WTO - he aha te mea te reira? whakahaere WTO: te tikanga o te whenua, mema

rongo ia o tatou wā i roto i te rongo e pā ana ki te WTO. Hoki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki tenei whakahaere e taea te kitea i roto i pukapuka i runga i geography me te ohaoha. Ko te tino nui mō te whenua Pākehā tona mahi, engari e mohio ana matou iwi e pā ana ki reira i te iti. I maoro rawa kaha te matapaki i te kaupapa pērā i "Russia me te WTO." A i roto i te ara o te moni nui haere, kia tamata a ki te matau tenei take ōhanga, me te tōrangapū matatini.

Hanganga me te whakahaere

Ko te kupu, ko te WTO - he aha te mea te reira? tu te whakarāpopototanga rite te "Trade Organisation World". I whakaturia te reira i roto i 1995 ki te whakawhānui i te haere noa o hokohoko puta noa te ao, me te i waenganui i āhua, ki te uru atu te WTO. I roto i te pūtake whakapumautia te General Whakaaetanga i runga i Tariffs ko Trade, i roto i 1947.

Kei tōna tari matua kei roto i Switzerland (Geneva). I te kau, te kaiwhakahaere whānui o te hanganga ko Pascal Lamy, a ka kua te mema o 159 whenua i roto i te waenganui o 2013. faatae te Kaiwhakahaere-Tianara ki te Kaunihera General ranei te Uepu, i roto i te tahuri arata'i maha ngā kōmihana.

Minita Conference - WTO tino tinana mōhiohio. tutaki reira i te iti rawa kotahi nga rua tau. I whakaritea te hītori o te hanganga o ono taua hui, a tata ia o ratou tahi e te maha o amuamu i runga i te wahi o nga hoariri o te ao. whakaaro tatou i whakahoki matou te pātai: "? WTO, he aha te mea te reira". Na kia whai whakaaro tatou ki nga whāinga o te whakahaere.

Ko te whāinga matua e toru

1. Ko te huawaere maeneene o te tauhokohoko ā-ao, me te tango o ngā tauārai ki reira. e kore e whakahaere WTO tukua i tenei pānga kino, me ngā taahoa. e kore hoki kaipakihi takitahi, pakihi me ngā rōpū tari o te ture hokohoko te ao e huri i kahore pānui. He mārama, me te mārama, me te whakamahi ratou tikanga - i ngā wā katoa.

2. Mai te hainatanga o te tuhinga whakaaetanga whai wāhi te rota o whenua, e tonu puta tautohetohe i waenganui ia ratou. WTO mahi hei takawaenga i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa i te whakauru i te maha o here ture, me te hanga tika, e āwhina ki te karo i ngā papā.

3. Ko te toru o te huru nui o te whakahaere - te whakataunga o tautohetohe. I muri i te katoa, i te rōpū whiriwhiri te tikanga i ngā whāinga rerekē. Kirimana me kirimana mutu ki te takawaenga o te WTO, he reira maha e tika ana muri tikanga. take tautohe katoa pai whakatutukitia i roto i te whakahaere whakapumautia o tikanga e hāngai ana i runga i tahi whakaae āhuatanga ture o te whakarite ngā rōpū rite whai wāhitanga me tika. Ko Ko te aha te whakaaetanga katoa hainatia i roto i te anga o te whakahaere ngā te tūemi ki runga ki nga tikanga o te whakataunga o tautohetohe.

Ko te mau parau tumu e rima

I tēnei wā, i reira e rima te mau parau tumu e ti'a ia hāngai ki te pūnaha hokohoko ao.

1. Non-whakahāwea

No āhua e te tika ki te takahi i runga i tetahi e marutuna here i runga i te kawemai me te kaweake o taonga. Tümanako, Me hokona hua motu, me te ke i runga i te mākete kāinga i raro i te taua tikanga.

2. Tuhinga o protectionism (hokohoko) tauārai

tauārai Trade - ko nga āhuatanga e ārai i te putanga o taonga ke i roto i te mākete kāinga o tetahi kāwanatanga enei. Tuatahi o te katoa, ngā ratou hopukia kawemai me tikanga mau ohipa. Ano i te hokohoko te ao pānga te kaupapa here o te haamauraa i reiti whakawhiti me mau haafifiraa whakahaere.

3. Ko te predictability me te pūmautanga o ngā āhuatanga arumoni

Te kāwanatanga, kia pūtea me kamupene ke māia i roto i te pumau o ngā āhuatanga hokohoko (tāke me te tāke-kore tauārai) tikanga ohorere, me te noho.

4. whakaihiihitanga o wae whakataetae

Ki te whakataetae i waenganui i ngā umanga i whenua rerekē ko te hiahia rite ki te ārai i ngā tikanga taurite o te pakanga - moni kaweake (tautoko kāwanatanga kaweake umanga) me te tono o akiritia (rawa uara) utu ki te tomo hokohoko kaweake hou.

