Hauora, Diseases me ngā Here
Tūkinotanga o thermoregulation o te tinana: take me tohu
Ko mōhio o te oraraa o te taua mea rite pāmahana tinana takitaha o tatou. I roto i ngā pakeke hauora, kia kia tona mahi i roto i te whānuitanga 36-37 ° C. Momo i roto i rānei aronga ki te tohu i te takanga o mate o tetahi etiology takahi ranei o thermoregulation o te rauropi. Tenei huru Ko te mate, rite taua, he kore, Heoi, e taea ki te meinga destabilization o nga okana me ngā pūnaha, ara mate. Thermoregulation kaha ki te whai kararehe mahana te toto katoa, tae atu ki ngā tangata. Tenei mahi, ko te ki te whakatakoto me te paari i roto i te akoranga o te kukuwhatanga. fakafekau'aki te reira i te tukanga o te pākia e, e āhei reira ki te urutau ki te tikanga o te ao i waho, reira te āwhina ki kaiao ora ki te whawhai mo tona oraraa. Ia takitahi, ahakoa o te momo, tūnga, tau ranei, kitea katoa tuarua te ki te taiao, me i roto i tona tinana tonu puta pinepine o tauhohe rerekē. enei tukanga katoa whakapataritari rerekē i roto i te pāmahana tinana, e, engari mo te thermoregulation, whakahaere ratou, e arahi ki te whakangaromanga o whekau takitahi me te tinana katoa. Fele, te mea e tupu, no te reira te mea he takahi o thermoregulation. kia kia tino rerekē i te faufaa ore ki hauhauaitu nui CNS disorders, thyroid hypothalamus ranei nga take o tenei mate. Ki te mate ana i taua pūnaha mate thermoregulation pakari painga me ona mahi ki fakatonutonu te āhuatanga, he mea e tika ana ki te hamani i te mate whāriki. Ki te pakaru te thermoregulation e i roto i te tangata hauora, me te take mo e ko te tikanga waho pērā i te rangi, e hiahia ana koe ki te e taea ki te whakarato i tenei ki te pārurenga āwhina tuatahi. E mea pinepine pānga reira ratou hauora, me te ora i mua nei. Tenei tuhinga whakarato ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhua o te ture o te pāmahana tinana, e tohu nga tohu i te kore i roto i te thermoregulation, me tetahi mahi i roto i tenei take, e hiahia ana koe ki te tango i.
Āhuatanga pāmahana tinana
Tūkinotanga thermoregulation veteki ki pāmahana tinana. Nuinga o ngā wā, kua whanganga reira i roto i te kēkē, te wahi te tikanga riro i te reira ki te kia 36,6 ° C. He tohu o te wera i roto i te tinana tenei uara me kia tamau koiora.
Tūkinotanga o thermoregulation o te āhuatanga kaiao o te whakanui ake whakaiti nga uara pāmahana tinana ranei. He he he mārama ngā o ona uara o runga me raro, ki tua atu e kore e taea e koutou te haere, no te mea arata'i te reira ki te mate. I roto i etahi tangata whakaora e taea ora, ki te tuku iho tona pāmahana tinana ki te 25 ° C ranei whakatika ki te 42 ° C, ahakoa i reira e ora take i raro i ngā uara atu tino.
Ko te ariā o te thermoregulation
Conventionally, kia kia māngai te tinana tangata i roto i te puka o te matua ki te pāmahana taimau, me te anga, te wahi taui te reira. Ko te tukanga pata puta rite ki te hua o nei tukua wera te. Na roto i te anga i waenganui i te taiao o waho, me te matua utu wera. Ko te pūtake wera ko te kai e pau tatou i runga i te rā. A, no te tukatuka kai, hāora o te ngako, pūmua, waiwaro, i.e., tauhohe o pākia. I roto i to ratou akoranga, a hanga e production wera. Ko te ngako o te thermoregulation ko ki te mau tonu i te toenga i waenganui i te utu wera me te hanganga o te wera. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ki ko te pāmahana tinana i roto i te whānuitanga noa, me hoatu te anga reo wera rite te roa rite ki te hanga e te reira i roto i te matua. puta Tūkinotanga o thermoregulation tinana, ina i reira te mea he tupu te utu o te wera, ranei, i runga i te anga ke, hanga ana e ia te reira nui atu atu i te anga taea ki te kawe ki te taiao.
kia tika ki tenei:
- ngā āhuatanga taiao (wera rawa ranei matao rawa);
- nui haere fiznagruzok;
- e kore kakahu rangi e tika ana;
- tango etahi rongoa;
- waipiro horomanga;
- aroaro o te mate (dystonia, puku roro, mate huka insipidus, ngā syndromes arā o te hypothalamus, raruraru thyrotoxic me ētahi atu).
