Russian kaihoahoa A. D. Zaharov: haurongo me mahi

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, nga tau o tona ora ki te hanganga o St. Petersburg whakapakoko, kua mohiotia huri noa te ao e rite ana te kaituhi o te whare Admiralty. e kore e taea te piriponotanga tona hiranga mo te hoahoanga Russian, tautuhi ia te aronga o te whanaketanga o te hoahoanga motu mo te wā roa.

tamarikitanga

AD Zakharov, kaihoahoa, i whanau August 8, 1761 i roto i te St Petersburg i te hapu o rangatira Admiralty, te tino rangatira. Tona papa - Dmitry Ivanovich Zakharov -Ki riro te utu rawa ataahua, engari i taea ki te whakaara tokorua tama, e whakaturia te whakapehapeha o te fatherland ia. Ko te tama mātāmua - Yakov Dmitrievich Zaharov - ka he academician, ahorangi o te matū me te rehe. Junior - Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov - ka he kaihoahoa tino. Mai te wawe tau kawea toku papa i runga i nga tama a te itoito, me te pākiki. āta kite ia kaha o nga tamariki, a ko ahei kia kite i to ratou mau taleni. Andreyan rite wawe rite 6 tau i tonoa e ia ki te kura i te Academy of Fine Arts. I roto i te piha haapiiraa, ia hohoro riro tetahi o nga ākonga pai. whiwhi te tamaiti i tona tohu tuatahi mō te paetae mātauranga i roto i te rua tau - te pukapuka.

Te rapu tünga

I puta ia i te kāreti, A. D. Zaharov tomo te piha hoahoanga o te Academy o Toi. kaha o te tangata taitamariki ki te āwhina ia ki te hohoro tae te ahunga whakamua i roto i te ngana, tuhia ngā kaiako tona kitenga mokowā. haapii ia ki rangatira nui: AF Kokorinov, ym Felten, IE Starova. Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov tutuki ai hua pai i roto i te mahi hoahoanga me i roto i 1782 tīrama puta i te Academy. Ona hua "14 kaitoi o te piha haapiiraa" me metara whakawhiwhia.

He ākonga anaana

I roto i nga tau o te ako kohia Andreyan Zakharov te huinga ki tonu o mētara o te Academy. Ko tētahi o nga mahi tuatahi o te kaihoahoa o te heke mai - te kaupapa "Whare" - e tango i te iti mētara hiriwa o te Academy. Ko te tohu teitei mō ngā ākonga paetahi tenei. I roto i te 1780, whakawhiwhia ana e ia he mētara hiriwa nui kē, a, i te mutunga o te whakangungu - he mētara koura mō te kaupapa "Fokzala" ( "whakangahau te kāinga") me te haerenga ki Paris ". Mo te rironga o te angitu atu i roto i te hoahoanga" I tenei wa, A. D. Zaharov mīharo e te whakaaro o te Classicism, whai ana ki te whakatinana i mau mana'o hou i roto i te rauemi.

I roto i te 1782 me hoa ākonga e toru ka haere Andreyan ki Paris. Here timata ratou ki te haere i te haapiiraa tuhi tauine-tonu. Zakharov ako i ārahi kaihoahoa French JF Chalgrin, a kei te hoki te awe e K. LeDoux kaihoahoa tino ahu whakamua o Paris, pai rahi me te kaha mo te kaupapa ohie e fascinates te ākonga i Russia. Chalgrin, kaituhi o te rongonui Arc de Triomphe i Paris, ko te māngai kānapanapa o Classicism French, hou me te kaihoahoa pai, ana whakaaro pararopi i hanga i runga i te oneone rite i roto i te Academy o ngā tirohanga A. Zakharov. I tenei wa, i hanga reira tona ariā rerehua, me te tupulaki tikanga o te kaituhi, e kua ano ki te iriti i ki tipu.

