Wā Devonian o te wā Paleozoic

wā Devonian arowhenua (420 - 358 miriona tau ki muri) ko te timatanga o te Late Paleozoic. I taua wa i reira i maha ngā aahuatanga nui te awe te whanaketanga atu o te ora i runga i te whenua. tāuta pūnaha Devonian i roto i te tau 1839 e te kaimātai pūtaiao Arama Sedgwick me Roderick Murchison i roto i te mataeinaa Ingarihi o Devonshire, i muri nei te ingoa e huaina ai.

-mita

I runga i te eve o te ngaro papatipu Devonian puta te ao organic. He maha ngā momo, rawa whānui i roto i te ao, ahua mangu atu noa, ka ngaro. I roto i to ratou wahi i reira he rōpū hou o te kararehe tipu. Ko ratou te hunga e whakatau he aha te titiro rite nga me te ao kararehe o te wā Devonian.

He ko he tino revolution. Na kua whakawhanakehia te ora e kore e anake i roto i te moana, me tinana wai, engari ano hoki i runga i te whenua. vertebrates whenua whānui, me te otaota teretetiera. wā Devonian, nga me te ao kararehe i tonu ki te whanake, tohua e te putanga o nga tama a Amona tuatahi (cephalopods). ite te reira i ona bryozoans tino pokea ana, rugosa, etahi momo o brachiopods wahapū.

Life i roto i te moana

I runga i te whanaketanga o te ao waro kua awe kore anake te whanaketanga tūturu, engari ano hoki te āhuarangi o te wā Devonian, me te nekehanga nekeneke kaha, me te pānga o te wāhi (rite te katoa) huringa i roto i te tikanga o te nohonga. hei Life i te moana, kua ake kanorau rite whakaritea ki te Silurian. wā Devonian o te wā Paleozoic āhuatanga e te whanaketanga matua o ngā momo ika (etahi pūtaiao me i karanga te reira "wā ika"). I te wa ano i timata ai memenge tsistoidey, Nautiloidea, trilobites me graptolites.

tae maha mōrahi o whakatupuranga brachiopods wahapū. i spiriferidy, atripidy, rinhonellidy me terebratulidy Rawa rerekē. Momo momonatanga me te rerekētanga tere i roto i te wa taa ê brachiopods. Ko te nui tino mo mokoroa, ka whai wāhi i roto i te tuakitanga taipitopito o putunga tohunga pūtaiao tenei rōpū.

wā Devonian, kararehe me ngā tipu e kitea nei i te rerenga kētanga nui i roto i te rite ki te wā o mua, ka tahuri atu ki te hei nui mo te whanaketanga o te wheo. Fakataha ki bryozoans stromatoporoideyami ka anga ratou ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i te hanga o ākau. I āwhina ratou e te momo o te pükohu calcareous, i nohoia nei e te moana Devonian.

Hātaretare me vertebrates

I roto i te hātaretare tipu ostracods, merostomes, tentaculites, blastoids, rengarenga moana, kina moana, kāri, gastropods me Conodonts. E ai ki nga toenga o nga tohunga whakamutunga ki te i tenei ra te whakatau i te tau o toka parataiao.

wā Devonian tohua e te faufaa te whakanui ake o vertebrates. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, ko reira "Century ika" - Armoured, he hiroki, a noho ika cartilaginous te tūranga ngoi. Mai i tenei Panuku papatipu ki te rōpū New. Ko ratou kaiao ika-rite jawless. He aha e tupu enei vertebrates? Hei tauira, he plastinokozhih me ika Armoured hipoki utumu mua, me te matenga i ki anga paruru matotoru - he tautohe whakatakotoria i roto i te pakanga mo te ora. rerekē ēnei mea āhua sedentary. I roto i te waenganui o te Devonian kihai i wheua ngohe anake, engari Akulovo. Ko te tūranga tino nohoia ratou a muri mai - i roto i te Mesozoic.

otaota

I te tahuri, kua wehea i te wā Devonian Silurian, rahi whakato uru ki te whenua. timata te reira i to ratou whakanohonoho tere, me te urutaunga ki te ora teretetiera hou. Wawe a Sredniy Devon haere i raro i te ture i runga i te whenua o ngā tipu iaia tahito Rhyniophyta e tupu i roto i ngā wāhi reporepo. Na roto i te mutunga o te wā kua keto ratou wahi katoa. I roto i te Middle Devonian vai kua tipu spore (chlenistostebelnye, Lycopodiaceae me kaponga).

puta gymnosperms tuatahi. tipu rakau riki ki te rakau. Rawa kaha horahia kaponga heterosporous. Fele hurihia otaota whakawhanakehia i roto i te rohe takutai, te wahi i reira ko he āhuarangi mahana, ngawari me te takawai. Distance i moana o te whenua i taua wa te tīari tonu, kahore tetahi otaota.

