Tikanga whakahaere Anti-manapori. pule fakaaoaó, me te fakaaoao: te āhuatanga matua o

Ko te tikanga tōrangapū o te kāwanatanga - he he tikanga o te whakahaere i te pūnaha e whakaatu ana i te huru o te mana me ngā māngai o te hapori, haere noa pāpori me te ki te ora ture o te whenua.

Ko te nuinga o enei āhuatanga e tika ana ki etahi āhuatanga tuku iho, te ahurea me te tikanga hītori o te hanganga o te kāwanatanga. Na, ka taea e tatou te mea e i roto i tetahi whenua i hanga ona ake politrezhim motuhake, me te ahurei. Otiia, e taea te kitea te wahi nui o ratou āhuatanga ōrite i roto i nga whenua rerekē.

puna tuhinga pūtaiao whakaahua e rua ngā momo o ngā pūrere pāpori-ture:

• tikanga whakahaere anti-manapori;
• tikanga whakahaere manapori.

Signs o te hapori manapori

Ko te āhuatanga matua e te hunga āhuatanga o te manapori e:

• aoniu o mahi ā-ture;
• wehea e te momo mana;
• te oraraa o enei tika tōrangapū me te pāpori o ona tangata;
• tinana pōtitia;
• te aroaro o te pato'iraa, me te whakaaro pluralistic.

tohu o anti-manapori

wehea te puka anti-manapori o te kāwanatanga i runga i nga tikanga whakahaere fakatikitato, me te fakaaoao. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua:

• te ture o te whakahaere rōpū kotahi;
• tino ƒcivilisation≈ o te puka kotahi o te rangatiratanga;
• hara o nga tika me nga rangatiratanga i roto i te ora tōrangapū;
• tikanga repressive me coercive o mana;
• hara o te mana o tinana pōtitia;
• whakapakari o te mana whakahaere;
• aukati o te oraraa o te rōpū rōpū pato'iraa;
• polipartiynosti tapui me te inomysliya;
• hiahia o te kāwanatanga ki te taunga ngā wāhanga katoa o te ora pāpori me te whanaungatanga i waenganui i takitahi.

He tohu o te tikanga fakaaoao (fakaaoao) ano i roto i te meka i hāngai mana i roto i nga ringa o te tangata, rōpū rānei, engari i waho o te ao tōrangapū e rongoa i roto i te tohu whanaunga o te haere noa. wāteatea pāpori me te ture pērā i roto i tetahi take e kore e whakakahore nga āhuatanga o tenei momo o te kāwanatanga. Āhuatanga o te tikanga totalitarian - whakakaha te te tirotiro o nga mana o nga ao katoa o te ora tūmatanui.

āhuatanga whakataurite

Āhuatanga o te tikanga whakahaere anti-manapori

puta kāwanatanga fakaaoao ka hāngai te mana i roto i te ringa o te tangata kotahi ranei rōpū o tangata. E mea pinepine ngā ki tonotono fakaaoao. e kore e taea hanganga pato'iraa i tenei wa, engari i roto i te mara ōhanga, pērā i te ora ahurea tūmataiti ranei, mana motuhake whaiaro, me te noho etahi ngarahu pai.

hua mana totalitarian te ina e whakahaeretia ngā wāhanga katoa o te ora tūmatanui i te kāwanatanga ki te manawapa mana (takitahi rōpū o tangata ranei), te wahi i reira ko te aroaro o te ao kotahi mo nga tangata katoa o te whenua. hanga te ngaro o tetahi inomysliya te kaha te mana ture, inonotitanga pirihimana, tųkinotanga. Taua tikanga whakahaere anti-manapori hoatu ara ki tuakiri hāngū, i te mea e pängia ana ki te ngohengohe i roto i ngā take pāpori katoa.

mana totalitarian

Totalitarianism - he tikanga pule whānui, wawao ta'efakangatangata i roto i te ora ia rā o te hapori, tae atu ki te oraraa i roto i te horopaki o ratou whakahaere me te mana uruhi. puta te ariā rawa i roto i te mutunga o nga uofulu o te rau tau 20, ka tamata etahi o nga pūtaiao tōrangapū ki te wehe i te hapori, me te whenua manapori me te titiro mo te mārama māramatanga o te āhua hapori.