5. hua hoki whenua ki ngā taumata iti o te whanaketanga

Ka rite ki te tikanga, te whenua WTO i te ōhanga kaha, engari i reira e etahi whenua underdeveloped, e te rōpū whakahaere whakarato ngaahi monū motuhake. Ko tenei parau tumu i roto i te pakanga ki ētahi atu, engari ko te mea e tika ana ki te utu i roto i te hokohoko te ao o whenua ki te taumata iti o te whanaketanga.

mahi

• aroturuki tautukunga o nga whakaritenga taketake WTO;
• whakataunga o tautohe i runga i nga raruraru o te hokohoko ke;
• tauturu i rua whakawhanake me te iti whenua whakawhanakehia;
• mahi tahi ki ngā whakahaere o te ao;
• hanganga o ngā āhuatanga pai mō ngā whiriwhiringa i roto i te mau melo WTO;
• te aroturuki i ngā kaupapa here ā-motu i roto i te mara o te hokohoko te ao.

Ko te tukanga o te āpiti

ngā whakatuwheratia matou te pātai o "te WTO - he aha te mea te reira?". tonu te reira ki te whakaaro i te wahi tino nui o reira - te tukanga urunga, te ururua o te tau o te oraraa o te whakahaere. Whakawa i te wheako o te whenua kaitono, te tukanga e pā ana ki 5-7 tau.

I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi, he tātaritanga whānui o te hokohoko, me te tikanga tōrangapū, me te tikanga ōhanga o te State kouna ngā rōpū mahi motuhake whakahaere hoki tautukunga ki te tikanga, me tikanga o te WTO. Na ka timata te whiriwhiri i te ngā o te urunga ki te whakahaere o te whenua kaitono. A ka taea e ratou te whai wāhi me te āhua mema hiahia o te rōpū mahi.

Ko te kaupapa matua o te mau a'oraa - "arumoni nui" whārangi ki te tiki WTO i whai wāhi ki ona mākete i muri i te āhua kaitono rironga mōhiohio i roto i te whakahaere. No iti nui ki te matapaki i te take - te wa ki te tango i runga i nga herenga puta i te mema.

I roto i te tahuri, ka whiwhi te rōpū kāwanatanga te tika, e te hunga i te tahi atu mau melo o te WTO. Ka mutu te reira i ona whakahāweatanga i roto i te hokohoko ke. Ki te mahi i tetahi mema o te whakahaere mahi ture, kia noho tetahi whenua he amuamu ki te OPC (Body Whakataunga Dispute). I te taumata motu, kua takoto te reira ki te mahia te whakatau, te melo tataitahi o te WTO.

Ko te taahiraa whakamutunga ko te whakatūturutanga i te ture o te State o te kaitono o te tuhinga katoa whakaaetia i runga i te taha o te Rōpū Mahi a whakaaetia e te Kaunihera General. I muri i tenei tikanga, e tango te whenua kaitono te mana e tika ana.

Russia ko WTO

Mai te ōhanga o to tatou whenua (ake mai te parariraa o te USSR), atu me te ake ngātahi timata ki te hokohoko te ao ki te puta i te hiahia ki te puta i te atamira ao. urunga Tuatahi ki te WTO i kōrero e te kaiārahi Russian rite wawe rite 1995, ka whakahaere te whiriwhiringa i. rironga o Whenua ki te whakahaere ka whakarato i te rota o hua. Na homai te tere o te whanaketanga o te te ao, kei te hoko ratou faaineineraa i te kaupapa matua rautaki. Mōhio e ka whiwhi Russia i muri rironga ki te WTO:

• nga tikanga pai mo te uru o to tatou hua ki te mākete ao;
• whakawhānui i ngā whai wāhitanga mō ngā pūtea Russian i roto i ngā o te whai wāhi ki ngā mākete o ētahi atu whenua mema o te whakahaere;
• te whakapai ake i te whakapakoko te whenua o roto i te ao tōrangapū o te ao;
• te kaha ki te whakamahi i te pūtake ture WTO mo te whakataunga o tautohetohe hokohoko;
• whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā ture me ngā paerewa mō te tauhokohoko ā-ao i roto i te tirohanga o ratou ake ngākau nuitanga.

I roto i te 2012 mutu 16 tau o ngā whiriwhiringa i runga i rironga o Russia ki te WTO. Kua te Kooti Ture kua tonoa ki tētahi whakaaetanga ao i roto i te tikanga ki te manatoko i tona hanganga ture ki te ture Russian. I roto i te Hōngongoi 2012 kitea ano kua tuhituhia te marae ki te tikanga kirimana o te ture WTO, rite te kawenata katoa rite te katoa. I muri 11 ra o te peresideni vv Putin hainatia te tikanga i runga i rironga o Russia ki te whakahaere.

faaino

Te tūmanako, korero matou i roto i te taipitopito e pā ana ki te whakahaere, a koutou kore i te pātai: "WTO - he aha te mea te reira?". I roto i te mutunga, he torutoru nga kupu o te faaino.

e kore e tokomaha te iwi whakaae ki WTO parau tumu o te hokohoko free. whakapono ana ratou e kore e whai wāhi i enei parau tumu ki te ora atu whai mo te nuinga o te iwi, engari anake arahi ki te haamaitairaa o nga iwi kua rawa (me takitahi). Ano, kei te whakawakia nga whakaaetanga WTO o matua whenua taonga taurite me corporations rauiwi.

Fakaanga whakapono e te whenua mema WTO iti i kahore mana i roto i te whakahaere, me whakawhanakehia - arotahi anake i runga i to ratou ake ngākau nuitanga arumoni. Hoki, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, i nga wa katoa e panaia tiaki i te taiao, me te hauora ki te whakamārama i roto i te manakohia o nga painga atu mo te pakihi.