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Tātaritanga o kurupae i runga i te deflection. Ko te deflection mōrahi o te kurupae: te tātai
Kurupae - huānga engineering o te tokotoko utaina e te ki ope mahi i roto i te ahunga hāngai ki te tokotoko. Mahi Engineers maha tā te hiahia ki te tātai i te deflection kurupae i raro i kawenga. whakamana ana tēnei mahi i roto i te tikanga ki te whakawhāiti i te deflection mōrahi o te kurupae.
momo
Ki te rā, ka taea te whakamahi i te hanganga kurupae i hanga o ngā rauemi rerekē. Ka taea e waiho he whakarewa rakau ranei tenei. Ia take titau te kurupae rerekē. kia whai i te tātai o kurupae i runga i te deflection etahi rerekētanga e ara ake i runga i te pūtake o ngā rerekētanga i roto i te hanganga me te rauemi e whakamahia ana.
kurupae rakau
hanga takitahi o teie mahana titau te kurupae whakamahi whānui i hanga o te rakau. Tata kei nga whare patunga rakau. Ka taea te whakamahi i te kurupae o te rakau kia rite ki huānga whanau, kei te whakamahia ratou i roto i te hanga o patunga, me te tautoko hoki papa i waenganui i patunga.
Ko te mea ngaro e te rakau, me te maitai kurupae, e whangai ana ki te Tawharuwharu i raro i te mana o ope ahotea. Tei deflection Pere i runga i te mea rauemi whakamahia te, te āhuatanga āhuahanga hoahoa, i roto i nei whakamahia te kurupae te, me te āhua o kawenga.
i hanga te deflection tīkina o te kurupae i ngā āhuatanga e rua:
- deflection Tautukunga me ngā uara whakaaetia.
- Taea o te whakamahi o te whare, tango ki pūkete te deflection.
Whakahaere i roto i te hanganga o te kaha, me te rigidity tukua mauruuru i te pai ki ta te kawenga e taea te tu i te whare i roto i te mahi. Hoki, tukua enei tātai ki te mohio rite te mea e waiho te mea timatanga deformation hanganga i roto i ia take. Mahalo e kore tetahi e totohe ki te meka e te tātai tino kiko, me te tika - ko reira wahi o nga mau ohipa o Engineers tivira, engari e taea te tatau i te uara tika katoa te whakamahi i te maha o tātai me tātaitanga pāngarau pūkenga takitahi.
I roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i te tātai tika o kurupae deflection, me tango ano tetahi ki pūkete te meka e te hanga o te ariā o te rigidity me te kaha e hia. I runga i ngā raraunga i te tātaitanga o te kaha, ka taea e koe puta ki te tātai atu te pakeke whanaunga. Me kï reira e te tātai o te kurupae deflection - tetahi o nga āhuatanga faufaa o te tātaitanga o te pakeke.
Kia whai whakaaro ki te meka i he koe pai hoki enei tātaitanga ki te whakamahi i tātaitanga whakahiato, hanga ki he te kaupapa, kaua ohie. Reira hoki tūtohutia he tawhē iti i roto i te ara nui. Rawa, ki te nga mea timatanga āwangawanga tātaitanga kawe.
Tātaritanga o kurupae i runga i te deflection. te hātepe
I roto i te meka, te hātepe e i hanga Ko te tino māmā te tātai rite. Ka rite ki te tauira, whakaaro etahi hoahoa māmā o tātai, ko te kupu kua whakakorea etahi ngā motuhake me tātai. I roto i te tikanga ki te tātai i te deflection o nga kurupae ki runga, te mahi i te whai i ēnei i roto i te raupapa. Ko te hātepe o te tātaitanga o te whai ake:
- hanga kaupapa Tātaitanga te.
- Takoto ngā āhuatanga āhuahanga o te kurupae.
- Tātaitia te kawenga mōrahi i runga i te huānga.
- I roto i te take o te hiahia te manatoko rakau kaha mō te piko kau.
- Computes te deflection mōrahi.
Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, kei tika ohie nga kaupae katoa me he whaihua.
Te faaineineraa kurupae kaupapa tātaitanga
I roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i te kaupapa tatauranga, e kore e rapua e te reira nui te matauranga. He mea nui ki te mohio te rahi me te āhua o te wāhanga ripeka o te huānga, te whanganga i waenganui i nga tautoko me te tikanga o te whanau. Span Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i rua tautoko. Hei tauira, te whakamahi i koe te kurupae rite nga kaho tautoko īnaki hoki amo taiepa o te whare, i roto nei 4 m, ka kia rite ki te 4 m te uara whanganga.
