Ko te tūruhi wāhi tuatahi Dennis Tito. History rere

Dennis Tito (whanau August 8, 1940 i roto i Kuini, New York, USA) - kaipakihi American, e riro te takitahi tūmataiti tuatahi nei utu mo tona ara ki wāhi.

tāhuhu tangata

riro Tito tona Tohu Paetahi o Aeronautics me Astronautics i te University New York i te 1962 me te Kaiwhakaako o Engineering Pūtaiao i Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute i Troy, NY, i roto i te 1964. mahi ia hei kaipūkaha Aerospace i te Laboratory Jet Propulsion o te National Aeronautics me Space Whakahaere (NASA), i reira i āwhina ia ki te whakamahere me te misioni mana ki Mars, "Mariner-4" me "Mariner 9". I roto i te 1972 rihaina ia i Space i te ao o te pūtea, ka awhinatia ki kitea te haumi u American Wilshire Associates, me te waihanga i tētahi taupū "Wilshire 5000" - he mehua o te whakaritea e US mākete kararehe. Ia whakamahia tuatahi te taputapu pāngarau e whakamahia ana i roto i te hōtaka wāhi, ki te whakatau i te tūponotanga mākete pūtea.

Na e kore ranei

April 28, 2001 - te ra whanau o te rere wāhi arumoni. I tenei ra, ko te kaipakihi American te tetahi e riro te tūruhi wāhi tuatahi i roto i te aamu. utua e ia mo tana noho i runga i te ISS, me te ratou tuku ki te pāhihi i runga i te poari i te waka ātea waka Russian "Soyuz". E wha tekau nga tau i muri i riro Yuri Gagarin te tangata tuatahi i roto i te wāhi, whakakitea Tito e he taea haere wāhi ki te hanga moni, rota o te moni, rite hoatu e ia he moni a tawhio - 20 miriona USD.

hiahia ia ki te haere ki te wāhi mai te wa o te rere Yuriya Gagarina. Na ka anga Dennis ki iriti tona moe ki mooni i te timatanga o 2000. I roto i taua tau tahuri ia 60 tau, a ka ua ia e te tere whakaiti ana tūponotanga o whiwhi ki wāhi. I ko te kaipōkai matamua Dick Slayton, e tae mai i roto i te ohuraa i 1975 i te tau o 51 tau.

Tito Na ahau ka mea ki a ahau. "Ko te inaianei e kore ranei"

I roto i te Pipiri 2000, hainatia e ia he kirimana ki MirCorp, i ngā he rere runga i te "Soyuz TM-32" i runga i te teihana wāhi Russian "Mir". Heoi, i roto i Hakihea o te taua tau, i taka enei mahere, rite Russia kauwhautia e mahere reira ki te unu i i te ohuraa o te teihana hoholo ( "Mir" i tahuna i roto i te huru i roto i Maehe 2001).

Ahakoa te setback, Dennis Tito hohoro whakaae ano. hainatia e ia he kirimana ki te kamupene Space Adventures, kua nei kua he takawaenga mo te tuku o te mau taata tūmataiti i roto i te wāhi. I taua wa, ko te ISS he kaupapa āhua hou, te whakaminenga o i timata i roto i te Whiringa 1998.

Sand i roto i nga wira

whakaae te taha Russian ki te tango i te moni, a tapaea Tito ia he wahi i runga i te kaipuke "Union". Ko te tahi atu hoa i roto i te teihana, i roto i ngā NASA me nga pokapū wāhi o Canada, Europe ko Japan, e kore kua whakaturia pai. tika ka korerotia e ratou Russia e kore e tūtohu reira ki te rere ki Dennis.

NASA māngai i, i roto i te parau tumu, e kore ātete ki te aroaro o nga kiritaki aufauraa i runga i te poari i te taiwhanga āmio. Ratou kihai noa i whakapono e na whakangungu April Tito ka ranea hei, ka mai titau te mau ohipa matatini, me te nui o te teihana.

I roto i te tuku press e NASA i Maehe 19, 2001, i kī te reira e kore e te aroaro o ngā mema o kaumoana kore-ngaio whakaakona ki te mahi ki ngā pūnaha tino katoa o teihana kore e taea e whakautu me te āwhina i roto i tetahi āhuatanga ohorere e kia whakatika, a nei e rapua e te aroturuki tamau, ka kawea pikaunga nui i runga i te ope, a ka whakaiti i te taumata whānui o te haumaru o te ISS.

Ko te tūruhi wāhi tuatahi whakapono tona tau takaro hoki te tūranga. E ai ki a ia, iwi i roto i pakeke puta me patua ngakau, me whiu, me tetahi mea, engari te waka tupapaku hoki ki te whenua e kore e waiho te tino watea, me te psychologically uaua. Na reira, kua mahi NASA taea nga mea katoa ki a Tito kore i taea e rere i roto i April.

