Thermal Walling tātaitanga: he tauira o te tātai me te hoahoa. tātaitanga Tātai wera engineering o whakaaro tiaki

Te hanga i tētahi taiao māhorahora mō te noho mahi ranei ko te mahi tuatahi o te hanganga. He nui o te rohe o to matou whenua kei roto i te ahopae te raki ki climates makariri. Na reira, te whakaū i te pāmahana whakamarie i roto i ngā whare pono tonu. Ki te tupu o tariffs mō te whakaiti pūngao i roto i te kohi pūngao mō te whakawera mai ki te mua.

raraunga āhuarangi

Te kōwhiri i te hoahoa o te taiepa, a tei te tuanui matua i runga i nga tikanga te huarere o te rohe hanga. Ki te whakatau ia ratou, tēnā koa, tirohia ki SP131.13330.2012 "Building Climatology". I roto i te tātai, e whakamahia te uara e whai ake nei:

• te pāmahana o te makariri ra rima haumarutanga 0,92 denoted Tn;
• denoted te pāmahana toharite e tetahi;
• roanga, Zot whakaritea.

I runga i te tauira mō te taurangi Murmansk i nga tikanga e whai ake nei:

• TH = -30 deg;
• Ko = -3,4 nekehanga;
• Zot = 275 ra.

I tua atu, he tika te reira ki te whakapūtā te pāmahana tata roto te TV ruma, te mea i whakaritea i roto i runga i GOST 30494-2011. Hoki whare e taea te tango i TB = 20 °.

Hei te mahi Thermal Walling tātaitanga GSOP uara tatau i mua (wā whakawera tohu-ra):
GSOP = (TB - Kotahi) x Zot.
I roto i to tatou hi'oraa GSOP = (20 - (-3.4)) x 275 = 6435.

tohu matua

Hoki te kōwhiringa tika o ngā rauemi o te tiaki whakaaro he tika ki te whakatau he aha waiariki āhuatanga me ratou te tango. Ko te kaha o te taonga ki te whakahaere wera āhuatanga e tona kawe waiariki, denoted e te l reta Kariki (lambda) me te whanganga i roto i W / (° m x.). āhuatanga te kaha o te hanganga ki te pupuri i te mahana e tona whakawhiti wera resistance R ko te ōwehenga o te matotoru, me te kawe ia ngāwhā: R = d / l.

Ki te ngā i te hanganga o te maha ngā papa, tatau te parenga e mo ia paparanga, me te ka whakarapopototia.

Ātete ki te whakawhiti wera ko te tohu nui o te hanganga waho. Me nui Ko tōna uara te uara paerewa. Mahi tātaitanga Thermal o te kōpaki whare, e ti'a ia tatou ki te whakatau i te ōhanga tika te hanganga o nga taiepa, me te tuanui.

kawe ia ngāwhā

Kei te matua i whakaritea mahi waiariki e waiariki kawe ia. Ia rauemi tohu haere akoranga taiwhanga, i hua i roto i te uara whakaritea e nga tikanga whakahaere mo te "A" ranei "B". "B" mo to tatou whenua te nuinga o nga rohe hāngai ki te tikanga whakahaere. Mahi Thermal home tātaitanga Walling, kia koutou te whakamahi i tenei uara. tohu uara kawe ia waiariki i runga i te tapanga ranei i roto i te whārangi raraunga o te rauemi, engari ki te kore, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te uara tohutoro o te Code. Kua whakarārangitia te uara mō te rauemi tino rongonui i raro:

• Ringa o te pereki mau - 0,81 W (deg mx.).
• Aua marae o te takawai pereki - 0.87 W (mx deg.).
• Te hau me te pahuka i (te mātotoru 800) - 0.37 W (mx deg.).
• Softwood - 0.18 W (deg mx.).
• pahuka i extruded terei - 0,032 W (deg mx.).
• huruhuru Mineral (kiato 180) - 0.048 Watts (deg mx.).

Ko te uara āhuatanga o te whakawhitinga wera resistance

uara Whakatauria kia iti iho i te uara turanga ngāwhā resistance. whakaritea te uara turanga kei te rite ki te Ripanga 3 SP50.13330.2012 "Parenga Ngawha o Whare". E tāutu ana te tepu nga tau whakarea ki te tātai tauanga uara ātete waiariki o ngā hanganga anga katoa me ngā momo whare. Tonu i te Walling tātaitanga Thermal o mua, he tauira o te tātai, ko te rite whai:

