A St. Michael Monastery: whakaahuatanga, hītori, hoahoa, frescoes me mosaic

a St. Michael Monastery, te noho tapu matamua o Kiev, ngā te matatini temepara nehenehe whakaturia i roto i te ingoa o Anahera Mikaera, te kaiwhakaruruhau o te pa. I tua atu ki te tikanga toi, me te hoahoanga undoubted o te whare karakia, tona taa ko e ko ia te tuatahi i roto i te kikorangi temepara Russia te pani ki te koura. hoatu tenei te ingoa ki te matatini ohu katoa.

Cathedral, whakaturia e Prince Svyatopolk

hanga reira ki te whakapono e hono te hanga o te ohu e ki te ingoa o Metropolitan o Kiev, Mikhail, he ahua fakalotu rongonui o te rau tau X. Heoi, ka timata te rau anake i muri i te hanganga o te whare karakia koura-domed rongonui, i roto i te kingitanga o Prince Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha. He iriiri, ka Nō ia te Mikaera, a ko te hanganga o te hahi te tohu o tona faahiahia mo te hunga mahaki homai ki runga ki a ia i te kaiwhakaruruhau te rangi.

Whakaturia rangatira karakia, puritia te Cathedral te wahi nui i roto i te ora o te tangata me te ko Kiev i raro i te Tuhinga rangi o Arhangela Mihaila. Ko reira kahore tāpiritanga o St. Michael Golden-Domed Monastery, i roto i te whānuitanga o i ko ia he mema, i meinga te rau tau XII te wahi tanumanga o te whānau rangatira o tangata. Ko reira he ahua o te Pahiona, e tohu ana i runga i o ratou menema i te wā nui i roto i te hītori o Kievan Rus.

dome koura Tuatahi i roto i Russia

I roto i te 1108 tupu he hui nui i roto i te ora o te ohu whakapono: i te whakapaipai Byzantine i whakawhitia Constantinople ki a ia pukahu o St. Barbara, i meinga te whare matua o te ohu whakapono. Ki tenei wā kairangahau ahua me te whanau o te hou i te wa o te iho hoahoanga o te kikorangi tataitia. Ekalesia o St. Arhangela Mihaila ko te tuatahi i roto i Russia, te wahi kua whakatinanahia nga kaihoahoa tenei auaha.

Whakaekenga o Tatars me mana Polish

pānga tino te whakarau o te ohu i roto i te whakaekenga o whakaeke ke. I roto ia ratou, te kino nui ki te ohu whakapono meinga mano tini o Tatars riro Kiev i 1482. whakangaromia ratou maha whare i roto i te ohu whakapono, a whakangaromia urupa faufaa o Old peita Russian, me te tuhituhi.

A, no te hinga o St. Michael Monastery, tahi ki katoa te Kiev, i raro i te mana o nga kingi Polish, i ia tūtohinga i hoatu te tika ki te whiriwhiri i te abbots me whakarato motuhake i te mana Siasí o metropolitans me kawana noho. arahina tenei ki tona whanaketanga, me, rite ki te tuhinga o mua o te wā, ki te waenganui o te rau tau XVI, ka te ohu te pokapū karakia nui me momona o Kiev.

Fighting Uniates

Whakaae timata nga ngā whakaari o te St. Michael Monastery i te rau tau wawe XVII, ka hoatu te Kingi o Poland ia riro o te Uniate - māngai o te Katorika Ekalesia Kariki, kei te ngana ki te horapa tona mana i roto i nga rohe tonga, me te tonga-hauauru o Russia.

Ratou whakamātau ki te hopu i nga whenua no ki te ohu whakapono, a hoatu ana e ia he mutunga ki te Cossacks i roto i ringa nei ka awhina nga temepara 'ratou matua.

I whakaheke toto e kore noho kaiwawao i noa. Ngā mihi ki to ratou ohu whakapono itoito i rere e te Ekalesia Siu, a ka piki tona Abbot Job Boretsky ki Metropolitan. Mahue ki te ora i roto i nga taiepa o te ohu whakapono, kei te kupu tino nui haere te reira i tona mana, hanga hoki maha nga tau noho tūturu o te Metropolitan.

tenetere Events XVII-XVIII

Ko te wāhanga nui i muri i roto i te ora o te ohu whakapono timata i 1654, ka i reira ko tetahi hononga o Kiev me ana rohe i raro ki te āhua Russian. Ahakoa te meka i ngaro ohu o Michael wahi o ona whenua whenua, kua riro nei i te taonga o te Commonwealth, ko neke atu i utua ki te hetman me nga rangatira Cossack, kuraina kainga unsubscribe wāhi nui, kei roto i te te mate maui-pēke Ukraine. Tīmata i 1800 ko ano hoki te ohu te noho o te Pariha o te Pihopatanga Kyiv.

