Ahua Political Heydar Aliyev: biography, ngā mahi, me ngā meka ngā

Aliev Geydar Alireza oğlu (whanau 5/10/23 i Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan - mate 12.12.03 i Cleveland, USA) - hau Azerbaijani kua nei hoki 30 nga tau kua tetahi o nga kaitōrangapū tino whai mana o te whenua kia rite ki te kawana, me te tiamana o te Republican KGB, Republican Hekeretari te rōpū me te peresideni repressive me fakaaoao o motuhake Azerbaijan.

Oil me Nagorno-Karabakh

Heydar Aliyev, tona haurongo kua oti i te tau o 80 nga tau, ko te upoko o Azerbaijan mai 1969 (ki te whati poto) noa Oketopa 2003, me te kua puta i te Brezhnev era rangatira rōpū i roto i te hoa ki statesmen Western. I roto i tona kingitanga i mahara e rua ngā: te hoko o Kapiana hinu (ki te "Kirimana o whare herehere te Century ') me te pakanga ki Armenia runga te rohe totohe o Nagorno-Karabakh - he kāhui i roto i Azerbaijan ki te taupori Armenian nuinga.

Ei peresideni o te kāwanatanga motuhake Aliyev ngakia te whakapakoko o te reforomatio. He tokomaha, Heoi, ka mahara ia kia rite ki te tangata e arahina te whenua e kore e faatura tika tangata, ka anga te pirau whānui te wahi mau mōhiohio.

Heydar Aliyev: biography

Iwi - Azerbaijani. whanau te tama a te kaimahi rerewē Aliyev i roto i Nakhichevan, te exclave Azerbaijani i Armenia. puta ia i te manga hītori o te Baku State University, a ka te Institute Industrial. I roto i te wā i waenganui i 1941 me 1944. riro Aliyev ringa tōrangapū i runga i te pou o te functionary matua o te Pāti Communist i tona ake whenua. Wawe i roto i tona mahi, ia matatau mawhiti pana i a ia i muri i ngā whakapae o te tūkino fakasekisualé i te taha o tika pōti kotahi.

roaa tona ingoa, me te tūranga Aliyev te KGB, moata ai i roto i nga rarangi o te Ratonga Haumarutanga Azerbaijan State mō te rua tekau tau i mua ka ia matenga tuarua o te whakahaere i te 1964, ka arahina ia e toru nga tau i muri mai.

I roto i te 1969, i whakaritea Heydar Aliyev i hēkeretari tuatahi o te Pāti Communist o Azerbaijan. Haurongo o te rangatira o te käwanatanga i roto i 1982, kua whakakiia te hui ona hua rite te mema tonu o te Politburo o te Komiti Central CPSU. i tino tupato i roto i pā ana ki tona kaiwhakaruruhau Aliyev, a ka tetahi o ona hoa tata. Ki te haerenga o Brezhnev ki Baku i 1982, mo te tauira, i hanga e ia he whare mo te whakamahi whaiaro o te Hekeretari-Tianara. Ko te rangatira Soviet reira hoki e rua nga po, i muri i katia te whare i.

whakama

Ko te whakarite a Mikhail Gorbachev rite rangatira Soviet i roto i te 1985 tohua te huringa koi i roto i te whakarau tōrangapū o Aliyev. Whakarihariha i roto i nga whārangi o te okana tā o te Komiti Central o te CPSU, "Pravda" mo te pirau i roto i te hanganga, ka e ia tetahi o nga patunga tuatahi - tawhito te kaitiaki. I roto i te 1987, i huia Gorbachev o tona nohoanga i roto i te Politburo, ka takoha ki te rihaina i tona pou rite upoko o te Pāti Communist o Azerbaijan. E au ra e ko te rangatira o tana mahi. i mua i Taimi nounou mate tana wahine Geydara Alieva.

i hono kaupapa haurongo ano ki Nakhichevan - ko reira i reira, i roto i tona pa taketake, ko Heydar poto taui. I roto i te 1990, ki tona koinga tōrangapū āhuatanga rihaina Aliyev i te Party Communist, mahara ki te whakahē i te mau ohipa o Black January, ka whakataka Soviet tāke i Baku, a i patua maha civilians.

motuhake

i whakatere kaupapa Hoki i rumaki tere o Azerbaijan i te āhua o te hepohepo ā-mai motuhake i roto i 1991 me te kore ki te whakatutuki i te wikitoria tere i roto i Nagorno-Karabakh. I roto i te 1992, ka Abulfaz Elchibey, rangatira o te Popular mua, e arahina te kaupapa mo te rangatiratanga, te peresideni manapori i tuatahi, engari ko ia he rangatira ngoikore.

e kore i taea te whakahokia te tikanga, a ka karangatia Heydar Aliyev ki te tautoko i te kāwanatanga i roto i Baku. hanga kaupapa here haurongo he tahuri koi hoki. A, no te i roto i te Hune 1993 i takoha Elchibey ki rere te whakapaipai, i muri i te tukipoto ngana, ka Aliev peresideni mahi. haere ana ia ki runga ki ki te mahi ki te tukipoto ki te aukati i te whawhai metarahi, a kua whakaukia rite upoko o te whenua i roto i te tāpaetanga pōti tū i roto i Oketopa o te taua tau.