Āhuatanga o te tikanga totalitarian

1. Ko te oraraa o te, rōpū kotahi nui papatipu, ahu nei i te kohakore (i roto i te kanohi o te iwi), te rangatira, a i roto i te tua ki tenei - te reunification tūturu o te rōpū, me te kāwanatanga o te huānga hanganga. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e taea te huaina reira he "āhua-rōpū." He i roto i te mua i roto i te arawhata aroākapa noho te tari pokapū o te whakahaere rōpū, me te āhua ko te tikanga o te whakataki ki te ora o te tūāpapa pūnaha totalitarian.

2. Centralization me monopolization o te mana. Ko, i rite ki te rauemi, ngā ariā normative fakalotu, tōrangapū (te haapa'oraa me mateaki ki te rōpū totalitarian) haere mai i mua, me te riro faufaa. Ko te rohe ngaro i waenganui i ngā wāhi tūmatanui, me te tūmataiti o tenei tikanga (te whenua kia rite ki te rōpū). i raro i te ara katoa o te ora o te taupori e ki te ture, ahakoa, pūāhua whaiaro (tūmataiti) ranei tūmatanui kua ia. Mana i ngā taumata katoa hangaia e te taero tikanga, me te kati ngā mōhiohio, me te raraunga-kore takere.

3. He mana Māoritanga tika kotahi e na roto i te pāpāho, te tukanga ako, utaina nga tikanga whakatö-i runga i te taupori rite te ara anake tika, pono o te whakaaro. Tenei e kore ko te aronga i runga i te takitahi, me te "karakia" uara (iwi, iwi, me te pera i runga i. D.). āhuatanga te wāhanga fakalaumālie o te hapori e ātete pūkeke, me te inomysliyu "inodeystviyu", rite ki te tikanga o te "Ko e kore tahi tatou -. ki a tatou ranei"

4. tatari Tinana, me te hinengaro, āhua tikanga pirihimana o oraraa, i roto i nei te nuinga te pūtake o te ture matua e te whai ake: "Kei te whakaaetia anake te mea e whiua e te mana, rāhuitia mea katoa atu te." Hoki ana whakatutukitanga i hanga ghettos me kemi, e whakamahi pakeke mahi, tutu ki iwi, ki te huna o te hinaaro ā pato'ii te, te whakangaromanga papatipu o te iwi harakore.

Kei ngā ano tikanga mana fakatikitató taua kominiusi me Fascist tikanga whakahaere anti-manapori.

Mana

He āhua fakaaoao - he whenua ki te ara taua o te ora, āhuatanga nei i te te tikanga puaki te tangata kotahi ki te tikanga mana tuhi. Tenei "tau" i waenganui i tikanga totalitarian me manapori, he wā tauwhirowhiro i waenganui ia ratou.

Ko te tino tata ki te rārangi tōrangapū totalitarian o te whakahaere tikanga fakaaoao, a ki te manapori - ohaoha, e ko, te iwi kahore nei mana tōrangapū, e hua ana ki te tini o te Economics.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te tikanga fakaaoao