I roto i te rau tau XVII-XVIII kua pehia te matatini katoa o ngā whare i te hanganga nui i roto i te ahua o taua wa te kāhua Baroque. Ka rite ki te hua o nga mahi o nga kaumatua, ngā atu hahi mua-Mongol te Cathedral o o te Anahera Michael St. Michael Monastery. Mai i te mea anake te aata Apse, whatiwhatinga o taiepa, me te kikorangi pokapū. utua ngā aro i ki mosaic tawhito me frescoes e whakapaipai i nga taiepa o te temepara. Rato ako e kōrero toi, kua mai kua whakawāteatia ratou, ka whakahokia.

Te haamana'oraa i te hītori mua-orurehau o te ohu whakapono, e kore e ki te whakahua i no reira ki te ohu whakapono hanga tata Kiev, a he tata ki tona none Pāoa, iritihia i roto i te 1712 i runga i te remu. I whakaturia ano hoki tenei ohu tapu i roto i te honore o te kaiwhakaruruhau tapu o te pa - Arhangela Mihaila.

Ko te whakangaromanga o te Cathedral i roto i te wā Soviet

Tetahi o nga Tartars, kaua e wikitoria ke e kore kua a St. Michael Monastery tukua taua parekura tūnguru whakauru, e rua i ona ake tangata i roto i nga wa Soviet haurangi faka'ikai'i-. A, no te i oho te whakapaipai Ukrainian i Kharkov ki Kiev, a ka mau tetahi rota o te wāhi mo te hanganga o ngā whare tari, whakahau nga mana Republican ki wahia te whare karakia tawhito.

Ahakoa whakamātau katoa ki te whakaora i te toi i te whakangaromanga o ahurei tohu tahito, i roto i 1934-1936, kawea te mahi i runga i tona tuuraki i roto. I wāhanga ora mosaic me frescoes o Golden-Domed Monastery karakia o St Michael. Kua whakakaha ratou i runga i te pūtake o hou, me te whakanohoia i roto i te St. Sophia Cathedral, kei roto i te pokapū o Kiev.

nga temepara haratau, e kua riro mongamonga taonga

Hei whakaora i te pikitia mosaic "Eucharist" i ki te hanga whare whakaaturanga roto o St. Sophia Cathedral taiepa, rite te tārua i te fokotu'utu'u o te Apse tapu Michael Ekalesia. Ētahi atu whatiwhatinga o mosaic me frescoes ngā i roto i te kohikohinga o ngā whare taonga i roto i Moscow, Leningrad ko Kiev.

I roto i te mahi Tiamana o nga mosaic me frescoes whakapaipai o te St Michael Monastery, i tangohia e ratou ki a Germany. I muri i te pakanga ka hoki ratou ki to tatou whenua, engari e kore e ki te pareparenga o te Dnieper, a i roto i ngā kohinga taonga i roto i te tahi atu pa. Ko te pukahu o St. Barbara, mō ngā rau tau maha, ko te wahi matua o te ohu whakapono, i e tanumia te timatanga o te Heoi i roto i te Vladimir Cathedral i Kiev. Ka taea te kite i te ahua mosaic o a St. Michael Monastery i Moscow, Leningrad ko Novgorod.

kia kī te reira i meka pouri rawa. Ko te mahere ki te hanga i te whare whakahaere i roto i te wahi i noho ai te mua te karakia matua o te St. Michael Monastery, e kore i whakatinana. Whakangaro te pou tino faufaa o te hoahoanga whare tawhito, i mahue te mana i roto i tona wahi te ururua i roto i te wā Soviet tohu ratou huru whakarihariha ki a ratou ake hītori.

Ahera ora

Hanga i roto i te mutunga o nga nineties i te kaihoahoa Yu Lissitzky, tuatahi te temepara i runga Mei 30, 1999. hoki te reira e rave rahi tūemi o te whakapaipai o mua, toa ake ki taua wa i roto i ngā whare taonga i te whenua o me pediment whakapaipai kape o te whakairo tawhito Arhangela Mihaila.

Te tōna whare, anō rite ki te whakapakoko tawhito, whakaturia he taonga puoro hou - he Carillon. Ki te awhina o kaiwaiata ngaio te mahi hanganga fakalaumālie matatini.