Wheua ngohe kikokiko: āhuatanga mahi, me te hanganga

Ko reira kahore ngaro e ara nga ngä kaitäkaro i roto i te āhua tinana pai, me te i roto i ngā wawe te tau, maha maturuturu i roto o te whakangungu e tika ana ki whara. He ōwehenga nui o ratou raruraru - nape. Ko te wahi paruparu o ratou - wheua ngohe. Ko te mahi o hononga pakaru, huri i te reira i roto i, e taea te whakahokia, ki te ki te wa e whakarongo ki te raruraru, me te ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga e tika ana mo te maimoatanga me te mahi whakaora i o ngā pūtau.

Kikokiko i roto i te tinana tangata

Ko te tinana tangata - ko te pūnaha matatini, me te ngāwari ahei o whaiaro ture-. Kei a ia ko te hanganga rerekē, me mahi o ngā pūtau. puta ratou pākia basal. Fakataha ki te hanganga kore-pūtau, e tahoê ratou i roto i te kikokiko: epithelial, uaua, karere, tūhonohono.

pūtau epithelial hanga te pūtake o te kiri. raina ratou nga kōwhao ā-(puku, rei, i runga wahi romahā, te wahi intestinal). Uaua kikokiko taea te tangata ki te neke. reira neke hoki te taiao ā-i roto i whēkau me ngā pūnaha katoa. Musculature wehewehea ki ngā momo: maeneene (tinana pakitara puku me pera), ngakau, kōhiwi (striated). kiko Nervous whakawhiti ponana i te roro. E taea e ki te tupu me te whakaputa uri ētahi pūtau, e taea ki te whakaora i etahi o ratou.

kiko tūhonohono he taiao ā-a te tinana. Ko reira rerekē i roto i te hanganga, hanganga me ngā āhuatanga. Kei a ia ko wheua kaha o te kōhiwi, ngako subcutaneous, fluids, toto me te te tīpona. Ki reira pā hoki wheua ngohe. Ko tōna mahi - hanga, te hekenga uara, tiaki me te tautoko. tākaro ratou katoa he wāhi nui, me te he e tika ana i roto i te pūnaha matatini o te tinana.

Wheua ngohe kikokiko: hanganga me te mahi

Ko tōna āhuatanga āhuatanga - te looseness i te whakaritenga o ngā pūtau. Waihanga ki a ratou takitahi, e taea te kite koe i te āhua o ratou e mārama wehea i ia atu. Paihere i waenganui ratou tu te taonga intercellular - te kopu. A i roto i te rerekē momo o cartilages kua hanga e te reira atu i te taonga amorphous muka rerekē tino (rapa me te collagen). Ahakoa faaite ratou i te takenga noa o te pūmua, engari rerekē i roto i o ratou āhuatanga me i rānei e mahi mahi rerekē.

Katoa nga wheua o te tinana i hanga o ngohe. Otiia ki te whakanui ake ratou tioata taonga intercellular tonu tai (te nuinga konupūmā). Ka rite ki te hua riro kaha wheua, me te riro wahi o te tuahiwi. mahi hoki ngohe mahi tautoko. I roto i te tuarā, he i waenganui wāhanga, kite ratou kawenga tonu (pateko, me te hihiri). Taringa, ihu, pukorokoro, bronchi - i roto i aua wahi o te papanga tūranga nui atu formative.

E kawea tupu me te wheua ngohe kai tōtika i roto i roto i te perichondrium. Ko ia he wahi whakahauanga o te papanga, i tua atu i te hononga. Ko reira i waenganui i nga papa komukumuku, te inu synovial ratou. ka horoia e ia, lubricates e whangainga ana ratou, te tango i ngā hua pūkoro tinana.

hanganga

Ko te pūtau ngohe iti e taea o wehenga, me te nui o te wāhi huri noa ratou, ki tonu i te he momo o ngā āhuatanga o te taonga pūmua. No te mea o taua āhuatanga o te tukanga houtanga maha e atu ïa i roto i te kopu.

E rua ngā momo o ngā pūtau kiko: hodnrotsity (pakari) me chondroblasts (taitamariki). rerekē ratou i roto i te rahi, wāhi me te tikanga o te whakaritenga. Chondrocytes i te āhua porotaka, a he nui ratou. E whakaritea i roto i te takirua ranei i roto i ngā rōpū o runga ki te 10 ngā pūtau. Chondroblasts a kei te tikanga iti i roto i te kikokiko i te taha putawa ranei.