E waru marama i roto i te Star City

Otiia kihai i Tito hoatu ake. tonu ia whakangungu i Star City tata Moscow, te wahi e whakangungua astronauts ki ngā wā Yuri Gagarin. pau Tito te nuinga o reira te tau, he i roto i te whae. E ai ki a ia, kihai i mea ohie. I ia ki te noho i roto i Russia mo waru marama, kahore hoki e mohio rite e rere reira e kore ranei.

Nāwai kua utua Dennis manawanui atu. Neke atu i te nga whakahe o NASA, i tonoa e ia ki ohuraa April 28, 2001, hoko i te tangata 415th ake rere i roto i te wāhi.

E ai ki a Tito, te whakaari katoa me fifi e tuao, te atu e te ti'amâraa tautoko nga tūruhi wāhi e whai ake nei kua tae mai te taiwhanga āmio me kua na tautoko o te rere wāhi tūmataiti i roto i te whānui.

moemoea mai pono

piki te tūruhi wāhi tuatahi ki ohuraa, e pā ana ki ono nga ra i pau i runga i te poari te ISS, a ka u i roto i katatānga May 6, 2001.

Ta'na misioni i o faufaa nui, mai i faauruhia he maha o haumi i roto i te haere wāhi tūmataiti. Pea, te kamupene wahine Galactic Richarda Brensona, te Blue te Origin Dzheffa Bezosa, a tae noa SpaceX Erono Musk kore e puta i roto i tenei mahi, ki te kahore te rere Dennisa Tito i tango i te wahi. Tona tauira whakakitea e he wātea hoki takitahi i roto i te faatura o te tinana tinana, me te i roto i ngā pūtea rere wāhi.

Hoki tona wahi, Tito hari i whai wāhi i roto i te whanau o te ahumahi, ahakoa o te nama katoa i te utu o kaipakihi me tūruhi orbital i haere i muri ia ia. A hoki ia, o te akoranga, ka whakaoho tonu te haerenga i te taumata nui atu whaiaro. E ai ki te haerenga o Tito ko tona moe-tau 40-tau. ka hoatu e rere ki a ia he ongo o tini o te ora - katoa e ka meatia ki tua atu he aha e waiho hei utu atu hoki ia ia.

Dennis Tito - wāhi tāpoi

u Tito i roto i te koraha Kazakh runga i te taunga capsule "Soyuz" waka ātea, i hoki mai a ia, me te rua cosmonauts Russian ki te ISS ki whenua. Dennis, Talgat Musabayev me Yuri Baturin u ki 05:42 GMT. Astronauts onboard tākirirangi ki urunga te hinga, me te hekerangi. E toru haora i mua i te capsule "Soyuz" Kua tauwehe i te Station Space, a ka anga tona uri uira-nohopuku ki whenua.

I roto i te ataata whakamutunga o te wāhi ka mea a Tito e fakafo'ituitui rite ia te moe o tona ora, ko reira pai e taea tetahi mea e hoki a ia, a ka whakapai i te hunga katoa e tautoko tona misioni. A, no te te waka mahue te ISS, awhi Talgat Musabayev me US vavā Dzhim Voss, a ruia ringa ki Tito Voss. Na ka tere Tito me astronauts tupou ki te "Union", me te pao tūhono te capsule ki te teihana i kati. Roto te capsule, ngā ratou kai - te waka ātea kumea tona pūngao i te ISS, a whangai rorohiko whakatere. whakanohoia ratou spacesuits mōmona mo te rere hoki ki te whenua, te kaipuke takina hoki turuturu, ka tauwehe i te teihana.

kāmera Video i runga i te capsule whakakitea he tango tere o te ISS me te ahua i roto i te mara o te tirohanga o te whenua. horahia e te capsule te roto i te ao kotahi a ka whakakahoretia o te nuinga o tona taimaha, tae atu i te wae noho ki te wharepaku, me he kīhini, me te te wehenga me'angāue ki pūhiko me awhi solar. He ko te taunga anake he capsule 3.3-ton.

taunga Hard

mahara te hekerangi matua "Union" i ki te whakatuwhera i te 05:26 GMT, i mua i ka mahi i te motors wahia ki fakamolū te tauranga. I roto i te Paremete whakamutunga ki te waka o te Center Mana Mission i Korolev, kei tata Moscow, ka ui Tito Musabaeva hoatu e rua nga papa, me te wai tote ki te āwhina ora i te reira i te kikī. kihai i whakapūtā ia te mea aua rongoā.

rangatira rere Pita Klimuk e te waka e te rangi i te pae taunga tata te kainga, kei 400 km ki te tonga-hauauru o te whakapaipai o Kazakhstan Astana, pai, cloudiness iti, te hau 3-7 m / s me te pāmahana - e pā ana ki 20 ° C.

i muri i te taunga

I muri ka ū 80 kiromita ki te raki-rawhiti o Arkalyk i te koraha tokotoru Kazakh haere tuatahi hauora Taki-ake i roto i te pokapū hauora pūkoro. Mai i reira i tangohia te waka ki te rererangi o Astana mo te hui e pā ana ki te peresideni o Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. I muri i te hui press poto i 12:00 GMT i runga i te tūruhi wāhi tuatahi, a ka rere Musabaev Buchanan ki Moscow. Kei te tumanako rangatira wāhi Russian mo te taunga haumaru ki te haerenga i tautohetia Tito hohoro mutu.

