Yoshkar-Ola: wae, whakaahua me arotake

"Whero City" - na whakamāoritanga te ingoa ki a Mari Mari El whakapaipai. Katoa nei i te whai wāhi ki te haere mai ki konei tata, kihai i huna i tona ohorere me te mana'o i hanga ki runga ki a ratou Yoshkar-Ola. He tino rerekē wae konei, he tokomaha o ratou i puta tata.

i te mua

tīmata History o Yoshkar-Ola i taua wa tawhiti, i apititia whenua Mari ki Russia i muri i te hinga o te Kazan Khanate ope Ivana Groznogo i te rau tau waenganui-16. Tsarev pa i runga i te awa Kokshaga Tsarevokokshaisk ranei, tuatahi whakahuatia i roto i te meatanga i te 1584, ahakoa nga whakapae o whaipara, i roto i te iwi Mesolithic nohoia kē te whenua.

tīmata atu City ki te pa i hanga ki te tiaki i te whenua, a kawea atu anake mahi hōia. Whakahaere kawana pourewa, i roto i nei ringa ka kore noa te mana hōia engari ano hoki whakahaere, moni, me te ture. Āta timata reira ki puta kaihokohoko, kaimahi, peasants, kahore e nei te tikanga noho i roto i te pa, a noho te whenua a tawhio noa. Ko e founga te tangata, whakataunga me kainga tenei.

to tatou wa

i hanga Modern Yoshkar-Ola i te wā i 1941 ki te 1990, me te haere tonu ki te kia hanga tenei ra. Rawa ke tona ahua i runga i te 10 nga tau whakamutunga, i muri i te "Capital" o te hōtaka i whakaaetia e te pa.

Whakahoutia pa ki te mua taonga me te pokapū nui o te ahurea o te iwi Finno-Ugric - puta tenei ki a tatou hou Yoshkar-Ola. Wae e te hunga mohio ki te kia kitea - ko te ahurea, hītori me urupa hoahoanga, e whakaata ana i te wā rerekē o te whanaketanga o te rohe. I roto i enei nohonga tawhito, hahi, whare hītori, tapawhā, a maha whakairo. He wāhi nui i roto i te ora ahurea o te pa whakapaipai o Mari El e tākaro whare me ngā whare taonga.

whare

Rahi ora tapere o Yoshkar-Ola aroaro nga momo matarohia katoa o toi tapere.

I roto i te 1968, ka rite ki te hua o te faafariuraa o te Drama ngā Theatre. I whakaturia Mayorov-Shketan Music me Drama Theatre. I te 1994 ka whakaingoatia ai. Heoi i reira ko Mari State Opera me Theatre Ballet. Eric Sapaev, ko Mari Soviet kaitito, kaituhi o te opera motu tuatahi. Ko te pūtake o tona hanganga raukura o ngā kura kanikani me Conservatories i Moscow, Leningrad, Kazan, Perm, Gorky. Na ka timata whakaari taitamariki me te kura mahinga motu te hanganga. I tona atamira i tukua ai e pā ana ki te 50 mahi matarohia, me te nāianei o te ori, opera me operetta toi me whakaari o ngā tamariki. I teie mahana, te wāwāhi ngā opera motu "Aldiar" E. Arkhipova, "Akpatyr" Sapaev, te hītekiteki "kōrero Forest" kaitito A. Luppova. Te whakakake i Theatre - Choreography: te hītekiteki "te Nutcracker" me "Swan Lake" e Tchaikovsky, "Romeo and Juliet" e Prokofiev, "Don Kuisito" e Minkus. Neke atu i te 11 tau i roto i te whare tapere o te hakari ao "Winter pō" ki te whai wāhitanga o te opera me hītekiteki kanikani i Russia, Italy, Japan, Amerika. I roto i te 2002, tīmata ratou ki te kawe i roto i hakari anake o te ao whakatapua ki te hītekiteki nui Galina Ulanova. pai huri Theatre i roto i Russia kore anake, engari ki waho ano hoki. Ko tenei China, Arab Emirates, Germany, South Korea, Central America, Taiwan, Repanona me ētahi atu whenua. I teie mahana, ni'ai te whare tapere, he whare hou, hanga kore pera i mua hoki ia. Na roto i te taputapu e whakaaro te reira i te pai i roto i te rohe Täingäwai.