Thermoregulation i roto i ara e rua:
1. Chemical.
2. Tinana.
Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.
Ko te tikanga matū
Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te hononga i waenganui i te nui o te wera hangaia i roto i te tinana, me te tere o tauhohe putawera. momo matū ngā rua ara o te pupuri i te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana - contractile me thermogenesis kore-e wiriwiri.
haamata Contractile ki te mahi i te mea e tika ana ki te whakapiki ake i te pāmahana tinana, hei tauira i te rongo ki te matao. kite tatou i te reira na roto i te whakatairanga i te makawe i runga i te tinana mā te rere "fepulopulasi kuihi", e he moroiti-te wiri ranei. Ka taea e ratou ake i te hanga wera ki 40%. I roto i te haupapa atu kino timata tatou ki te wiri. he mea rite tikanga thermoregulation i roto i i nui haere whakatupuranga o te wera te pā ana ki 2.5 wa ano hoki tenei. Haunga whakautu pūpū tumu ki matao, iwi neke, ka taea e ia whakaara te pāmahana i roto i to koutou tinana. puta Tūkinotanga o thermoregulation i roto i tenei take, ka he roa rawa te rongo ki te matao, ranei he iti rawa te pāmahana, hua i roto i te faaitoitoraa o te utu kore ki te whakaputa i te nui e hiahiatia ana o te wera o tauhohe. I roto i te rongoā, ka karanga te huru hauhauaitu.
ai thermogenesis e Mongamonga, puritia e te kahore te whai wāhitanga o te uaua. pakanga pākia te ranei whakatere i raro i te mana o etahi teuteu hauora, ki te nui haere te hanga o hormones i roto i te repe thyroid me medulla adrenal, ki rahi mahi o te pūnaha io pukuaroha. Take o te thermoregulation tangata i roto i tenei takoto take i roto i te mate i runga-whakahuatia o te okana thyroid repe, te pūnaha io pokapū, takahi o te mahi adrenal. mahi tonu ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te huringa i roto i te pāmahana i roto i te CNS. Kei pokapū Heat te i roto i te wāhanga iti o te roro takawaenga, te hypothalamus. Kei te taratahi te reira i rohe mua haepapa mō te utu wera, me te muri, te kawenga mō te hanga o te wera. CNS māuiuitanga pōrearea o te hypothalamus ranei ofati te mahi tahi o enei wahi, e pēhia pā te thermoregulation.
Ko te kaha o te wera, me i tua atu, awe etahi mahi iaia e hormones T3 me T4 thyroid. I roto i te āhua tonu i roto i te tikanga ki te te tiaki wera, constrict oko, a ki te whakaiti i te reira, whakawhānui. Kua whakaaturia kaipūtaiao California e taea hormones "pokanoa" oko, meinga ratou kia kore ki te whakautu ki te nui o te wera hangaia me te hiahia mo tona tinana. I roto i te mahi hauora, maha kitea takahi o thermoregulation i roto i tūroro pāngia ki te puku roro ranei thyrotoxic raruraru.
Ko te tikanga-tinana
Kei a ia te mahi o mate ki te taiao, kawea nei i roto i na maha ngā tikanga wera:
1. iraruke. Ko reira noa ki tinana katoa me ngā kaupapa, te pāmahana o te mea nui ake i te kore. Radiation he ngaru hiko i roto i te whānuitanga pōkākā. I te pāmahana o te 20 ° C, me te 60% haumākū, ngaro pakeke 50% o tona mahana.
2. āriponga, e te tikanga parekura wera i te makariri ki te ahanoa pa. Tei te reira i runga i te rohe o te papa whakapā me te roanga whakapā.
tikanga 3. iakawe tautauā o te tinana e matūriki o te reo (hau, te wai). Taua matūriki pā tinana tango wera, me te wera whakatika ake, hoatu wahi ki te matūriki hou makariri.
4. Ko te whakaetonga. he maheni katoa ki te werawera, me te te whakaetonga o makuku i te mucous i roto i te kupukupu tenei.