I roto i te cytoplasm o te pūtau i raro i te piki he anga wai, i reira he inclusions o glycogen. Hāora me ngā matūkai ki te tomo i te pūtau diffusely. He haere mai te ariā o te collagen me elastin. He tika hoki te hanganga o te taonga intercellular ratou. Mai tona pū tei runga i te momo, ko te reira wheua ngohe. Āhuatanga o te hanganga me te laryngeal mahi e rerekē i te kōpae intervertebral, tae atu i te ihirangi o te collagen. Nga taringa, i roto i te wheua ngohe ihu taonga intercellular ngā 30% o te elastin.

momo

Ka rite ki ngohe whakarōpūtia ngā te? Ko tōna mahi tei runga i te predominance i te kopu o muka motuhake. Ki te i roto i te taonga intercellular neke atu i elastin, ko atu e ngawari noa te ngohe. Ko reira tata rite kaha, engari nga paihere o muka i roto i reira te kikokore. E pai te tu ratou i te kawenga mō te kōpeketanga kore anake engari ano mo te mānukanuka, nehenehe o te deformation kahore hopearaa tino. E huaina ēnei cartilages rapa. Ratou puka kiko korokoro, taringa, ihu.

Ki te te kopu huri te pūtau ki te ihirangi tiketike o te collagen hanganga matatini hanga mekameka polypeptide, na ka karanga puata wheua ngohe. pinepine ia hipokina te papa i roto o nga hononga. hāngai te nui rahi o te collagen te i roto i te rohe mata. nui ia te tūranga o te tinana. Ko te paihere muka reira te hanganga rite te toru-ahu āhua tōrino whatunga e whiwhi ana.

Tera atu ano tetahi rōpū: kaiota, wheua ngohe kaiota te ranei. He ratou puata me roto i te nui o te taonga intercellular o collagen, engari kua he hanganga motuhake. Paihere o muka e kore e whai i te tukutuku matatini, me te e kei taha te tuaka o te kawenga nui. He nui ratou, he kaha ngā shock, rawakore faaho'ihia mai, no te riaka. Mai i tenei papanga i hanga kōpae intervertebral, tuu i te tahi i memenge o wheua.

mahi

Ngā mihi ki ngā āhuatanga koiora motuhake o te wheua ngohe kikokiko he pai mō te here wae o te pūnaha musculoskeletal. Ko reira e taea ki te tango i pānga kurut me ope kōpeketanga i roto i te kaupapa, te mangai mo te tūari atu te kawenga ki etahi whānuitanga takanga mai ore oioi ranei.

Wheua ngohe puka abrasion mata ātete. I roto i te taha ki te synovial inu taua hononga ki te kaha kawenga mo te wa roa tika e taea te mahi i ona mahi.

Tendons - e kore te wheua ngohe reira. Ratou ano mahi, ko te ki te herea ki te whānui pūnaha o te musculoskeletal pūnaha. Ratou ngā ano o paihere o muka collagen, ko ratou hanganga me ētahi atu take. Ko te ngohe o te ihu, wahi romahā, taringa anake e mahi taukiri me he mahi tautoko i te wahi o te āpitihanga kiko ngohengohe. Otiia i rite ki nga tendons uaua tata ki a ratou e kore e whai i te kawenga taua.

āhuatanga motuhake

Ko te ngohe tāwariwari he oko iti rawa. Ko te mārama tenei, no te mea taea ki te tūkino a ratou te kawenga kaha hihiri ko. Ka rite ki nga whāngai ngohe kiko tūhonohono? E riro e te taonga intercellular ēnei mahi. Ko te wheua ngohe puata i reira he kahore oko. Ratou papa waku tino uaua, me te mātotoru. Meals ratou i te utu o te inu synovial.

