro, ki te whakaruru whakawhirinaki ranei i roto i te whare, katia nga tatau me matapihi;
• piri ki te kakahu, ki te kati i te āputa katoa i roto i te whare ki te ārai i papii o matū mōrearea;
• Kua tahuri taputapu whakawera katoa atu, no te mea i te tahi mau matū te taonga o te whaiaro whakakā-;
• Me tiaki whekau romahā tikanga katoa e, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tauera i e kua haurangi ki otinga houra.

Kamupene kino

Rarau matū matū mōrearea maha taea te kitea i roto i te tipu i reira te whakamahia ai i roto i te hanga ranei, hei kōrero, te whakaputa. Ēnei kamupene ngā:

• matū, te hinu para, matūngahinu, me ētahi atu rōpū e mahi ana i roto i te ahunga kotahi;
• hinonga i roto i te rohe, e kua tāuta pūnaha pouaka, a ka whakamahi ratou he refrigerant - haukini;
• whakaurunga maimoatanga i roto i nei whakamahia māota te.

kamupene katoa no ki te kāwai o kino, ka karanga ahanoa matū mōrearea (Joo), nei rohe kei te rongoa, tukatuka, kawea matū mōrearea ranei. I taonga matū mōrearea taua hinonga whawhati tata ki te kore tika penapena kia arahi ki te āhuatanga ohorere. Na reira, me amohia e nga kaimahi i te tikanga haumaru, me te mohio rite te mea ki te mahi i, ka pa whakarere he turuturu o te taonga mōrearea.

Tiaki i te iwi whānui i ngā matū

Matū me ngā mōrearea tū he riri nui ki te taiao e kore anake engari takitahi hoki, na i roto i tenei take, ko te mea e tika ana ki te tango i tiaki matū, e e tauturu i ki te whakakore te whakaiti ratou pānga i runga i te taupori me te tokotoko o te hinonga ranei, whakaiti i te tauine o te mau hopearaa o te aituā.

kia kawea ngā mahi katoa e pā ana ki te tiaki matū i roto i roto i mua, e kore i te wa i te mea ka he aituā. Ki te kaimahi katoa o hinonga mōrearea me noho o ngā wāhi tata kawe i ngā mahi e ka tiaki i nga pānga o ngā matū paitini:

• hanga, a muri whakamahia e ngā pūnaha e whakahaere te taiao matū i roto i ngā wāhi mōrearea;
• pūnaha whakaoho tāuta;
• Mahere pehea ki te whakakore i ngā aituā matū;
• hokona i roto i te nui, me te pupuri i roto i rongoā hihiko tonu;
• tautoko wātea whakaruru motuhake, e kore e nei ô i te matū me ngā mōrearea. kia mataara koe ratou hinaaro ia farii i te iwi i roto i te take o te aituā;
• tango i te mehua tiaki kai katoa, kai rauemi me te wai raw;
• hinaaro whakaratohia e manawapa ana ope ki te whakakore i te mau hopearaa o aituā matū.

Ki te puta ohorere te aituā, me i reira he patunga, i roto i tenei take, katoa e mahi i te hinonga mōrearea, kia taea ki te whakarato āwhina tuatahi.

āwhina Tuatahi mō te pau matū paitini

Whakarato āwhina i roto i te pāpaka o matū paitini whai hua he taea anake, ki te ki te matau kia mohiotia āhuatanga o ngā matū matū mōrearea. I kawa te whakamāramatanga tika atu i te tinana o te patunga, ka hohoro te whakautu me te whakarato āwhina tuatahi, e maha ngā i roto i te mau ana i roto i taua mehua:

• RH mutu uru ki te tinana (ki te huna kanohi miro-whāriki takai ranei, ki te haere ki tua atu i te rohe pānga);
• rite te paihana ki te kiri e taea te nekehia atu hohoro;
• taea ki te haamou i matū paitini;
• whakakore i te tohu ārahi o te whara;
• whakahaere ārai o pōauautanga me therapy tika.

mutunga

Ka rite ki ka reira mārama i te tuhinga, i reira e maha matū mōrearea i roto i te ao, me te kore e taea ki te mahi i waho a ratou, engari whakatūpato anake me te hanganga ture ki te mehua haumaru ka āwhina i ki te karo i ngā aituā. Ki te rahua tonu koe, i roto i tenei take ki te whakaora i te ora o te tangata, me te kararehe, ko te anake whakawhetai taea ki te whakautu tere, me te whakamahi o te mehua tiaki ngā katoa.