I roto i te horopaki o te ngoikore ki te whakamahi i enei tikanga i reira ko te takahi o thermoregulation o te tinana. kia rerekē te take mo tenei. Ko te kupu, iakawe me te āriponga mate ki te kia heke ki te kore, ranei ki te hipoki te tangata i roto i te tangency kakahu hāunga ki te rangi ranei, tetahi atu ahanoa, me te whakaetonga kahore he taea i 100% haumākū. I te tahi atu te ringa, arata'i hoki he whakahohenga wera nui ki te ngangau o te thermoregulation. Hei tauira, iakawe whakarei e te hau, me te whakanui ake toutou i roto i te wai matao. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga take he aha noa mohio iwi pehea ki te kauhoe pai, mate i roto i paeārautanga.
Thermoregulation i roto i te paari
titiro matou i runga ake, he aha e te thermoregulation o te tinana me te take o maumaui tangata, engari kahore tango ki ngā āhuatanga pūkete tau. Heoi, ki te kaha o te iwi te whakahaere i te pāmahana tinana i roto i te rerekē te ora.
E whakaiti iwi Old pūhanga o te hypothalamus, e mahi ana i te aromatawai o ambient pāmahana. e kore tika ite ratou i te tu matao i runga i te papa huka, e kore ano hoki te whakautu tonu ki te wai wera, hei tauira, i roto i te ua. Na reira, ngāwari e taea e ratou te kino ratou (supercooled, scalds). Ua itehia e, e kore e te iwi pakeke ara amuamu e pā ana ki te matao, huru kino, puta reira te riri groundless, a ka hanga e koe a ratou i te āhuarangi whakamarie enei kino "tohu" katoa o te āhua o te heke taipāpā ngaro ranei.
I te wa ano, kei te mīti maha iwi tawhito noa ki pāmahana rangi tika whakamarie. maha e taea te kite ratou i te ra raumati mahana kakahu i roto i te hotoke. E tika ana ki disorders circulatory me te heke i roto i ngā taumata pūtoto huringa peheé thermoregulation.
iwi tawhito e kore anake te matao, engari huru ahua rerekē te wera, me te. I pāmahana ambient tiketike, sweating tīmata ratou i muri mai, me te he pōturi mahi paerewa fakafoki mai pāmahana tinana. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te tohu o te hauhauaitu pukā ranei, timata ratou ki te puta i muri atu i roto i te taitamariki, a he uaua atu whakaora o te tinana.
Tūkinotanga o thermoregulation i roto i te tamaiti
Hoki te tinana o te tamaiti āhuatanga e ētahi atu āhuatanga o te pūnaha o te thermoregulation. I roto i te whanau hou ko reira rawa tia ore. E whanau kohungahunga ki te pāmahana tinana i roto i te whānuitanga o 37,7 ° C - 38,2 ° C. Hili ha ngaahi houa taka reira e pā ana ki 2 ° C, a ka ano tae 37 ° C, e kore e kia meinga āwangawanga. kia tohu reiti Higher te timatanga o tetahi mate. kia te huru tia ore o te mahi o te pūnaha thermoregulation i roto i nga kohungahunga kia utua e te hanganga o ia hei te tikanga makariri. Ko te kupu, Me ki runga ki te 1 marama i roto i ngā tamariki ki te mau tonu te pāmahana rangi 32 ° C - 35 ° C, ki te mahia te tamaiti te, me 23 ° C - 26 ° C, ki te reira zapelenut. Whakaongaonga thermoregulation Me ki te tīmata ki te māmā - e kore e ki te kakahu i te pōtae ki runga ki te matenga. I roto i ngā tamariki pakeke ake i te 1 marama, kua heke te paerewa pāmahana e pā ana ki 2 ° C.
Tamariki whanau materoto whai raruraru atu nui ki tauwehe, na i roto i te ra tuatahi, wiki, me te tahi mau taime i roto i a ratou i roto i te pūtau motuhake. whawhe katoa ki a ratou, tae atu aho, horoi i te kai, me te hoki kawea atu i roto i cuvettes.
stabilizes te reira i te mana pāmahana tinana tau 8 anake o tau.
Tūkinotanga o thermoregulation i roto i te tamaiti e taea puta mo te take e whai ake nei:
- depressing pānga i runga i hypothalamus (hypoxia fetal, hypoxia kano, whētuki intracranial i roto i whanau);
- congenital māuiuitanga CNS;
- hauhauaitu;
- pukā (tākainga nui);
- taero (beta-blockers);
- huringa āhuarangi (tupu ina e haere koe tahi ki ngā mātua o kohungahunga).