Mari National Drama Theatre. Shketan, i te mea te matamua i roto i te whenua, ka anga ona hītori ki ngā runaruna i roto i Whiringa 1919. Mai 1929, ko te institution ahurea ngaio, i muri mai ka tetahi o te pai i roto i Russia. Kei te mātātoa te whai wāhi Theatre i roto i te ao o te ora whare tapere, i te pupuri i to ratou tuakiri motu. kua o nga tohu kua whakawhiwhia e ia te "Golden nikau" - te utu o te Association o whare Pākehā.

I roto i te pane o Mari El Academic Drama Russian Theatre ingoa i muri i G. Konstantinov, i mea i hanga i roto i te 1919. I roto i tona whanaketanga whai wāhi ki kaiwhakahaere maha. Ko te tūranga tino nui no ki te kaiwhakahaere tino Grigory Konstantinov, ko wai i roto i tenei tūranga i 1964 ki te 1994. I te hanga tona kaupapa i roto i 1993 i te International Association o whare Russian, te tari matua o nei kei te i roto i Yoshkar-Ola. I roto i te Mahuru 1994, ko te whare tapere i Konstantinov. I runga i te wā o Russian ngā Drama Theatre atamira o mahi puāwaitanga me te nāianei. I roto i te pai e taea te huaina "Othello" e Shakespeare, "Kingi Theodore Ioanovich" A. K. Tolstogo, "kohanga o grouse" Rozov, "Money Easy" e Ostrovsky, "Pirihitini" Gorky, "hinengaro" Pavlova.

I roto i te tau 1991 i roto i te Yoshkar-Ola, i runga i te pūtake o te Theatre Drama Russian ingoa i muri Konstantinov, i whakatuwheratia Mari Youth Theatre. Na ko ia i roto i te wāwāhi o 35 ngā whakaari e hāngai ana i runga i nga mahi o waiata motu, Russian, me te ke, me te whakaari hou. Hoki te wa katoa i runga i te atamira i tukua ai neke atu i te 80 mahi mō ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke i roto i te Mari me reo Russian. Tira tonu haere i runga i tour puta noa Russia me ki waho.

taonga

kitea History, te ahurea, ngā tikanga, me te ora o te iwi Mari e i roto i nga kohikohinga o ngā whare taonga i roto i te Yoshkar-Ola tohutohu rerekē.

Ko Museum o hītori o te pa o Yoshkar-Ola i te kohikohinga o ngā tūemi whaipara, Heraldry, ka hia kē, mahi o pai a tono toi, whakaahua. Kei te noho te reira i roto i te whare e rua-papa o pereki whero, i hanga i roto i 1911 i roto i te pokapū o te tāone. Tenei whare, whakaaturia inaianei he tohu hītori, me te hoahoanga o te auraa motu, no ki rongonui nga kaihokohoko kaihokohoko Rakau rohe Chulkov. Ngā fare He kaihokohoko o mua o te whare matua, i te outbuilding me tatau kohatu, e kua whakapaipai ki āhuatanga Art Nouveau. E whakaatu ana te whakaaturanga tūturu te hītori o Yoshkar-Ola i 1584 ki te 1917. Manuhiri ka ako e pā ana ki te takenga mai o te pa-pa o Tsarevo, e pā ana ki te pehea i hanga ai, tona whanaketanga, te ora me te tuku iho o te tangata, te whakarau o te iwi rongonui. Ia wa i reira he whakaaturanga kaupapa. I tēnei wā, ko te Museum o History o te pa o Yoshkar-Ola manako te whakaaturanga whakaahua "City me te wā." I whakaahua ahurei taea kite koe i te aha i te Yoshkar-Ola i tau rerekē o te rau tau whakamutunga. whakaata ngā whakaaturanga Rangitahi te ora o te pa hou, whakaurua ki pakihi, hītori huarahi, tangata auaha, mahi aroha.

i whakatuwheratia kua tīpakongia Folk Arts Museum ki ngā manuhiri i roto i te 1999, i whakaatu he ahurea tuku iho o te Republic o Mari El i roto i te whare. hanga ana tēnei whare e o te rakau ki te hanga openwork whakairo i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. I mua i te revolution, i puritia ai e te kaunihera rohe Lokhanov kaikirimana rohe. E whakaatu ana te whare taonga i nga mahi toi iwi, hītori, me te ora o te iwi Mari. kohia Tapeke e pā ana ki 250 ngā tūemi, tae atu ki ngā taonga taketake, tauira o toi pai me mahi toi. Here taea e koe te kite i ahu tuku iho ki te ngira, mea kakaho, koko whakairo, mea whakatangi, hanga e te kaimahi. Museum o Applied Folk Arts whakaraupapa hakari, me ngā whakaaturanga.