• Rsten 0,00035h6435 = + 1.4 = 3.65 (m x K / W).
• Rpokr 0,0005h6435 = + 2.2 = 5.41 (m x K / W).
• Rcherd 0,00045h6435 = + 1.9 = 4.79 (m x K / W).
• Rockne 0,00005h6435 = + 0.3 = 0.62 (m x K / W).

mau Thermal tātaitanga Walling waho mo whakaaro katoa, kati te "mahana" koropiko - he papa i runga i te tehpodpolya whenua witi ranei, taiepa waho (tae atu ki ngā matapihi me tatau), paninga ngā ranei whakakikorua tuanui haaveavea. Hoki, me te whakamana i te tātaitanga mō te hanganga ā-, ki te pāmahana te maturuturunga iho i roto i ruma pātata he neke atu i te 8 nekehanga.

tātaitanga Thermal o taiepa

Te nuinga o nga taiepa, me papa o to ratou hoahoa maha-paparanga, me te heterogeneous. tātai Thermal hanganga Walling multilayer ko e whai ake:
R = d1 / L1 + d2 / L2 + dn / ln,
te wahi n - te tawhā o te apa n-th.

Ki te whakaaro tatou paninga he taiepa pereki, ka whiwhi tatou i te whai ake:

• he paparanga waho o te raima matotoru o te 3 cm, he kawe ia waiariki o 0,93 W (mx deg.);
• aua marae pereki uku te tāroaroa 64 cm, he kawe ia waiariki o 0,81 W (mx deg.);
• he matotoru roto kahu te raima o te 3 cm, he kawe ia waiariki o 0,93 W (mx deg.).

Tātai wera engineering tātaitanga o whakaaro tiaki kei rite whai:

R = 0,03 / 0,93 + 0,64 / 0,81 + 0,03 / 0,93 = 0,85 (m x K / W).

Ko te uara whiwhi nui iti iho i te uara tohutoro ātete waiariki tautuhi i mua o taiepa i roto i te whare fare Murmansk 3.65 (m x K / W). e kore e whakatau i te taiepa hanganga ture, me te hiahia mātao. Hoki te taiepa mātao te whakamahi i kohuke huruhuru 150 mm kawe ia matotoru, me te waiariki o 0,048 W (mx deg.).

Te kato ake te pūnaha mātao, me te mahi koe i te tātaritanga Walling tātaitanga Thermal. whakaaturia Tauira o te tātai te raro nei:

R = 0,15 / 0.048 + 0,03 / 0,93 + 0,64 / 0,81 + 0,03 / 0,93 = 3,97 (m x K / W).

he nui ake te turanga tātai te uara hua - 3.65 (m x K / W), ki te taiepa mātao makona whakaritenga waehere.

Tātaitanga o inaki me coatings ngā whakamana meimei tatau.

patunga tātai Thermal i roto i te whakapā ki te oneone

E mea pinepine i roto i te mau utuafare tūmataiti whare tūmatanui ranei, kua kawea te papa o te papa tuatahi i roto i runga i te whenua. e kore te ātete waiariki o patunga papa'iraa, engari ka rite ki te hanganga papa iti e kore e tukua tomairangi. whakamana Tātaitanga o ngā hanganga i roto i te whakapā ki te whenua e whai ake nei: kua wehea nga patunga ki here (ropu) whanui o 2 mita, timata i te rohe o waho. Taua rohe tohaina ki te rohe toe toru pā ana ki te wha te rohe. Ki te kore ngā mātao whai hua, tangohia te ātete waiariki o te wāhi e whai ake nei i roto i te hanga witi:

• Rohe 1 - 2.1 (m x K / W);
• Rohe 2 - 4.3 (m x K / W);
• Rohe 3 - 8.6 (m x K / W);
• Rohe 4 - 14.3 (m x K / W).

Ko reira ngāwari ki te kite e ko te wāhanga roa o te papa ki runga ki te taiepa i waho, te nui te ātete ki te whakawhiti wera. Na maha iti mahana o te paenga papa. Ko te kupu te ātete ki te rohe whakawhiti wera te tapiritia ātete ki te wera hanganga kiriweti.
kia whakaurua wera whakawhiti ātete o te papa i roto i te tātaitanga o te katoa Walling tātaitanga Thermal. Papa tauira tātai i runga i te whenua kōrero i raro. Kī rohe papa 10 x 10 rite ki te 100 m.

• ka waiho Rohe 1 rohe 64 m.
• Ko te rohe o te rohe 2 Ka e 32 m.
• ka hei Area 3 rohe 4 m.

uara resistance Toharite o te papa whakawhiti wera i runga i te whenua:
Rpola = 100 / (64 / 2.1 + 32 / 4.3 + 4 / 8.6) = 2.6 (m x K / W).