āhuarangi

āhuatanga te wā Devonian e te mārama taurohenga o āhuarangi whakaritea ki te timatanga o te Paleozoic. Te Tai Rāwhiti Evopeyskaya pūhara me Ural i roto i te rohe weheruatanga ao (toharite pāmahana 28 - 31 ° C), Caucasus - whitiki pārūrū (23 - 28 ° C). Kei te pēra i Western Ahitereiria.

āhuarangi maroke (koraha maroke āhuarangi) whakapumautia i roto i Canada. I tenei wa i roto i te rohe o te kawanatanga o Saskatchewan ko Alberta, me rite i roto i te peihana awa Mackenzie ko te tukanga kaha o te whakaeminga tote. Tenei tohu motuhake i roto i Amerika Te Tai Tokerau i mahue i muri i te wā Devonian. Kohuke whiwhi i roto i te tahi atu rohe. I runga i te Siberian Pūhara tetahi putorino kimberlite kua putunga taimana nui.

rohe mākū

I roto i te mutunga o te Devonian i roto i Eastern Siberia hua Humidification tīmata, no te mea o nei i reira puta paparanga taonga i roto i te waikura konupora me ngā waihā rino. I te wa ano i āhuatanga o ētahi o ngā wāhanga o Gondwana (Uruguay, Argentina, Tonga Australia) āhuarangi takawai. ka whakanuia e ia i te haumākū nui, e taka ua nui atu taea taime ki te oneone, me te whakaeto.

I roto i enei rohe (rite te pai rite i roto i te raki-rawhiti, me Ahia tonga) noho huānga ākau putu limestones ākau. I roto i te Peraruhia, ki Kazakhstan me Siberia whakaturia he makuku tāupe. I roto i te tīmatanga o i hanga Devonian he maha nui o harotoroto āhua-tawhiti, me te taratahi i roto i i taratahi complexes i kararehe. Na roto i te mutunga o te wā o te rerekētanga i waenganui i te timatanga ki te a'oi.

kohuke

Te Devonian i roto i ngā rohe ki te climates takawai kua hanga e te tawhito tino i roto i te kaimono waro ao. Ēnei putunga ngā putunga i roto i Norway, ko Timan. Na roto i te hinu, me te hau hoki e amo ana Horizons Devonian ko Pechora me Täingäwai-Urals rohe. Ka taea e te taua te mea o putunga rite US, Canada, te Sahara me te takotoranga wai Amazon.

I tenei wa, i roto i te Urals me i Tatarstan tīmata ki te hanga i rāhui o ore rino. I roto i te rohe ki te āhuarangi maroke i hanga whenei matotoru o te tau hopi (Canada ko Peraruhia). Kua arahina faaiteraa puia ki te haaputuputuraa o tokahuke parahi-pyrite i roto i te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus me i nga titahatanga rāwhiti o te Urals. Tetahi mata-konutea me te rino-konupora tāpui i Central Kazakhstan.

tectonics

Na roto i te timatanga o te Devonian i te rohe Te Tai Tokerau Atlantic, a ka tīmata hanganga maunga kurae (Northern Greenland, Northern Tien Petehana, Altai). Kei Euramerica i taua wa i roto i ahopae weheruatanga ao, Siberia, Korea me China - i roto i te ahopae hitahita. I katoa Gondwana i te tuakoi tonga.

i hanga Euramerica i te timatanga o te Devonian. Ko te take hoki tona takanga ko te kopuratanga o Eastern Europe me Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. Tenei fenua ite kohi kaha (ki te whānuitanga wehewehe hiwi nui). Products o tona horo (i roto i te puka o parataiao māhurehure whero) putu i Britain, Greenland, Spitsbergen ko Scandinavie. Ki te hanganga hou takai maunga (pūnaha puninga o te Appalachians Northern ko Newfoundland), takatakai'i te raki-uru, me te tonga Euramerica.

Te nuinga o te Te Tai Rāwhiti Pākehā Pūhara ko te iti iti watersheds pukepuke. Anake i roto i te raki e tata ana te Ingarangi-Scandinavian whitiki pūkoro whakanohoia maunga iti me nga pukepuke nui. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te wā Devonian, i waipuke e te moana te wahi iti rawa o te tūāpapa Te Tai Rāwhiti Pākehā. I runga i nga mania takutai horapa whero-tae. I raro i ngā tikanga o te salinity tiketike i roto i te wahi pokapū o te putunga dolomite, gypsum, toka tote peihana moana putu.