I roto i te 1961, mo te tau o te kaitito Russian tuatahi, nana nei i meinga i te kaiwhakarewa o te waiata ngaio motu, i whakatuwheratia whare taonga whakamaharatanga JS Klyuchnikova-Palant. Kei te tū ana te reira i roto i te whare rakau i reira pau te kaitito te tau whakamutunga. Kei te whakaaturanga i roto i ruma e toru i roto i nei anō mea te kāinga māngai o pūkenga kawanatanga o te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. Tenei ka ora taua nga tūemi tūturu whare, taonga, tuhinga tawhito me te tahi atu mea i te mau melo o te utuafare Palant. taurima te whare taonga ngā whakaaturanga, po waiata, kauwhau, hui ki te kaitito.

taonga Art me ngā whakaaturanga

Museum o Fine Arts o te Republic o Mari El, i whakapumautia i roto i 1989, mahi i roto i te maha o ngā tohutohu. Kei roto i te whare whakaturia e kaihoahoa Vladimir Babenko i 1980. I tua atu ki te mahi a Mari toi pai, me te toi tono, konei kanohi e peita Russian, whakairo, whakairoiro, me te mahi takitahi o kaipeita Western me toi whakairoiro. taurima te whare taonga kauwhau tūmatanui, te wahi e taea te tiki e koe maheni ki te hītori o te toi, me te ahurea ao toi, hītori, toi Mari. Ko tōna moni he mano neke atu i 7. Storage wae. whakaatu te whare taonga peita i toi Russian o te rau tau 19 (Serov, Shishkin, Makovsky, Yegorov). Ngā te aro o te mahi o te toi Finno-Ugric nāianei i roto i te etnosimvolizma momo me te ethnofuturism. He pikitia o toi Mari enei - A. Ivanova, S. Evdokimova, V. Bogolyubov, AI Efimova. I tua atu ki te whakaaturanga tūturu i roto i te whare taonga ka taea e koe te haere ki te whakaaturanga e kua whakahoutia wā.

National Gallery Art o - ko te wāhi whakaaturanga matua o te whakapaipai tenei. I whakaturia te reira i roto i te 2007 rite te peka o te Museum o Fine Arts. Kei te taiwhanga i runga i te tapawha matua o Yoshkar-Ola. He te taputapu tino hou: mana āhuarangi, tirotiro ataata me te ahi-whawhai, rama motuhake, whakaoho haumarutanga, taputapu te amuitahiraa pūkoro. tū te taiwhanga he mahi whakaaturanga hohe. kia mohio Manuhiri ki te mahi o Mari me toi Russian, ataata toi lepupilika o te Täingäwai, me te kohikohinga o whare taonga Russian. He whakaaturanga-ao te piha haapiiraa. Neke atu i te nga tau, i te taiwhanga o Mari El noho te whai wāhi ki te kite i te mahi Edgara Dega, Dali, Ilya Glazunov, Nikas Safronov, Benua De Stetto. I te pae o te nui rawa whare taonga kohinga faaite rossiyskiyh: te Tretyakov Gallery, te Zlatoust patu whare taonga, te Amber Museum (Kaliningrad). Ko te angitu tino kua i te whakaaturanga e whai ake nei:

• "Hoki. Mai i Europe ki Russia, "Benua De Stetto.
• "Faces o Time" - e pā ana ki te ahurea o te rohe Mari.
• whakaaturanga Whaiaro o te artist Nikas Safronov.
• whakaaturanga Photo "Collection Tūmataiti" E. Kirihimete.
• "Gold o te Moana Baltic" - i te kohinga o te Museum Amber i Kaliningrad.

I muri te whakatuwhera i roto i te taiwhanga o te peka mariko o te noho State Russian Museum o Yoshkar-Ola e i te kāinga ki te tiki maheni ki te masterpieces o nga toi pai o nga whare taonga nui rawa o te whakapaipai raki.

urupa Historical me hoahoanga

Ahanoa o uara hītori, hoahoanga me te ahurea e, rite ki te tikanga, i roto i te rohe hītori o te pa. Kia aroha mai, noho Yoshkar-Ola iti whare mua-hou. I roto i nga whare enei kaihokohoko ':

• whare Chulkova (mutunga rau tau 19), e whare te Museum o te History o te pa o Yoshkar-Ola.
• Pchelina kaihokohoko Manor (rau 18).
• Whare Karelin (waenganui rau 18).
• Whare Bulygin (waenganui rautau 19).
• whare Naumova ki whakairo whakapaipai ki whare rakau (rau 19-20th). Tenei Ko tetahi o nga whare tawhito tino ataahua i roto i te pa.