Te tātai i te deflection o te kurupae rakau, e ngā take noa ratou āhuatanga o te hoahoa. I roto i te take o te papa kurupae kua tangohia i te kawenga iahiko mo te tātai tohaina te whakanoho. denoted te reira i te q tohu. Ki te te puritia fakatefito te kawenga i roto i te natura, tangohia te e i te ara iahiko kawenga takiwa,, denoted F. he rite ki te taimaha, e ka hoatu te pēhanga ki runga ki te hanganga te rahi o tenei kawenga.
kau o te tūpuku
āhuatanga āhuahanga, ka karanga te kau o te tūpuku, he nui i roto i te tātai i runga i te deflection o te kurupae. Ko te tātai e āhei ki a koutou tātai tenei uara, hoatu e matou i te reira i te iti o raro.
A, no te tātai i te kau o te tūpuku he e tika ana ki te whakarongo ki te meka e te rahi o tenei āhuatanga i te mea ta te takotoranga o te huānga i roto i te wāhi. Ko te kupu i reira ko te hononga kōaro i waenganui i te kau tūpuku me te rahinga deflection. Ko te iti te uara o te kau o tūpuku, te nui te uara deflection me te hurihia. Ko te tino ngāwari ki te aru i roto i te mahi tenei fakafalala. tangata katoa e mohio ana e te poari, e takoto ana i runga i mata, flexes nui iti atu i te poari rite, i te mea i roto i te tūnga noa.
Counting te kau o te tūpuku mo te kurupae ki te wāhanga ripeka tapawhā i te tātai:
J = b * h ^ 3/12 wahi:
b - whanui motu;
h - teitei o te wāhanga kurupae.
Tātaihia te taumata kawenga mōrahi
Whakarite i te kawenga mōrahi i runga i te mema hanganga hua tango ki pūkete he maha o ngā āhuatanga me inenga. Ko te tikanga, no te tātai i te taumata kawenga tango ki pūkete te taimaha o te 1 kurupae mita, te taimaha o te 1 tuanui mita tapawha, tuanui kawenga me te āhua rangitahi o te kawenga i nga taiepa i runga i te 1 tuanui mita tapawha. e hoki ki te pūkete whanganga te tawhiti i waenganui i te kurupae i roto i mita. Hei tauira, te tātai i te kawenga mōrahi i runga i te kurupae rakau tango uara toharite, kia rite ki nei ko te taimaha inaki 60 kg / m², kawenga tuanui rangitahi he 250 kg / m², e paunatia pātaki 75 kg / m². Ko te tino māmā te taimaha o te kurupae ki te tātai, i mohio tona rōrahi me te mātotoru. Me kī, e whakamahia m kurupae wāhanga 0,15h0,2 rakau. I roto i tenei take, e hei tona taimaha 18 kg / rere mita. Ano mo te tauira, amo te tawhiti i waenganui i te īnaki kurupae 600 mm o. I roto i tenei take i te ōwehenga e hiahiatia ana ko te 0.6 tatou.
Ka rite ki te hua o te tātai i te kawenga mōrahi whiwhi tatou te hua e whai ake: q = (60 + 250 + 75) * 0.6 + 18 = 249 kg / m.
A, no te whiwhi te uara, ka taea ki te neke ki te tātai o te deflection mōrahi.
Te tātai i te uara o te deflection mōrahi
A, no te tātai tatou te kurupae, whakaatu te tātai nga āhuatanga e tika ana katoa. kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau e te tātai whakamahia mo te tātai, kia whai i te tirohanga paku rerekē, ki te kawea te tātaitanga i roto hoki ngā momo rerekē o pikaunga, e ka whai i te pānga i runga i te kurupae.
Tuatahi hoatu e matou a koutou i te tātai i whakamahia ki te tātai i te deflection mōrahi kurupae rakau ki te kawenga tohaina.
f = -5 * q * l ^ 4/384 * E * J.
Kia mōhio e i roto i tenei tātai, E - ko te tamau, ka karanga te uara tawhiti rapa o te rauemi. Hoki te rakau, tenei ahua, ko te 100 000 kg / m².
Tonu ki to tatou raraunga tātaitanga whakamahia mō te tauira, whiwhi tatou e, no te kurupae o te rakau, nei ripeka wāhanga he m 0,15h0,2 me te roa, ko te 4 m, te nui o te deflection mōrahi ka i raro ki te kawenga tohaina he rite ki te 0,83 cm.
Me mōhio e ka hua deflection tātaitanga tango ki pūkete te ara iahiko ki te kawenga takiwa, e te tātai te puka e whai ake:
f = -F * l ^ 3/48 * E * J, te wahi:
F - te kaha o te pēhanga i roto i te rakau.
utu hoki whakarongo ki te meka e kia rerekē te uara o te uara tawhiti o elasticity whakamahia i roto i te tātai mō ngā momo rerekē o te rakau. Awe te momo e kore anake o te rakau, engari ano hoki te momo o te rakau. Na reira, ka whai te kurupae katoa o te rakau, rakau veneer Whakakirihōu me rangitaki a tawhio noa moduli rerekē o elasticity, me ngā uara i konei rerekē o te deflection mōrahi.
