Waikura whanariki

tohaina whanariki i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua, e te reira te wahi ma ono i roto i te tahi atu āhuatanga. puta te reira i rua i roto i te āhua noa, a i roto i te puka here. He āhuatanga o tenei huānga matū āhuatanga konganuku. Ko tōna ingoa Latin «pūngāwhā», denoted S. ngā te huānga i roto i te katote rerekē o ngā pūhui e puka hāora hauwai me te / ranei maha matū no ki te akomanga o tai waikawa me waikura maha ia o e ai me tuku atu ki rite te ōkai whanariki ki te tua o pūāhua e tohu i te honohono,. kāwanatanga hāora i roto i nei whakaaturia reira ngā pūhui +6, +4, +2, 0, -1, -2. waikura whanariki mohiotia ki rerekē āhua piti hāora. Ko te tino noa - hauhā reira me te whanariki trioxide. He whanariki monoxide, a teitei (anake SO3) me nga waikura raro o tenei huānga Iti pai mōhiotia.

monoxide whanariki

Te pūhui pararopi i huaina whanariki waikura II, SO, ahua tenei pūhui ko te hau kanokore. Ki runga ki te whakapā ki a reira e kore he wairewa wai, a ka tauhohe ki reira. Ko te tino onge tenei pūhui, e puta anake i roto i te reo haurehu waihā onge. SO Ko thermodynamically iu muingota me te puta ki te tīmatanga S2O2, (tuku disulfur hau whanariki waikuratei ranei). He uaua ki te tino tautuhi te ati o te taonga no te mea o te tupu onge o te whanariki monoxide i roto i to tatou huru, me te pūmautanga iti o te rāpoi ngota. Otiia i roto i te puka waikura atu whātatahia hāngai ranei tahuri ki hauwai, i te mea ngā paitini, me te ha'iriiri. ko tino pūkākā (tenei rite te āhuatanga o te mewaro) e whiwhi e whanariki hāorarua hoki tenei pūhui - hau paitini. Pūngāwhā waikura kitea i pā ana ki 2 Io (tetahi o āmiorangi Hupita) i roto i te huru o Venus me te reo interstellar. Kei te riro te reira i taua i runga i Io, ko reira te hua o ngā tukanga puia me te ahomatū. He Basic tauhohe ahomatū e whai ake: e + S2 → S + SO me SO2 → SO + O.

te pūngāwhā hāora rua

Pūngāwhā waikura IV, whanariki hāorarua (SO2) ranei ko te hau te huitahi ki te ta'ota'o kakara koi. I te pāmahana o haunga te 10 C, haere reira ki te āhua wai, me i te pāmahana o haunga te 73 solidifies C. I 20 ° C i roto i te 1 rita o te wai memeha āhua 40 ngā pukapuka o SO2.

memeha ana tēnei waikura whanariki i roto i ngā puka wai waikawa sulfurous, ko tona anhydride rite: SO2 + H2O ↔ H2SO3.

pāhekoheko reira ki turanga, me waikura taketake: 2NaOH → SO2 + Na2SO3 + H2O me SO2 + cao → CaSO3.

Hoki ngā āhuatanga angamaheni o pūngāwhā hāora rua, me te māngai oxidizing me te kaihoko whakaiti. Kei te oxidized reira e hāora kōhauhau ki whanariki trioxide i te aroaro o te whakakōkī: SO2 + O2 → 2SO3. Ki te kaha māngai whakaiti pērā i hauwai sulfide, nui te tūranga o te āpitihāora: H2S + SO2 → S + H2O.

whakamahia pūngāwhā hāora rua e i roto i te ahumahi te nuinga mo te hanga o te waikawa pungatara. whakaputaina pūngāwhā hāora rua e whanariki rino ranei pyrites: 11O2 + 4FeS2 → 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2.

trioxide whanariki

Pūngāwhā waikura VI, whanariki trioxide (SO3) ranei ko te hua takawaenga me e kore mahu'inga motuhake. I roto i te ahua ko reira he wai taekore. whewhe reira i te pāmahana o te 45 C me i raro 17 te puta C ki te puranga tioata ma. Tenei waikura teitei o te whanariki (ki te tohu o te piti hāora o te whanariki ngota + 6) te āhuatanga e hygroscopicity tino. Ki te wai ngā reira waikawa pungatara: SO3 + H2O ↔ H2SO4. Rewa i roto i te wai, tuku hoki nui o te wera me te, ki te kahore tāpiri māmālie, me te nui o te waikura, na he pahū taea puta tonu. Ko ngāwari wairewa i roto i te waikawa pungatara kukū ki te hanga i oleum pūngāwhā trioxide. ihirangi SO3 o runga ki te 60% oleum. Hoki tenei pūhui whanariki āhuatanga e ngā āhuatanga katoa o te waikura waikawa.

Teitei me raro waikura o whanariki

Higher waikura whanariki kėia he rōpū o ngā pūhui matū ki te tātai SO3 + x, te wahi e taea x e 0 ranei 1. Kei peroxo (OO) me te āhuatanga rite ōkai SO3, tohu o te whanariki piti hāora +6 te SO4 waetahi waikura. Ka taea te hua tenei waikura whanariki i pāmahana iti (i raro 78 C) i roto i te SO3 tauhohenga me te hāora ngota photolysis o SO3 ranei i roto i te ranunga ki te pekerangi.

Lower waikura whanariki kėia he rōpū o pūhui matū arā o:

• SO (waikura whanariki me tona S2O2 dimer);
• S2O;
• monoxides ma'á whanariki (he pūhui huringa arā, o mowhiti i hanga e te ngota whanariki, kia ai n i 5 ki te 10);
• S7O2;
• waikura whanariki polymeric.

Interest i roto i te raro hua waikura whanariki. Ko tenei e tika ana ki te hiahia ki te ako i to ratou ihirangi roto i atmospheres teretetiera, me te extraterrestrial.