I muri whakaoti i te paenga o te EPS papa mātao papa matotoru 5 cm karawarawa whanui o te 1 mita, whiwhi tatou i te uara toharite o ngāwhā resistance:

Rpola = 100 / (32 / 2.1 + 32 / (2.1 + 0.05 / 0.032) + 32 / 4.3 + 4 / 8.6) = 4.09 (m x K / W).

He mea nui ki te mōhio e i roto i tenei tikanga tatau e kore patunga anake, engari ano hoki te hanga o te taiepa i roto i te whakapā ki te whenua (taiepa patunga arapaki, whawhe mahana).

tatau tātai Thermal

Ahua rerekē tatau uara turanga o ātete waiariki o tatau tomokanga. No te mea ka hiahia te tuatahi tona tātaitanga ki te tātai i te parenga waiariki o nga taiepa o te paearu parukore-mā (nevypadeniyu tomairangi):
PST = (Te - TS) / (x av DST).

whakaritea te pāmahana rerekētanga i waenganui i te mata taiepa i roto, me te pāmahana rangi i roto i te piha e te huinga o ngā ture, me mo te whare ko 4.0 - He DST.
av - wera whakawhiti tau whakarea o te mata taiepa roto o te PO ko 8.7.
tangohia te uara turanga te tatau 0,6hRst rite.

hiahiatia Door hoahoa whiriwhiri te ki te mahi i te tātaritanga Walling tātaitanga Thermal. tatau Tauira tātaitanga:

WFD = 0.6 x (20 - (- 30)) / (4 x 8.7) = 0.86 (m x K / W).

Ka hāngai tēnei uara tātai ki te tatau, huruhuru kohuke kiriweti 5 cm matotoru. Ko tōna wera whakawhiti resistance kia R = 0,05 / 0,048 = 1,04 (m x K / W), i te mea nui ake i te tatau.

whakaritenga matatini

i ngā tātai ka o taiepa, tuanui paninga ranei ki tirohia te ture i roto i te huānga-whakaaro nui. kitea hoki pukature oti titauraa o te kounga o te mātao o te tiaki hoahoa i roto i te whānui. huaina ana tēnei uara ko te "āhuatanga wera-paruru motuhake." Te kore whakaū kore e mahi i tetahi Walling tātaitanga Thermal. homai Tauira o tātai o SP te raro nei.

Tātā = 88.77 / 250 = 0.35, i te mea iti iho i te uara te tauanga o 0,52. I roto i tenei take, i te rohe me te rōrahi tangohia āhuatanga Housing 10 x 10 x 2.5 m resistance wera -. Waeine pūtaketake ōrite.

whakaritea uara Whakatauria i runga ki te mahi tahi, i runga i te rōrahi o te kāinga wera rānei.

I tua atu ki te whakaritenga whānui mō te tātuhi ake o tiwhikete pūngao mahi hoki Walling tātaitanga Ngawha, he tauira o homai rēhitatanga o te uruwhenua e i roto i te whareāpiti ki SP50.13330.2012.

taurite whakarea

E hāngai ana ki ngā hanganga ōrite nga tātai runga ake katoa. I roto i te mahi he rawa onge. Hei whakaaro mo te heterogeneity o te whakaiti ngāwhā resistance te whakaurua thermotechnical whakarea homogeneity ako - r. E te reira ki pūkete te huringa i roto i te waiariki ātete whakaurua e te matapihi me te tatau tatau, koki waho, inclusions heterogeneous (hei tauira piriti, kurupae, whakaū whitiki), piriti matao, me te pera atu.

Te tātai i tēnei take, ko te tino matatini, na i roto i te ara māmā taea te whakamahi i te uara hi'oraa maitai i te tuhinga. Hei tauira, mō te pereki - 0.9, awhi hanawiti - 0.7.

mātao whai hua

Te kōwhiri i te pūnaha mātao te kāinga, he ngāwari ki te kite i taua te whakatutuki i te whakaritenga o te tiaki ngāwhā hou i waho te whakamahi o te mātao whai hua he tata e taea. Na, ki te whakamahi koe i te pereki uku tuku iho, Me aua marae e rave rahi mita matotoru, e kore te mea e ohaoha whai takenga. Heoi, ka taea te kawe ia waiariki iti o te mātao hou e hāngai ana i runga i te terei huruhuru kamaka ranei tatou ki te whakawhāiti i te thicknesses o 10-20 cm.

Hei tauira, ki te tae te uara turanga o ātete waiariki o 3.65 (m x K / W) hiahiatia:

• matotoru pakitara pereki o 3 m;
• aua marae poraka raima o 1.4 m;
• kohuke mātao huruhuru o 0.18 m.