mau hiero

Kia aroha mai, tata katoa nga hahi o te rau tau 18, kua tino wāhanga ranei huna i roto i te wā Soviet. I teie mahana he hahi, e kua toe langa hanga ranei te pa. I roto ia ratou:

• ko Trinity Ekalesia te whare tuatahi o te kohatu, me te kotahi o te matamua i roto i te pa (1736). i whakaratohia e te kaihokohoko, me te kaiahuwhenua Vishnyakov Osokin nga moni hanga. Ko reira he whare e rua-papa tuku iho arā, o te quadrangle nui ki te ruma. i karaunatia Chetverik ki rima domes, ko te raro St. Nicholas fare pureraa, tu maha-ATE pourewa pere wehe. I roto i te 30-doma i katia te hahi, te pourewa pere me te taumata tohanga runga i ngaro. ka anga te reira ki te ora i runga i te kaupapa hou i roto i 1995, ka oti anake i roto i 2008. whare New momo tiaki āhuatanga o te hoahoanga hahi o te rau tau 18. ka te reira i tetahi o nga whare tino ataahua i roto i te pa. Kei te hono te temepara ki te pere i te tikanga o te kikorangi, ko tona āhua rerekē porotiti, te domes koura tuanui rima.
• Cathedral o te Maueraa i hanga ki runga ki te kaihokohoko Pchelina i 1756. Ko ia te tapawaru i runga i te quadrangle ki te taiwhanga, he whare kai nui, me te pourewa pere noa-tu i roto i nga rarangi. katia te hahi i roto i te tau 1937, i wāhanga whakangaromia, ka hanga, ka noho i te reira i te waipiro. I te 1992 ka hoki mai te temepara ki whakapono, me te whakahou. Mai 1993, te whare karakia kua te mana o te whare karakia.
• i hanga tuatahi Cathedral o te raa o te Karaiti ki te hoahoa i roto i te kāhua Baroque Moscow i 1759. Ko te quadrangle odnosvetny ki e rua octagons, whakaiti i roto i te whanui. pourewa Bell i roto i te rarangi wha hanga i roto i te mutunga o 18, me te tīmatanga o te rau tau 19. hanga ruma me rua fare pureraa (Fedora Stratilata me Basil) i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19. I te tau 1928 i katia te hahi, te pourewa pere tapawaru o runga, me te ngaro. Anake i roto i te 1944 i hoki mai i te whare ki whakapono, engari i roto i 1961 katia te karakia i whakangaromia ano me tino. Anake i roto i te 2008 ka anga te hanganga hahi hou, i roa noa 2010. Whakahoutia Kazan Cathedral, hangaia i roto i te kāhua Baroque o te rau tau 18, i whakatapua ai i roto i te tau 2010.

• whakaturia Ekalesia o te whakaaro o te whakapaingia wahine a Meri i roto i 2005 hei hahi Siu. hanga Kāhua, tata ki te neo-Byzantine, i hanga i roto i te 2005-2006.
• hanga Ekalesia o to tatou Lady o Tikhvin i roto i 1774 (rite ki neoy, i roto i nei i reira ko te fare pureraa o St. George (e kore e tiaki). Kei te pourewa pere i runga ake i te ruma. katia te hahi i roto i 1929, i muri nei i wāhanga hanga reira. Returned ki whakapono i roto i te 90 ka toe langa. I roto i te wahi o te urupā i teie nei i te papa.

kohatu whakamaharatanga

Yoshkar-Ola, he rota o ngā wāhi rerekē ki ai nga manuhiri aroha ki kia whakaahuatia, ka mahi i nga tangata o te pa. I roto i te rongonui tino:

• Sculpture "rakau o te ora", kei roto i te Park o Culture ko Recreation, whakaata te huru motu o te rohe Mari. Monument, fa'u e artist Andrei Kovalchuk, i whakapumautia i roto i 2008. I roto i te pokapū o te hanganga i reira ko te rakau, te ora tohu me te tauatanga o whakatupuranga, me e kei huri noa nga kaiwaiata e toru o te parahi, no ki whakatupuranga rerekē, mea motu i roto i te ringa. Ko te tangata tawhito whai te putorino, te tangata hapa, he tamaiti i runga i te pahū. tohu e toru mita te teitei noho te wahi pai i roto i te papa rēhia, te wahi e taea te āta kite i te reira i hea.
• Monument Obolensky-Nogotkov - kaiwhakarewa o te pa, te kawana tuatahi - kua whakaturia i roto i te tapawha Pāoa i mua o te whare kāwanatanga. teitei e ono-mita o te pou, ko te tohu o Yoshkar-Ola me tetahi o ona wae matua. Prince Obolensky, arani e whakaaturia ana i runga i te hoiho, me te i roto i ringa. I hanga te tohu i te toi A. Kovalchuk huahua i roto i 2007.