I roto i nga kohungahunga whakaaro te pāmahana whanganga i roto i te kēkē e noa i roto i te whānuitanga o i 36,4 ° C ki te 37,5 ° C. kia tohu uara raro pohokore, iti hoki iaia. uara Higher Tohua tupu i roto i te mumura tinana.
Tohu o te hauhauaitu thermoregulation
Tei runga i te take o te arā i roto i te mana o te pāmahana tinana, i reira e ngā tohu o te takahi o thermoregulation o te tinana. timata Tohu o supercooling hauhauaitu ranei ki te faaite mai i roto i whakaiti pāmahana tinana i raro i 35 ° C. Ka taea e te kāwanatanga pērā puta i roto i te rongo auroa ki te rangi maeke ranei i roto i te wai. Hoki te tangata toharite o te pāmahana wai i roto i te whānuitanga o 26-28 ° C whakaaro manakohia te, i.e., taea e te mea feunga roa. Na roto i te whakaiti i te wa o enei tohu, e taea e i roto i te reo wai kahore kino ki te hauora, heke tino. Hei tauira, i te t = 18 ° C e kore nui ake 30 meneti.
Hauhauaitu, i runga i te whīwhiwhi o te rere rānei, ngā toru kaupae:
- te marama (pāmahana tinana i 35 ° C ki te 34 ° C);
- toharite (t = 34 ° C ki te 30 ° C);
- nui (t = 30 ° C ki te 25 ° C).
Tohu o te puka ngawari:
- fepulopulasi kuihi;
- cyanosis;
- te wiri te tinana;
- hāhā o te manawa;
- i ētahi wā i reira he he hua i roto i ngā uara pēhanga toto.
I roto i te ofatiraa atu o ngā tukanga thermoregulation te ahu whakamua.
Ko te tohu taua pärurenga:
- pēhanga toto iti;
- bradycardia;
- hāhā o te manawa;
- constriction o nga tamariki;
- mutunga o rutetetete i te tinana;
- ngaro o te mamae tūtohutanga;
- inhibition o reflexes;
- mate o te mahara;
- pōroa.
Maimoatanga o hauhauaitu
Ki te, e tika ana ki te supercooling takahi i puta thermoregulation o te tinana, kia hāngai maimoatanga i te whakanui ake i te pāmahana tinana. I roto i te hauhauaitu ngawari whai tika enei kaupae:
- haere ki te wahi mahana;
- inu tea wera;
- mirimiri nga waewae, me te hoatu ki runga ki tōkena mahana;
- tango i te pati wera.
Ki te kore e taea te hohoro te tiki koe ki wera, he mea e tika ana ki te timata nekehanga hohe - pekepeke, komukumuku ringa (e kore e te hukarere), miro, i tetahi mahi tinana.
āwhina Tuatahi hoki te ofatiraa tuarua o thermoregulation, kia rawa toru tohu e whakaratohia iwi tata rite taea te pārurenga kore tiaki o ratou. Ko te hātepe ko:
- ki te nuku i te tangata ki te mahana;
- tere ki te tango atu ona kakahu;
- iti miria te tinana;
- ki te roropi ake i roto i te paraikete, a kahore he breathable pai papanga;
- ki te kore e nekehia a horomia pūpū, inu wai mahana (tea, hupa, wai, e kore te waipiro!).
Ki te taea, e hiahia ana koe ki te karanga i te waka tūroro me te kawe i te manawanui ki te hōhipera, te wahi e kia kawea maimoatanga i ki te whakamahi o relaxants uaua, Pë, antihistamines me taero anti-inflammatory, huaora. I roto i ētahi wā, kawea atu whakaora, i ētahi wā he mea e tika ana ki te pororere wahi frostbitten.
I roto i te tamariki, puta te takanga o te hauhauaitu tino maha. A, no te supercooling Me ratou tākainga mahana, hoatu pouaka waiu mahana ranei. tikanga pai o te whakaongaonga thermoregulation e fakafefeka'i, kia mau te mau metua te tamaiti i roto i te tuatahi o nga marama o te ora. I ngā wāhanga tuatahi ko reira rangi pati me rangi hou. I muri tāpiri waewae kakahu tamaroraa mākū, horoi ki te wai matao, kaukau ki te hekenga āta i roto i te pāmahana wai, e haere ana hu.
tūāhuruiti
Ko tata tonu te ara i roto i te pāmahana te tinana, tūāhuruiti ranei te takahi o thermoregulation o te tinana. kia te take e whai ake:
- He maha mate (whētuki, mate, mumura, dystonia);
- auroa te rongo ki te ra;
- kakahu, ārai werawera;
- ahotea;
- nui haere mahi tinana;
- opue.