Tenei ahua o anti-manapori kingitanga o te kāwanatanga he te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. He mana mutunga, a kahore i raro i te mana, ko te centralized i te ringa o te tangata kotahi ranei rōpū o tangata. kia he tonotono, te junta hōia, me te pera atu tenei.
2. pānga Potential me tūturu o te ahotea i runga i te kaha. e kore e taea e tenei aratau whakamahi mahi repressive nui, me te ara oaoa i rawaka āhukahuka o te nuinga o te taupori. Otiia, e kore e taea e te kāwanatanga utu ki te tango i tetahi kaupae i roto i te pā ana ki ona tangata ki te hanga rongo ratou.
3. Ko te monopolization o te mana me te kaha tōrangapū ki te ora, e kore e tuku i te oraraa o ngā rōpū pato'iraa, kapu, motuhake o tetahi mea, mahi ture i roto i te hapori. e kore e he huru taua pā i te oraraa o te here i te maha o ngā rōpū Pāti me ngā uniana hokohoko, me ētahi atu rōpū, engari ko to ratou mahi tino kaupapa ki te whakahaere me te whakaritea e te mana.
4. Whakahōu nga cadres o te feia faatere i te whaiaro-whakakī, nui atu i whakataetae i roto i te wā pōtitanga-i mua, te kore o tikanga ture mo te tonu me te whakawhiti o te kaha. He maha taua tikanga whakahaere anti-manapori i te tikanga o coups whakamahi ope patu, me te tųkinotanga.
5. whai wāhi anake Mana i roto i te whakarato haumarutanga whaiaro, kia pāpori, ahakoa e taea ki te whakaawe i te kaupapa matua o te whanaketanga ōhanga, ki te kawe i te kaupapa here pāpori kaha, kahore whakangaro te hanganga o tona ake ture mākete ratou.

āhuatanga whakaahuatia hoatu i runga whenua ki te whakapuaki e te tikanga fakaaoao - he tikanga o te kāwanatanga ki te moralism hapa "tukua katoa anake tōrangapū."

momo atu o te tikanga whakahaere tōrangapū

A, no te te pūnaha pononga nga momo e whai ake nei o te kāwanatanga:

• faatītī;
• fakateokalatí;
• monarchical;
• kahurangi;
• manapori.

Te pūnaha feudal, i tahuri, wehewehea ki:

• militarist-pirihimana;
• manapori;
• karaka-feudal;
• absolutist;
• "Marama" absolutism.

taputapu Bourgeois, aua, kua wehea ki:

• manapori;
• Fascist;
• hōia me ngā pirihimana;
• Bonapartist.

Whakarōpū o tikanga whakahaere tōrangapū SA Komarov

aratau SA Komarov E wehewehe ana te kaha o te iwi ki:

• pononga;
• feudal;
• bourgeois;
• manapori hapori.

E wehea tikanga whakahaere Antidemocratic e enei kaupapa here i:

• totalitarian;
• Fascist;
• Ngātuere,.

Te whakamutunga, i roto i te tahuri, kua wehea ki takitahi (despotism, faatîtîraa, aratau mana takitahi) me ngā (te oligarchy me kāhui).

tikanga whakahaere Tōrangapū i te wā nei

I te wā hakari e whakapono reira e manapori - te aratau tino matatau, rite te ātete ki tetahi undemocratic. e kore te mea tika katoa tenei. taunakitanga Historical fokotu'u e āhua fakatikitato (he tetahi wahi) tino tōtika te tīariari, ka mahi ratou mahi, mo te tauira i roto i nga People o Democratic Republic o Korea. I tua atu ki tenei, e taea te nuinga Totalitarianism ki te whakaoreore i te taupori katoa o te kāwanatanga i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i etahi (kore iti nui, me te uaua) raruraru o te kāwanatanga.

Hei tauira, i taea ki te riro i roto i ngā mahi hōia ki Nasí Germany te Soviet Union, ahakoa totalitarian Germany i te timatanga o ngā mahi hōia tino nui ona mana o te mana hōia ā-. I roto i nga tau kaumātua, kua hanga tenei ara pāpori-ture te tupu ōhanga record o te USSR. Ahakoa, ki te i tutuki tenei nui utu. Ko te kupu, totalitarian me aratau mana e te āhuatanga rite taha pai kino ranei.