Whānau aster (Asteraceae): āhuatanga, whakaahua, me ngā māngai

Ko te pātai ka kia kotahi o nga hapu nui rawa i roto i dicotyledons - Asteraceae (Asteraceae). Kahore fakatokanga'i, e fehangahangai tatou ki ona māngai tata nga ra, - i te kāinga, i roto i te kīhini, a ki runga ki te ara. He Flowers aster whānau pea te tino noa i roto i to tatou moenga puawai me kari, a ko reira he wahi kīhini, kahore te hinu putirā.

whānau aster: āhuatanga whānui

Te whānau ngā he maha rawa nui o fanauraa, uaua ki te hoatu i te ahua tangohia, pae reira i 1100 ki te 1300, me te neke atu i te 20,000 ngā momo te nuinga o nga otaota pollinated e ngārara. Ko te wāhi o te tohatoha he whānui nui, kua kitea nga māngai o tenei hapu i roto i ngā rohe makariri katoa: i tropics wera, me te takawai ki te Tundra matao, tiketike i roto i nga maunga, me i te rohe o te moana. tupu ratou i runga i te oneone mangu hua i roto i te onepu koraha. whakaratohia he maha nui o ngā momo Astrov whanui tono ōhanga i roto i te ora o te tangata.

He āhuatanga motuhake o nga otaota katoa, e ngā te whānau Asteraceae - he inflorescence matatini - he kete e ngā o maha puawai iti me te inconspicuous, engari tahi hanga ake e ratou he pikitia tino mīharo.

Ko te hanganga o te puawai

Ko te ingoa o te inflorescence rite korero reira hoki ano: he kete, ka i reira he he tetahi kaha, rānei te nei takai. Raukaha - kua atu ki te mutunga o te tāpua, kia ai taua mea flat, koropuku kōpapa ranei. Just i runga taua mea, me i reira e maha puawai iti. Na a tawhio karapotia katoa e tetahi atu ranei rarangi o emiemi. Kei te wehea nga puawai katoa o te whānau ki rima ngā momo:

• Tubular, maha androgynous me nui iti takatāpui. He te āhua o te ngongo e toro ki te mutunga ranei he alangá.
• puawai Lozhnoyazychkovye - e hanga e ratou na roto i te jointing nga puawai e toru me te whai i te taua maha o niho tikanga i runga i te mata runga.
• Reed - corolla āhua kua he ngongo poto e afe mei te ware, tauta tahi. Ka rite ki te tikanga, to ratou rima pūtawa me kotahi pistil.
• Funnelform - puawai āhua asymmetrical, kei te kaha whakarei genderless, ngongo corolla rite te roa i te mutunga (kōrere).
• puawai e rua-kukutai - corolla ngongo roa nui, a kua piko ai e te ripa e rua (ngutu). Kia taua-ranei taera rua.

Ki te tangohia e tatou mo te tauira, te taua putirā, kua taunga ki te kite i te reira rite te puawai timera me ataahua motuhake katoa o tatou. Ko he tino he i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te huaota tenei. Mai i roto i te vairaa mau ko reira he inflorescence, e kei neke atu i te 1,000 puawai takitahi iti (tubular), me puawai whanui, me te karaka kanapa kōwhai ranei - he puawai kakaho. whakahaere Koinei matatini, te wahine whakatarapi, te āhua o te whakaaro ki te taipitopito iti.

Māngai o te whānau i te puawai tātai e whai ake nei:

* Ca _{(0, tauta)} Co ₍₅₎ A ₍₅₎ G _(2).

Ko reira angamaheni mo te whānau katoa Asteraceae. Tātai puawai deciphered e whai ake: puawai taera rua i te maha o ngā rererangi o hangarite, puku, corolla o rima puawai, pūtawa 5, e rua pistil, kura kākano mo ratou.

Ko te hanganga o te rau me te pakiaka

Ka taea te mea te hanganga o te rau anake i roto i ngā whānui, rite ko reira rawa he rōpū nui o ngā tipu e whakaratohia ana e ngā puka ora. purapura putirā, baradane, tumatakuru, asters me zinnias, Hiruharama ātitioka, rakau āhua, yarrow, gerberas me maha atu - te hapu katoa aster. He āhuatanga whānui ko e te whakaritenga o rau, te tikanga auau, engari kia kia wā kotahi i taha ritenga. Ko te āhuatanga me te āhua rerekē i runga i te rawa whānui ngā i te torutoru mitamano ki runga ki te 2-3 mita. māngai venation o te whānau te nuinga matahuru. Ka taea e te rau e te pakeketanga, te tohu o te pakeke rerekē, maha ngā tipu tataramoa i.

Kei te pai te whakawhanakehia e te pakiaka, me te nuinga o te tipu he hanganga pütake (pai whakawhanakehia-taproot me tokomaha paranasal). Hei tauira, he reira rawaka ki haamana'o te māngai angamaheni o te whānau - aihere, ki a ia, me tona pūnaha pakiaka maheni ki he tokomaha. A taea te thickened whakarerekētanga ki kōpura haamana'oraa, hei tauira i baradane.

He aha hua he tipu aster whānau?