Ki te he tohu o te mate (mare, disorders gastrointestinal, amuamu o mamae i roto i te whekau, me ētahi atu) i te manawanui, me te whakatau i te reira i te raupapa o ngā whakamātautau tātaritanga ki te whakatau i te take o te pāmahana whakatika:
- whakamātautau toto;
- tātaritanga mimi;
- X-hihi;
- ECG;
- ultrasound.
Ka pāngia, kawea maimoatanga i roto whakakitea te mate e Kia whakahokia whakarara te pāmahana tinana ki uara noa.
Ki te tika ki te pukā puta thermoregulation ngangau, maimoatanga he ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga mo te faaho'iraa mai o te mahi pūnaha tinana pāngia. A, no te tohu rangiroro i te rā taua:
- ahuatanga;
- ānini;
- whakapairuaki;
- kirika;
- nui haere sweating;
- i ētahi wā haehae, mate o mahara, me nosebleeds.
Me whakanohoia te pārurenga i roto i te wahi raumati (pai moenga, ka ara te waewae), me:
- i runga i te Unuhia rite taea;
- muru te tinana ki te kakahu haukū;
- hoatu i runga i te kōpeke makariri rae;
- inu i te wai tote hauhautanga.
Ko Heat patunga o toru momo o te kaha:
- (nui haere te pāmahana tinana paku) te marama;
- toharite (t = 39 ° C ki te 40 ° C);
- nui (t = 41 ° C ki te 42 ° C).
whakakitea puka Easy te ānini, ngoikore, rohirohi, manawa tere, tachycardia. Ka rite ki maimoatanga e taea te tango i te ua hauhautanga me te inu i te wai kohuke.
Tūkinotanga o thermoregulation o te tinana tangata i roto i te waenganui o te puka whakaaturia taua tohu:
- ngoikore;
- whakapairuaki ki ruaki;
- ānini;
- tachycardia;
- i ētahi wā mate o te mahara.
Tohu o nui:
- te whakama ;
- haehae;
- pini thready auau;
- te kupukupu tonu auau, pāpaku;
- tangi muffled ngakau;
- kiri wera, me te maroke;
- anuria;
- horihori me moemoea;
- huringa i roto i te hanganga toto (whakaiti o te pūhau, te hua i roto i te tiomimi, me te hauota wäriu).
I ngā puka āhua, me te nui o te therapy kaha, tae atu i werohia "Promethazine" ranei "Diazepam" tohu o whakahaere Pë, neuroleptics, glycosides cardiac. I mua i te taenga mai o te waka tūroro me i mahia te pārurenga, horoia ki te wai matao, hoatu tio i roto i te kopu, peke, i runga i te rae me te kaki.
tarepa thermoregulation te whakararuraru,
kitea ana tēnei māuiuitanga e i roto i te pōrearea hypothalamic, a taea whakaatu rite hypo me tūāhuruiti.
take:
- māuiuitanga congenital;
- ngawhatanga;
- mate intracranial;
- te pānga o te radiation;
- pukuruaki;
- hārukiruki;
- pohokore;
- he maha atu o rino.
tohu:
- Kei te rite painga tonu tūroro, me te maeke me te mahana;
- topito tonu makariri;
- i roto i te ra tonu tamau te pāmahana;
- iti-kōeke kirika kore te urupare ki paturopi, glucocorticoids;
- e tukupu te pāmahana ki uara noa i muri i moe i muri i te fariiraa i sedatives;
- pāmahana hononga rerekē ki te ahotea psycho-aronganui;
- te tahi atu tohu o te pōrearea hypothalamic.
kawea maimoatanga i roto i runga i te pūtake o te raruraru ki te hypothalamus rānei. I roto i ētahi wā he rawaka ki te tautapa i te manawanui te kai tika i te reira, ētahi rapu taiki therapy, a i roto i te tuatoru - pokanga.
tohu hoki perfrigeration syndrome te ofatiraa o te thermoregulation. Ko te hunga e whai tenei syndrome e mīti tonu, ara i roto i te raumati. Ko te pāmahana i roto i tenei take maha noa paku piki, pumau roa me te tuhia iti-māka kirika ranei. Taua iwi kia tuku ohorere o te pēhanga, whakaora pini, i reira he disorders romahā me te sweating nui, ohorere hiahia me te hihiri. whakaatu Studies e te take o te perfrigeration syndrome he disorders i roto i te pūnaha io autonomic.
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