Mua US toofa me vavā Dzhon Glenn huaina haerenga o Tito i runga i te tūkino waka ātea Russian o misioni rangahau taketake o te hōpara ātea. Heoi, ka mea ia kihai i faahapa ia Tito i tona hiahia ki te tiki ki te wāhi, i te mea he reira he wheako maere, engari ua tenei waka ātea hē haerenga hangaia ki te whakahaere rangahau.

wehi NASA

Ahakoa te meka i tukua rere Tito ki te otinga o te matatini wāhi maha-piriona NASA, tarekatia te haerenga nounou e ka hiahia te tahi atu i te mau melo o te whiriwhiri ki te ara i runga i te kōhauhau. I roto i te ingoa te papa i kaiwhakahaere Dzheyms Kemeron, te rangatira o "Oscar", ko wai i rapu hoki i te koki tino ki te hopu i te ao.

Te whakamoemiti ki Cameron mō te tatari manaaki a NASA i runga i te haerenga ki te ISS, te upoko o te ti'amâraa wāhi Rana Goldin whakamaharatanga tūturu Tito te aroaro o kairīpoata me Congress i te tikanga o tona huru nui, me te investor faufaa rangi i runga i Wall Street. Ko te komiti iti o te Whare o ngā Māngai, ka mea ia e meinga tenei āhuatanga kua tino taumaha mo nga tangata me nga wahine o NASA me e Mr. Tito kore he mōhio o te mau tautooraa o nga mano o te iwi i roto i te United States me Russia, mahi ana ki te whakarite i tona haumaru me e o te toenga o te kaumoana.

Risk Haumarutanga?

Ēnei amuamu whakauaua huri te takere matotoru o te ISS, rere i te teitei o 300 km, te wahi i te tūruhi wāhi tuatahi, he kaipūkaha NASA mua, whakamahia tautoko tinihangakore o tona hoa "Union", manaaki ngawari o te astronauts NASA rua e noho i roto i te "Arepa", a ko uru ki te awhi mahana o te rangatira Russian o te teihana.

Ki tonu ki te haruru o Arias me tamataraa no, me te te mātanga o te rerenga mua nga mau fenua me ngā moana, pakaru ao nonga o te kairangahau tangata Tito i anake i roto i te a'ee wawe o seasickness.

I roto i te amuiraa press, kapea e ia whakapae Goldin e fakamanamanai tona aroaro te haumaru o ngaio wāhi. Tito, nei utua ake ki $ 20 miriona mō te rere hoki a waho, nui atu i awhina te waka.

ohipa haehaa

Dennis Tito ki wāhi tohaina kai, a meatia ana he mahi tino paru, te āwhina i te tāngata me te mahue ia wa atu mo te mahi lalahi.

E āwangawanga haumaru i te take i hanga te Tito-tau 60-tau i tona ara wāhi. Yuri Baturin, cosmonaut Talgat Musabayev me Tito i tangohia ki "Arepa" te capsule fakahaofi hou. hiahiatia te taenga o hou te "Union" i nga marama e ono, rite te wahie paitini i runga i te poari nofo te waka ātea Russian, me te waikura wāhanga engine mo te wa roa. ko kaipuke Old e pā ana ki e rua wiki i mua i te mutunga o tona wā pūtāhui 200-ra.

NASA Agency, hoa mata o 16 whenua, i roto i te wahi e haere ana ki te "Arepa" he no te hokona Moscow i te wahi ki te nonprofessional.

Kahore e kore oaoa

Ko kT hōtaka wāhi Russian, e whakahaere te rārangi pāhihi mo te misioni, "te Union", kua tonu ki te whakamātau ki te moni, nui-rere, tautautefito ki homai te meka e te utu o te tīkiti e hipokina te utu rere katoa. kaimahi moni wā-roa e akina atu nga mua ki te tīmata i tō pakihi haere, whai i tētahi hōtaka wāhi o Moscow i muri i te tiango Soviet. Tetahi wahi mo tenei take, kua pai Russia ki teihana "Mir" i muri i te 15 nga tau record o tona noho i roto i te ohuraa.

utua Washington hea te raiona o o nga utu kaupapa, engari Moscow, kua kāore nei wheako o misioni wāhi wā roa-, kua hangaia, ka hanga he maha o ngā wāhanga matua. Te āhua, ko tōrangapū hihiri te pato'iraa US ki rere o Tito.