Asteraceae (Asteraceae) ko nga achenes hua. He maroke te reira, kei te purapura kotahi. Pericarp me kiriuka ka kore te maoa pakaru. mātauranga whānui i runga i achene makawe rerekē, haurangi o matau taketake, i roto i te tahuri whai wāhi ki te horapa o purapura i roto i te hau (aihere, te taru kawa), me te kararehe kakahu o te iwi (raupapa, baradane) ranei.

puka Asteraceae Life

E māngai puka Life tata i roto i tonu, a ko tenei matua e tika ana ki te wāhi tohatoha nui, engari tonu maheremoka (Asteraceae) - te reira te nuinga tipu herbaceous (ā-tau te koiora ranei). rerekē āhuatanga i roto i te whānuitanga whānui - i tino iti ki māngai nui o te maha mita te teitei.

He maha ngā momo he rakau iti ranei rakau rawa rahi faahiahia (ki runga, ki te 5-8 mita i roto i te tiketike). Hei tauira, melampodium marsh, Māori ki te maku, ngahere repo o Louisiana i te United States.

He māngai me i roto i te rakau i te whānau maheremoka, ahakoa he ratou nga tangata katoa o te mata tonga. Hei tauira, skaleziya i roto i nga Islands Galapagos, e taea tae 20 mita i roto i te teitei, engari ko reira te kōtore, me te ake e kore te mea i kitea i roto i tetahi kokonga o te ao. tipu ranei o te brachylaena puninga i Āwherika ki te Tonga. rakau Giant, e whai nui te rakau kaha ātete ki te pirau, hoki e ia tino wāriutia.

I runga i nga wahi kai tipu o Aotearoa haatsiya pushkovidnaya hanga he pururu katoa. Tenei hanganga rākau e hipokina e whāriki matotoru he hawhe mita i roto i te teitei me te rohe feunga nui (ka taea kotahi tipu tupu ki runga ki te rua mita te whānui).

Kitea i roto i nga waina Asteraceae (Mika, Mutisya), Otaota Maroke me ara he ahua onge o te ora rite te awhiowhio (Centaurea diffusa, asteriscus papaka).

I ngā wā, kua wehea te hapu katoa Asteraceae ki e rua whaamere: trubkotsvetnye me kakaho.

maheremoka Subfamily (trubkotsvetnye)

Ko te nuinga o ngā tae - tubular. Tenei rōpū o ngā tipu ngā runga i te mano o nga whakatupuranga, me ngā iwi neke atu i te rua tekau (ana'iraa taxonomic i huaota, i te mea i raro i te uara o te whānau, engari kia teitei). Hei tauira, te tino rongonui - he maheremoka, kalendulovye, sunflowers, anthemideae, tageteae me etahi atu.

chicory Subfamily (ranei latukovye)

he wahi iti o te maha o ngā tipu nō ki te whānau Asteraceae - ratou taitara tuarua o te arero, i roto i te rerekē ki te whānau o mua e whitu anake iwi, me te maha o nga whakatupuranga o e pā ana ki e rua rau kei roto. Māngai o chicory tupu i runga i tata fenua katoa, tirohanga tino rongonui to tatou whenua o - he chicory, puawai kanapa faahiahia puru, me te horapa rite te tarutaru. Otiia, ko te tipu, ko te tipu honi pai, me te whakamahia i roto i te tunu kawhe pakiaka.

whānau aster: uara kai tōtika

roa kua ngā mātai take o ngā tipu o tenei hapu i rongonui i roto i te tunu kai, te tauira tino rongonui - he oilseed putirā. Tona whenua - Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. pai acclimatized ia i roto i to tatou rohe, a inaianei kua tupu sunflowers i runga i te tauine arumoni. Ko te hua matua o reira - he, o te akoranga, te hinu putirā. Ko tera taha e purapura whakaputaina, ngako hydrogenated (Tallow, whakamahia hoki te faaineineraa o te mātiarīni me te hopi), whakamahia production ururua te rite whāngai kararehe.

Ko tētahi atu māngai kanapa, me te kai, engari, kāore, e kore matou e tupu o te whānau - artichoke (whakaahua). I ngā wā, kua whakaaro reira he huawhenua, engari mau he tupu āu. Ka rite ki te rihi motuhake rihi taha ranei, Kei te whānui tohaina reira i roto i te whenua Mediterranean me i Amerika.

Famous hoki ona huru maitatai reka Hiruharama artichoke, rite kai kore anake, engari ano hoki i rite te tipu hangarau me te kai ngakia.

uara whakapaipai me te rongoa

Tona whakapaipai, me te puāwaitanga momo o te whānau aster (whakaahua) mohiotia te mo te wa roa.

Tutu'a ahu momo tata rave rahi o te puawai kari. maheni katoa ki te rongonui Florists chrysanthemum me gerbera. I te iti rawa kotahi katoa e he moenga puawai, asters ngakia ranei daisy, zinnias me marigolds, dahlias me ageratum.

otaota hei rongoā Ko te tino rongonui, me te whai hua: te Kamomere, yarrow, arnica, raupapa, tataramoa, te taru kawa, tansy, arani, me te tini ke atu. whakamatauria ratou pānga whakaora i runga i te tinana kei te ka kï, decoctions infusions o otaota ranei ko nga rongoā homeopathic tino faufaa.

whānau aster, nei te mau melo e mohiotia, pea, ki te katoa, i hoatu e te ao i te nui maere o te mahi, whakapaipai me te tipu hei rongoā.