Synapses Cholinergic: hanganga, mahi

synapses Cholinergic he wahi i roto i nei i reira he whakapā i waenganui i rua neurons ranei pūtau neuronal me effector tangohanga tohu. tito te synapse te o rua kiriuhi - presynaptic me postsynaptic, me te i te kapiti synaptic. kawea Tuku o ponana karere i roto i te tikanga o te takawaenga, i.e. he taonga tuku. puta tenei i te pāhekoheko o te receptor me neurotransmitter runga membrane postsynaptic. Ko te mahi matua o synapses cholinergic tenei.

Te takawaenga me receptors

Ko te neurotransmitter parasympathetic NA ko receptors acetylcholine - nga momo e rua o receptors cholinergic: H (nikotīni) ko M (muscarine). M-cholinomimetics he momo mahi tika kia whakaongaonga receptors i roto i te momo membrane postsynaptic.

kawea Synthesis o acetylcholine te i roto i te cytoplasm o hopearaa neuronal cholinergic. Kei te hanga e te reira i Matuorakouawai me atsetilkoenzima-A, e kua he takenga punaraungao. puta Synthesis i raro i te mahi o te Matuorakouawai whākōkī cytoplasmic. Ko te vesicles synaptic puta waipara o acetylcholine. I roto i ia o enei mirumiru kia ake ki te maha mano rāpoi ngota o acetylcholine. whakaongaonga te pana io te tuku o acetylcholine i roto i te rāpoi ngatata synaptic. I muri iho, tomo te reira ki te taunekeneke ki receptors acetylcholine. Ko te hanganga o te cholinergic synapse ahurei.

hanganga

E ai ki nga raraunga, e he wātea ana mō ngā biochemists, kia ngā acetylcholine receptor synapse uauaio rima subunits pūmua e karapoti te hongere katote, me te whakawhānui i roto i te matotoru katoa o te membrane arā o te lipid. Pair o ngā rāpoi ngota acetylcholine taunekeneke ki te rua o te α-subunits. arata'i tenei ki te meka e oroko te hongere katote me depolarized te membrane postsynaptic te.

Ngā momo o synapses cholinergic

E paetata receptors Cholinergic i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē, me te taua i roto i maha ngā huarahi tairongo ki te pānga o āpiha pharmacological. I roto i runga ki tenei i puta ke:

• Maskarinochuvstvitelnye receptors cholinergic - pera-ka karanga receptors M-cholinergic. He he maha muscarine tūturu mushroom paitini pāhare, Amanita hei tauira.
• holinoretseptora Nikotinochuvstvitelnye - te pera-ka karanga receptors H-cholinergic. Nikotīni Ko te pāhare kitea i roto i rau tupeka.

ratou wāhi

Ko te kei tuatahi i roto i te membrane pūtau postsynaptic tito o whēkau effector. E tū ana i te hopearaa o muka parasympathetic postganglionic. I tua atu, kua hoki ratou i roto i ngā pūtau neural, ganglia autonomic me i te uho kaka. I kitea te reira e e heterogeneous nga receptors M-cholinergic o localization rerekē, e arata'i ki te tūtohutanga rerekē ki te taonga o synapses cholinergic āhua pharmacological.

Momo i runga i te wāhi kei

Biochemists he maha ngā momo o receptors M-cholinergic:

• Kei roto i te ganglia autonomic me te pūnaha io pokapū. He āhuatanga o te tuatahi ko e e tū ratou ki waho o synapses - receptors M1-cholinergic.
• Kei roto i te ngakau. tauturu i etahi o ratou whakaiti i te tuku o te acetylcholine - receptors M2-cholinergic.
• Kei roto i te uaua maeneene, me i te nuinga o te repe endocrine - te mau farii ohipa M3-cholinergic.
• Kei roto i te ngakau, i roto i nga taiepa o te alveoli pūkahukahu, i roto i te CNS - receptors M4-cholinergic.
• Whakanohoia i roto i te CNS, i roto i nga iris o te kanohi, repe salivary, i roto i ngā pūtau toto mononuclear - receptors M5-cholinergic.

Ko te pānga i runga i te mau farii ohipa cholinergic

Te nuinga o nga pānga whakaratohia e mohiotia matū pharmacological e pa i te mau farii ohipa M-cholinergic, e tika ana ki te pāhekoheko o enei matū me postsynaptic M2 ko M3 receptors cholinergic.