Ko te kaupae tuatahi i roto i te tikanga

I roto i te 1786 hoki A. D. Zaharov ki Russia, ki tonu i te mahere, me te tūmanako mo te heke mai. Whakaaturia atu koutou pūkenga i roto i te kaupapa i tukua e ia te Academy o Toi hanga oti pa, he mea e tika ana hoki ki te maha o nga tau i te whakahaere i te hanga, whakarerekē me te otinga o te whare, tenei mahi uncreative me te taumahatanga o he kaihoahoa rohirohi. Anake i roto i te 1790 i taea e ki te kōrero take ki te whakapai ake i te Academy o tetahi kaihoahoa ia. mahi Zakharov whakahau iti, pērā i te kura kaupapa kainga Lyubuchi. Ko te mahi nui tuatahi o te kaihoahoa puta i roto i 1791, tenei whakapaipai rahi i runga i te take o te mutunga o te rangimarie ki a Turkey. I roto i tenei kaupapa, Zakharov whakamatauria ia rite te mātanga nui-te piha haapiiraa e kore anake, engari kia rite ki te konohi. I roto i tona mahi tino e ia te whakaaro o te nui o Russia me ratou whakapehapeha i roto i te feat o Suvorov i te hopu o Ihimaera.

mahi mātauranga

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, tona haurongo āta hono ki St. Petersburg, tonu i runga i tona hokinga ki tona fenua mai home Academy i rapu o te mahi. I roto i te 1787, i haina ia i roto i te tūranga o te Ahorangi Tuarua, i roto i te 1792 ka awhina ia ia te kaupapa, a meinga ana ia hei ahorangi i te Academy. Tona mahi whakaako Zakharov kihai i waiho noa te mutunga o te ora. Ko ia he kaiwhakaako pūmanawa, i runga i nga tau, i taea ki te hanga i te mahi pai, a ka tuku i te rota o ngā ākonga tika ia. I roto i ngā, i raro i tona whakahau mahi AN Voronikhin, ko tona akonga, he tino kaihoahoa A. Russian Melnikov.

kaihoahoa Gatchina

I roto i te 1799 Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, mahi me kaupapa i kitea nei e te whakahaere tino matua o te whenua. Paora whakaritea e ahau ki a ia tino architect o Gatchina, te pupuri i te pou o te ahorangi i te Academy. Tenei hanga ia e rave rahi kaupapa o whare me ngā hanganga. Ia te tuatahi tīmata te mahi i runga i te kaupapa o te ohu whakapono, engari e kore e te mate o Paora tukua ki te hoatu ki te kaupapa. hiahia te reira ki te kawea mai Zakharov Novgorod me Pskov iho o te hoahoanga whare. I raro i tona kaiārahi, whakaturia i roto i Gatchina Lutheran Ekalesia, ki tenei ra kua kore i ora taua. Ia opua hoki e rua piriti: paikea ko Lion, taea whakaoti e rua teneti: ". Farm" "Birdman" me I hanga te tuatahi, a ka mutu te hanga o te mate tuarua o Paora.

I te wa ano e Zakharov wahi i roto i te hanga o te mahi pūtaiao "te hoahoanga Russian" e homai ki a ia i te whai wāhi ki te whakaaro i roto i te taipitopito nga āhuatanga o nga iho motu, me te ki te haere a tawhio noa te whenua. I roto i tenei wa kua ngoto ia hohonu ki te turanga o te hoahoanga Russian, te kitenga o te pū, me te kaha o te whenua Russian, a ko rite mo te hanganga o ngā kaupapa nui-tauine.

Mahi i runga i te ahua o te moutere o Vasilyevsky

whakawhanakehia A. D. Zaharov ana pūkenga, fakatahai ia te kaihoahoa pūmanawa me te pai mahi-kaihanga. I karangatia e ia ki te tohunga i roto i te katoa o nga kaupapa nui kawea atu i roto i St Petersburg. Na hanga ana e ia he wāhi nui ki te hanga o te kaupapa o te Exchange. I roto i te 1804, hanga te kaihoahoa te kaupapa o te hanga i te parepare Vasilevsky Island ki te hanganga o te Academy o Toi. hiahia te reira i te kaihoahoa ki te whakatinana i te ngā tikanga pai o te hoahoanga French ki haurangi me ona whakamahau. Ko te kaupapa i tino maiohatia e tohunga me hoa, otiia kihai i reira taea ki te kawe i te mahere, tuhinga, a kihai i iahiko i ora taua. I te wa taua D. Andreyan mahi i runga i te mahere o te hanga o te Nizhny Novgorod Fair, hanga he faaiopoiporaa kaupapa mo te Academy o Toi.