Ko te nuku wai noa kopu. Kei reira nga matū tika katoa hoki pākia. Proteoglycan i roto i ngā wāhanga wheua ngohe tano wai bind. Ko ia rite te taonga incompressible whakarato rigidity me anō cushioning. Ki te pikaunga o te wai riro pānga horahia puta noa i te wāhi intercellular me pai te tango i mānukanuka, te ārai deformations tina heke tino.

whanaketanga

taka te tinana o te pakeke ki te 2% o te taimaha i runga i te wheua ngohe. Kei hea te hāngai reira me e mahi e kawea ki waho? e kore te wheua ngohe me te wheua kiko i roto i te wā embryonic rerekëtanga. I roto i te embryos o kahore wheua. whakawhanake ratou i wheua ngohe kiko, me te e hanga e i te wa o te whanautanga. Ko tetahi wahi o taua mea, a kihai i ossified. Mai i tenei i hanga taringa, ihu, korokoro, korere arahau. Ko reira i roto i te hononga o te ringa me waewae ano te reira, te hononga o te wheua tore, kōpae intervertebral, tīhaetia turi.

puta te whanaketanga ngohe i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga. E kukū pūtau mesenchymal Tuatahi ki te wai, häunga, ngaro tukanga, me te timata te whakaputa taonga ki te kopu. I muri i tenei ko to ratou pārōnaki ki chondrocytes me chondroblasts. Ko te tuatahi kei te piri karapotia e te taonga intercellular. I roto i tenei ahua, ka taea e ratou te faaite i te maha iti o ngā wā. I muri i enei tukanga hanga rōpū isogenic. Ko te pūtau toe i runga i te mata o te papanga hei chondroblasts. I roto i te tukanga o te whakaputa te rauemi kopu puta pārōnaki whakamutunga, i hanga hanganga ki te wehenga motuhake ki te awhi kikokore, me te papanga turanga.

huringa e pā ana-tau

Wheua ngohe mahi o te kiko tangata i roto i te tukanga o te huringa ora. Heoi, i runga i te wā ka kite koe i te tohu o te hoholo: haaparuparu i te uaua, me uaua o nga hononga, e ngaro ngäwari, āwangawanga e pā ana ki te mamae ki te rangi ranei, no te kawenga rerekē. whakaaro ana tēnei tukanga ko te täkupu whaiaroaro. Na roto i te tau o te 30-40 tau, kia huri i te tohu ki te whānuitanga nui iti ranei, kei te tīmata kē ki te meinga hūhi. Ko te hoholo o te kikokiko wheua ngohe articular he tika ki te mate o tona elasticity. muka elasticity Ngaro. Nga maroke papanga, wetekina.

I puta he kapiti mata maheni, riro te reira taratara. he taea kore whakapati me te noho pai o te retireti. tapa tūkinotia tupu, i whai ahua ai ratou putunga i roto i te kikokiko i hanga osteophytes. tupu tawhito ki te haaputuputuraa o te konupūmā intracellular i roto i te mea wheua ngohe rapa, ko o ratou āhuatanga (ihu, taringa) e kore e tata te kitea.

mahi waimaero o te wheua ngohe me te wheua

A, no te me pehea tenei taea tupu? Ki te whānuitanga nui tei reira ki runga ki te mea i te mahi o te wheua ngohe. Nga porotiti intervertebral, te mahi taketake o nei ähuareka te me te tautoko, puta maha arā i roto i te whanaketanga o te dystrophic tukanga degenerative ranei. Ka taea e te āhuatanga arahi ki te neke e, i roto i te tahuri, ka meinga kōpeketanga o te kikokiko e karapoti ana. edema mooni, raru kowhakina, pēpēhinga nga oko.

Hei whakahoki te pūmautanga, tamata te tinana ki te mahi ki te raruraru. Ko te pūaha i te wahi o te deformation "whakaritea" ki te āhuatanga, tupu i roto i te puka o taketake outgrowths a Ihakara (pāhau). Reira e kore ano hoki e whai hua i te kikokiko e karapoti ana: huamo ano kotahi, pinching, kōpeketanga. Ko te matatini tenei raruraru. pūrere malfunctions osteochondral huaina osteochondrosis.

here roa o te kaupapa (te raima mō whara) hoki i te pānga kino i runga i te wheua ngohe. Ki te whakaora kawenga nui weu rapa i roto i te paihere kaiota te taratara, ka kore kai wheua ngohe mahi noa iti. konatunatua inu Synovial te kino, e kore e chondrocytes whiwhi matūkai nui, pera kore e taea e te hua hua i te nui e tika ana o te collagen me elastin ki te kopu.

He mārama te mutunga: hoki kia riro wheua ngohe noa tahi mānukanuka kawenga rawaka me te kōpeketanga. Ki te whakarite i tēnei, e hiahia ana koe ki te faaohipa me te arahi i te āhua noho hauora me te kaha.