A feruri i te whakarōpū o moni e whakaongaonga synapses cholinergic i raro.

receptors H-cholinergic kei roto i te membrane o te neurons postsynaptic i roto i mutunga ganglia o ia muka preganglionic (i roto i te ganglia parasympathetic me kaungāongo'i), i roto i te rohe o te pakohu kakī, i roto i nga medulla adrenal, i roto i te neurohypophysis, i roto i ngā pūtau Renshaw i uaua kōhiwi. Ko te tūtohutanga o te receptors H-cholinergic rerekē rerekē mō ngā matū. Hei tauira, receptors H-cholinergic i roto i te hanganga ganglia autonomic (receptors momo kūpapa) i nui ngā rerekētanga i te mau farii ohipa H-cholinergic i roto i te uaua kōhiwi (uaua-momo receptors). Ko tenei āhuatanga e āhei ki a ratou tīpakongia aukati ganglia matū motuhake. Hei tauira, kurarepodnye rawa ahei o ārai tuku uauaio.

E whai wāhi receptors cholinergic Presynaptic me adrenoceptors i roto i te tukanga ture o te tuku acetylcholine i te āhua synapse neuroeffector. Whakaongaonga o enei receptors e tautāwhi i te tuku o te acetylcholine.

tauhohe acetylcholine ki receptors H-acetylcholine me te whakarereke ratou conformation, faarahi i te taumata o te uruhanga o te membrane postsynaptic. Acetylcholine he pānga whakaongaonga i runga i te katote konutai, e ka tomo ki roto ki te pūtau, ka arata'i tenei ki te meka i depolarized te membrane postsynaptic te. Te tīmatanga i reira ko te pūmanawa synaptic rohe e tae he tetahi uara, me haamata te tukanga o te whakaputa i te pūmanawa mahi. I muri i taua, te oaoa rohe, iti nei te ki wāhi synaptic tīmata ki te horapa puta noa te membrane pūtau. Ki te kahore he whakaongaonga o receptor M-Matuorakouawai, te wāhi nui takaro e karere tuarua me G-pūmua i roto i te tuku tohu.

mahi acetylcholine i roto i te wa poto rawa. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e te tere hydrolyzed reira e te acetylcholinesterase whākōkī tenei. riro Matuorakouawai, i hanga nei i roto i te tauhohenga wai o acetylcholine i te hawhe rōrahi o te kāpeka presynaptic te ka kawea ki te cytoplasm mō te biosynthesis muri o acetylcholine.

Matū e mahi i runga i te synapses cholinergic

Pharmacological me te momo o ngā matū e taea te whakaawe i te maha o ngā tukanga e pā ana ki te tuku synaptic:

• Tukanga kōtuitanga acetylcholine.
• tuku takawaenga Tukanga. Hei tauira, carbacholine nehenehe o te whakarei ake tukanga tuku acetylcholine, kia tautāwhi i te tāoke botulinum tukanga tuku neurotransmitter.
• Ko te tukanga o te taunekeneke i waenganui i acetylcholine me Matuorakouawai receptor.
• Tauhohenga wai o te natura enzymatic acetylcholine.
• Ko te hopu o Matuorakouawai, i hanga e te tauhohenga wai o kāpeka presynaptic acetylcholine. Hei tauira, ka taea e tautāwhi i gemiholiny o neuron hopu me te waka o Matuorakouawai ki te cytoplasm pūtau.

whakarōpū

Tikanga whakaongaonga i te synapses cholinergic, ka taea e whakarato i te pānga e kore anake, engari te anticholinergic (depressing) pānga. Ka rite ki te pūtake mo te whakarōpū o taua matū whakamahi biochemists te aronga o te mahi o enei pūhui i rerekē receptors cholinergic. Ki te ū ki te parau tumu taua, e taea te whakarōpūtia nga matū e pa ana i te mau farii ohipa cholinergic e whai ake:

• Matū e whai pānga i runga i receptors M-cholinergic me receptors N-cholinergic: he holinomimetikami he acetylcholine me carbacholine me ki holinoblokatoram - tsiklodol.
• tikanga āhua anticholinesterase. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te salicylate, physostigmine, Neostigmine, galantamine hydrobromide, Armin.
• Matū e pā te synapses cholinergic. Na roto i te cholinomimetics ngā pilocarpine hydrochloride me aceclidine ki holinoblokatoram - atropine pūkawa, matatsin, tartrate platifillina, pūkeha ipratropium, hydrobromide skopalamina.

• Matū ki vlinyanie receptors H-cholinergic. Na roto i te holinomimetikami He tsititon me lobeline hydrochloride. blockers H e taea te wehea receptor acetylcholine nicotinic ki e rua ngā rōpū. Ko te tuatahi - he tikanga pūāhua ganglioblokiruyuschimi. Ko ētahi o ēnei benzogeksony, gigrony, pentamin, arfonad, pyrylium. vkulyuchaet te rōpū tuarua he taonga Curariform. Ēnei ngā relaxants uaua, whakarato mahi piringa pērā i tubocurarine pūhaumāota, pancuronium pūkeha, pipekuroniya pūkeha.

te uiui e matou i roto i te taipitopito i te tikanga o e pa synapses cholinergic.