Waikawa Hydrobromic. Methods o te faaineineraa, tinana me ngā āhuatanga matū

waikawa Hydrobromic (i huaina ano hoki hauwai pūkeha) - ko te pūhui pararopi o hauwai (H) me te pūkeha (Br). Ko te hau te huitahi, e hanga he rupehu i roto i te rangi hou.

He aha e nga tikanga o te whiwhi pūkeha hauwai

No te mea o te tohu tiketike o te waikawa oxidizability bromovodoronoy, e kore e taea te whiwhi ona pānga i te tikanga o te waikawa pungatara kukū ki bromides maitai alkali. puta te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:

2KBr (pāhare pāporo pūkeha) + 2N2SO4 (waikawa pungatara) = K2SO4 (pāhare pāporo pūkawa ngāwha) + SO2 (whanariki waikura) + Br2 (pūkeha muingota) + 2H2O (wai)

1. I roto i te ahumahi whiwhi waikawa pērā i hydrobromic, kawea atu e te tauhohenga i ai nga mea timatanga wāhanga huru. Hei tauira, kei te whakaaro matou e taea te whiwhi te taonga e whai ake:

H2 (hauwai muingota) + Br2 (pūkeha muingota) = 2HBr (waikawa hydrobromic)

Ko te taea i te pāmahana o te 200 ki te 400 nekehanga tēnei tauhohenga.

2. Ko e taea hoki ki te whiwhi i te waikawa hydrobromic i roto i te vitro me i maha ngā huarahi.

- i te paparetanga pentabromide ūkuikui tribromide ranei:

PBr3 (tribromide) + 3H2O (e toru ngā rāpoi wai) = H3PO3 (waikawa phosphoric) + 3HBr (waikawa hydrobromic, tātai matū)
PBr5 (pentabromide) + 4H2O (rāpoi wai wha) = H3PO4 (waikawa phosphoric) + 5HBr (hauwai pūkeha)

- i te whakaiti o te pūkeha:

3Br2 (rāpoi toru pūkeha) + S (whanariki) + 4H2O (wai) = (he taea tauhohenga i te pāmahana o te 100-150 nekehanga) H2SO4 (waikawa pungatara) + 6HBr (hauwai pūkeha)
3Br2 (rāpoi toru pūkeha) + KNO2 (pāhare pāporo nitrite) + 4H2O (wai) = KNO3 (pāhare pāporo pākawa) + 2HBr (hauwai pūkeha)

- te tikanga displacing ki waikawa memeha i bromides whakarewa alkali:

KBr (pāhare pāporo pūkeha) + H2SO4 (waikawa pungatara) = KHSO4 (pāhare pāporo hydrogensulfate) + HBr (tukua rite te hau)

3. Ka rite ki te hauwai pūkeha e-hua e taea te whiwhi i roto i te kōtuitui o organic pūhui bromoproizvodnyh.

Ko te āhuatanga ōkiko o te hauwai pūkeha:

1. waikawa hydrobromic - he hau kahore te tae he he kakara kino, me te titohea. Kaha momi i te rangi. He he ātete tiketike ki pāmahana.

2. Well rewa i roto i H2O (te wai), me te waihā ki te hanga i te kawehiko. Ko te otinga HBr waiwai hanga he azeotrope e whewhe i te pāmahana o 124 nekehanga. I roto i te kotahi rita o te wai memeha āhua i te hawhe rita o te hauwai pūkeha (i 0 nekehanga).

3. kia rite te tukanga o te meangiti te wairewa o hydrates tioata hauwai pūkeha kia rite whai: HBr * H2O, HBr * 2H2O, HBr * 4H2O.

4. Clean momo pūkeha tioata o te pūnaha karaihe orthorhombic, rōpū wāhi F mmm.

5. I te pāmahana o -66,8 nekehanga riro wai, a i - 87 nekehanga solidifies.

āhuatanga matū o te hauwai pūkeha:

1. waikawa puka hydrobromic mā te tauhohe i ki te wai ko te waikawa kaha monobasic. Tenei tauhohenga ko e whai ake:

HBr + H2O (wai) = Br- (pūkeha anion) + H3O + (katote hauwai honowai)

2. Ko tēnei rauemi ātete ki pāmahana teitei, Heoi, i 1000 nekehanga e pā ana ki 0.5% o nga rāpoi ngota katoa he decomposed:

2HBr (waikawa hydrobromic) = H2 (hauwai muingota) + Br2 (pūkeha muingota)

3. whakapā Whakaaro te pūhui matū tauhohe ki te momo o konganuku rite te pai kia rite ki o ratou turanga, me waikura. Tauira o tauhohe:

2HBr + Mg (konupora) = MgBr2 (konupora pūkeha) + H2 (tukua rite te hau)
2HBr + cao (konupūmā waikura) = CaBr2 (konupūmā pūkeha) + H2O (wai)
HBr + NaOH (konutai waihā) = NaBr (konutai pūkeha) + H2O (wai)

Ko hoki 4. pūkeha he kaihoko whakaiti. Kei te oxidized te reira i roto i te rangi āta. Hoki tenei take, ona wairewa waiwai i muri i te ia peita i parauri. Ka pera te tauhohenga:

4HBr (waikawa hydrobromic) + O2 (hāora muingota) = 2Br2 (pūkeha muingota) + 2H2O (wai)

tono

whakamahia pūkeha te ki te waihanga i tētahi (ariā) o ngā pärönaki pūkeha organic me mo te faaineineraa o ngā bromides whakarewa. O te faufaa ngā he pūkeha hiriwa kua whakamahia i roto i te hanga o te kiriata rauemi whakaahua.

Kia pehea te he transportation

Nga ipurau 68, ranei te puritanga o 6.8 rita ki raro i te pēhanga o 24 atmospheres.