• I runga i te wāhi e tata ana te teihana rerewē Mari-mohiotia kaiwhakaari Soviet me pera whakaturia te pou parahi. Yvan Kyrlya whakaaturia e noho ana i runga i te tōneke, rite ko reira i roto i te kiriata "Road ki Life" wahi takaro ia te tūranga o Mustafa - he rangatira o te huarahi tamariki.
• He kape o te Tsar Cannon i hanga i roto i te 2007. Tenei tārua te haurua o te taketake rongonui, i maka i roto i te parahi A. Chokhov i 1586. Mari pū, e tahi ki te taimaha o te te karihi he 12 taranata, i hanga i runga i Zvenigovsky Plant. Butyakov. E ai ki nga rangatira, e taea kopere i te reira. Hoki tenei take, kua paiherea reira te matua oko.

wae rerekē

E maere tokomaha te iwi hou Yoshkar-Ola. Wae reira he maere, ara ke.

Ko tētahi o ratou - he tohu o te hama, whakapumautia nei i roto i 2008, i roto i te Faa i mua o te tari o te whare kamupene hanga. E wha-mita whakarewa hama taimaha e rua me te taranata hawhe ngä i roto i te titi whenua. Kaituhi o te whakaaro - te peresideni o te kamupene hanga - faaoti te kupu ki tonu i te mahi o nga kaimahi, me te utu takoha a ratou. A iti i muri mai, i muri ki te hama, me te pou ki te kaimahi i roto i te kakahu kaihanga ki te pereki i roto i tona ringa.

I mua i tomo i te taua whare, e kore matara atu i te whakapakoko ki te hama, i reira e tonu e rua wae taketake - teitei arewhana puru o e pā ana ki 1.5 mita me te heamana nui.

Oddly nui i reira he he whakairo parahi i roto i te pokapū o te tāone e tata ana te whare wānanga matua. Tenei pou Yoshkinu ngeru, i whakatakotoria ai taua i roto i te 2011. Ko te kaituhi o te hanganga - ko C. A. Shirnin Yandubaev, whakairo whakarewa Kazan, nga tikanga Moscow kaipakihi. I te 2013, e tata ana te ngeru Yoshkinogo, ahuareka i runga i te pae, he tohu Yoshkinoy ngeru, i whakatapua te tāutanga o nei ki te kitea o te wharekai Pāoa.

Ko te hoahoanga hou o te whakapaipai

Neke atu i te nga tau torutoru mua, kua puta ke tino ahua o te pa o. kawea te hanga i roto i konei, te whānuitanga o e he wiri. Tika i roto i te mua o te whare ki runga i roto i ngā momo hoahoanga Pākehā. ara hou me te tapawhā ki whare mīharo mea fantastic, takawairore, me te iti haamana'oraa o te tirohanga.

mātanga rerekē, kahore feaa, ngā Bryggen, e huaina ana ko muri i te pa i roto i Belgium. A, no te whiwhi koe i runga i te huarahi, e kore ahau e taea e tauturu whakaaro e ko ia i roto i te pa Pākehā o Bruges. Quay tino hanga whare o kāhua Ara, angamaheni o Flanders wharekarakia. Rawa ataahua konei i te po, ka rama karakara.

Manuhiri mōhio e te aroaro te Yoshkar-Ola ohorere grandiose, tahuri i te pokapū motuhake Soviet hōhā i roto i te pa ngā wahi e hiahia ana koe ki te haere hoki. He tokomaha faaite te tirohanga e he i tautohetia hoahoanga, engari te meka e ko te reira he rerekē, fakangalongata'a, pai, tata katoa whakaae.

He ohorere motuhake mō ngā tūruhi ko te pourewa Faaiteraa ki chimes. Ko te kape iti o te Spasskaya Tower i Moscow tenei. E rave rahi o te manuhiri taka noa ki te hiamoe ka ohorere rongo te CHIME, i te mea rite te taua rite i roto i te pane a Russian.

Ahakoa te meka i he kiato Yoshkar-Ola, he whānui, me te maha ona wae. Te katoa ki te haere ki tenei pa whakamiharo ki nga whakarerenga iho kororia, ka waiho te tahi mea ki te mahara me te tahi mea ki te korero o koutou hoa.