He mea o te ora - Admiralty

A. D. Zaharov, kaihoahoa Russian, e haere ki raro i roto i te aamu rite te kaihanga o tetahi o nga whare tino nui o Saint Petersburg - Admiralty. I te tau 1805 ka whakaritea e ia tino kaihoahoa o te Admiralty Tari, i taua wa ko e nui, me te hiahiatia he rota o whare. hanga Zakharov kua maha kaupapa, kihai i i whakatinanahia katoa o ratou, ko etahi o nga whare kahore i tiaki, engari ko mīharo te hōkai o te mahi. hangaia e ia he maha nga pa o Russia: Kronshtadt, Saint-Petersburg, Kherson, kakai, Arkhangelsk, e mahi nui atu. Ko te tino atawhai ki ia kaupapa, me te kore i mahue ki waho tetahi whakarerekētanga, ētahi wā rawa nui, e kore te whare kotahi, i ngā whare tari iti ki te whare matua o te Admiralty i Arkhangelsk me Astrakhan Zakharov. Enei kaupapa taranata o mahere Zakharov-pa, tautuhi ia te whakapakoko o te embankments o maha pa Russian. Ko te kaupapa tino nui ko te whare Black Moana Hospital i Kherson, Nikolaev Cadet Corps, te kaupapa taura wheketere i Arkhangelsk.

Tonu, ko te mahi matua o te ora Zakharov te kaupapa o te whare matua o te St Petersburg Admiralty. hanga e ia he mīharo, nui-tauine hanga, te roa o tona paruru ko 400 mita. Ko te manawataki me te hangarite o te paruru kua oti te ki whakairo, me titiro parade rahi. He pourewa ki te kaipuke koinga me te koura whakatakoto ana te poutū, kua meinga nei e te āhuatanga tino o te whenua tāone. Ko te whare ko te keokeonga o te auaha Zakharova, i roto i te hanga o tino tika katoa: i te taumahinga whakaaro-i roto i kororia ki runga ki a ahua tahi.

mahi kaihoahoa

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, whakaahua o whare e whakapaipai pukapuka katoa i runga i te hoahoanga Russian, hanga he rota o kaupapa o te rahi katoa i roto i nga pa maha o te whenua. Ko te mahi tino nui ko:

• Andreya Pervozvannogo o Cathedral i Kronstadt;
• mahere whanaketanga "whakarato o te motu" i roto i te Admiralty St Petersburg;
• Cathedral o St. Catherine i Ekaterinoslav;
• Hospital Marine i roto i te rohe o Vyborg o St. Petersburg;
• Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral i Izhevsk;
• whakahounga o te hiwi matua o te tauranga o St Petersburg.

He maha ngā hanganga kore Zakharova mahue, engari maioha tona tukufakaholo e nga uri.

tūmataiti

whakatapua kaihoahoa Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov tona ora ki te mahi aroha ia. Kua whakaako ia, i mahi i runga i te kaupapa, a kihai i oaoa whaiaro i te wā ki te whakarite. wā Leisure i oti rawa ia ki te ako o ngā pukapuka i runga i rehe, toi, hangarau, moni i roto i te kāmura. i tukua e Zakharov patua ngakau, engari kihai i tāpiri tetahi faufaa ki tenei. I roto i te raumati o 1811 ka hinga ia tino mate, a mate i runga i te 8 Mahuru. kua whakahuatia Academy o Toi pouri hohonu i runga i tona wehenga atu materoto. Kia aroha mai, i te kaihoahoa nui me kahore wa ki te kite i te otinga o tetahi o ona kaupapa nui, he tokomaha o ana mahi mua o te wā, me te kua kore i whakatinanatia.