Ka taea e koe te whai whāinga rerekē, hanga i te tātaitanga o te kurupae i roto i te deflection. Ki te hiahia koe ki te mohio i nga rohe o te deformation o ngā āhuatanga hanganga, ka i te mutunga o te tātaitanga o te deflection o te pere, e koe e taea e mutu. Ki te tō whāinga - kitea ki te whakatū i te taumata o te tautukunga tohu o waehere hanga, me te whakaritea e ratou ki te raraunga, e kua whakanohoia i roto i ngā tuhinga motuhake o te āhua normative.
Ahau-kurupae
Me mōhio e whakamahia nga girders ahau-kurupae iti pinepine no o ratou āhua. Otiia hoki e kore e wareware i te taua huānga hoahoa e taea te tu kawenga nui nui atu i te rohe teihana ranei, e taea e te rerekē ki ahau-kurupae.
Tātaitanga o deflection H-kurupae tu ki te hanga i roto i te kaupapa e e haere koe ki te whakamahi i te reira rite te huānga hoahoa kaha.
Kia mahara hoki e kore ngā momo katoa o te girders ahau-kurupae taea tātai deflection. I roto i ētahi wā, Heoi, whakaaetia ki te tātai i te deflection H-kurupae? I roto i ngā take pēnei i katoa 6, e hāngai ana ki te ono momo ahau-kurupae. Enei momo e whai ake nei:
- Patohia kotahi-whanganga kurupae ki te kawenga kaupae tohaina.
- Papatohu mārō tāmau i tetahi pito, me te kaupae tohaina kawenga.
- Ko te kurupae i tetahi whanganga ki te papatohu ki tetahi ringa, tono nei ki te kawenga kaupae tohaina.
- kurupae Single ki te momo kopi o amo ki te kaha takiwa.
- Single-whanganga tautoko noa kurupae ki e rua ope takiwa.
- Papatohu ki te katinga mārō, me te kaha takiwa.
kurupae whakarewa
Ko te tātai o te deflection mōrahi o te taua, ahakoa ko reira he kurupae maitai te huānga o te rauemi rerekē ranei. Ko te mea matua - mahara aua uara e he motuhake, me te pūmau, rite hoki tauira uara tawhiti o elasticity. A, no te mahi ki nga kurupae whakarewa, he mea nui ki te mahara e taea te hanga ratou o parahi o te ahau-kurupae ranei.
Ko te tātai o te deflection mōrahi o te kurupae ki e rua tautoko
Ka rite ki te tauira, whakaaro he kaupapa i roto i te mea te kurupae i rua tautoko, ka tono taua te kaha kukū i te wāhi noho. Tae noa te kau o te tono i te kurupae kaha ko te aho tika, engari kua puta ke i raro i te mana o ope tona ahua me te hoki o ka te matatu ānau.
Tera pea e te XY ko te waka rererangi o te hangarite o te kurupae i runga i rua tautoko. kawenga katoa mahi i runga i te kurupae i roto i tenei manureva. I roto i tenei take, ko te meka ko e te ānau whiwhi rite ki te hua o te ope, ka waiho ano hoki i roto i tenei manureva. huaina ana tēnei ānau ko te rārangi rapa hei o te kurupae raina ranei kurupae deflection. Algebraically whakaoti i te raina rapa o te kurupae me te tātai i te deflection o te kurupae, te tātai o nei whakaritea te ki nga kurupae ki e rua tautoko, e whai ake.
Ko te deflection i te z tawhiti i kurupae tautoko maui mō te 0 ≤ z ≤ te
F (z) = (P * he 2 * b 2) / (6e * J * l ) * ( 2 * z / he + z / BZ 3 / he 2 * b)
Deflection o te kurupae i runga e rua tautoko i te z tawhiti i te tautoko maui mo te ≤ z ≤l
f (z) = (- P * he 2 * b 2) / (6e * J * l ) * ( 2 * (lz) / b + ( lz) / a- (lz) 3 / he + b 2), i reira F - tono kaha, E - uara tawhiti rapa o te rauemi, J - momeniti axial o tūpuku.
I roto i te take o te kurupae ki e rua tautoko tatau kau o tūpuku te rite e whai ake nei:
J = b 1 h 1 3/12 wahi b 1 me te h 1 - te whānui me te teitei o te wāhanga ripeka o te kurupae whakamahia, aua.
mutunga
I roto i te whakamutunga, e taea te faaoti i te reira e tātai samstoyatelno te deflection mōrahi o te kurupae o ngā momo rerekē ko tino ohie. Ka rite ki whakaaturia i roto i tenei tuhinga, te mea matua - ki te mohio etahi o nga āhuatanga e whakawhirinaki i runga i te rauemi me te āhuahanga āhuatanga, ka mahi tātaitanga i runga i te maha o ngā tātai i roto i nei ia tawhā he tona whakamāramatanga, me te kore e tangohia i roto i o wahi.
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