Upoko o te kāwanatanga

tupu te reira i ki te wāhanga toto i raro i Aliyev Karabakh whawhai. A, no te haere mai ia ki te mana, kua whakakaha nga Ararata ratou tūranga i roto i te rohe nohoia o Azerbaijan, engari kihai i nga mahi hoia kawea i roto i. I roto i te Hakihea 1993, ka timata ano Aliyev ki te kawe i roto i mahi hōia tauine-tonu, i roa hoki 18 marama. Ko reira i roto i tenei wā i ngaro te nuinga o nga patunga 30,000 o te whawhai. Ka rite ki te hua o te pakanga 750,000 i takoha Azerbaijanis ki te waiho to ratou mau fare.

I nanakia ki tona hoariri tōrangapū Aliyev. whakakaha ia tona kaha, whakatakoto i roto i ngā tūranga matua o ona hoa i Nakhichevan. Ahakoa te riri tipu ki te kāwanatanga mo tana kore ki te kitea te otinga tonu ki te raruraru Nagorno Karabakh ranei ki te whakaea ki nga hopearaa pāpori-ohaoha o te whawhai, ahakoa te pirau tamau o rangatira, kua wā i taea ki te faaatea iho i te riri tūmatanui Aliyev. I roto i te Oketopa 1998, i pōtitia anō te kaupapa here ki 76% o te pōti, i kua ui rōpū pato'iraa me ngā ao te whaitake o te hua.

geopolitics

Aliev ko he kāri tetere i roto i te puka o te rauemi hinu o te Moana o Kapiana, me te i ia te kaha ki te whakatere i roto i te pakari ka hāpaitia e rawa uaua Caucasus, i whakaatu e pā ana ki ona koinga tōrangapū. Whanaunga ki te United States, a Western Europe faaite te hainatanga o te kirimana 1997 ki te International Oil Consortium, i ngā kamupene ki te hauauru he wahi nui i roto i te Moana o Kapiana. Ngāue fāitaha ki roroa hinu ke, tino arā ki te "Petroleum Ingarangi", ano ka Aliyev tetahi o nga ope peia i te whanaketanga o te paipa Baku-Ceyhan paipa, e whai ana ki te kawe hinu Kapiana ki te Te Hau-ā-uru mā Georgia ko Turkey.

Kua whakakaha tenei kaupapa paipa kua takoki te whanaunga ki a Moscow, engari whakahaere te upoko o Azerbaijan ki te karo i te mea kiano i matao oti. Hononga i waenganui i nga whenua e rua i i te taumata iti i roto i te peresideniraa Borisa Eltsina, engari ka kua tae mai te mana i roto i te Russia te paetahi o te KGB, Vladimir Putin, Heydar Aliyev, nei haurongo i pā ana hoki ki tenei whakahaere i taea ki te whakatū i te hononga. arotahi hoki te kaitōrangapū i runga i te hanga hononga kaha ki Turkey. Whanaunga ki Iran, i te mea te kāinga ki e pā ana ki 14 miriona. Azerbaijanis Ethnic tautoko nuitia Armenia, i roto i tona kingitanga, āta haere mai ki noa iho.

whare

kihai i Aliev whai wāhi i roto i te pōtitanga i Oketopa 2003, ka ūkuia hauora rawakore. Ko te tauatanga dynastic tuatahi i roto i te mua Soviet Union, ka te peresideni i tana tama Ilham. ka mea a OSCE e kore i te whakatau i te pōti paerewa o te ao, aru e te koroke.

Ahakoa Aliyev ka tuku ki te āhua o ratou hauora, kahore he mea ki te tohu i te ino o tona aravihi hinengaro. Ia he ahua koi me te hōhonu noho ki te mutunga.

mate 12.12.03 rangatira o te iwi Azerbaijani Aliev Geydar Alievich. haukotia kaupapa here haurongo i i te Cleveland hauora i roto i te US. tanumia Heydar i te Alley o kororia i roto i Baku.

Heydar Aliyev: biography, te utuafare

I roto i te 1948, ka moea e te kaitōrangapū heke mai Zarifa Aziz. Oketopa 12, 1955 i ratou i te tamahine Sevil, ko Hakihea 24, 1961 te tama Ilham. ora tamariki ratou papa. ka mate tana wahine, he ophthalmologist rongonui, ahorangi, academician o te Academy o Pūtaiao o Azerbaijan, o te mate pukupuku i te 1985.

Ko te tonotono pro-Western

Ko te take i riro te āpiha tawhito KGB rawa te whakaturia ake pro-British, ko reira te nuinga e tika ana ki te wāhi tino hira i riro i roto i Azerbaijan te kamupene "British Petroleum". Ko te anga o tahuri nga rahui nui o te hinu, me te hau i roto i te whenua o ona moni whanaketanga kei te nuinga ti'aturi i runga i te paipa i roto i Georgia ko Turkey, ki nei ite Russia kahore ngākau.

Kotahi rau tau ki muri, ko Baku te whakapaipai hinu o te ao, me etahi o te kororia ngaro whakahokia tenei ra. Ko te whakatuwheratanga o te rahui hou, me te nui tukua Aliyev ki te whakatutuki, i te iti rawa ki te whakapaipai, he tetahi tohu o te pai, aru i te raunga kikī o te dissent tōrangapū. Na ka tautoko tana tama tenei torohaki o te ahunga whakamua ōhanga.

Whakaaro aha i te ahua faahiahia o te kura Soviet tawhito Aliev Geydar Alireza, tona koioranga, kei roto i te reira i te iti rawa hawhe o te mea i mohio ia, e kua hanga e ia he wāhi nui ki to tatou māramatanga o te wā, e te mea i tawhiti atu.

hōnore

i whakawhiwhia Aliyev he maha o ngā tohu me mētara, tohu ao, pōtitia tākuta te kororia nui o ngā pūtahi o te mātauranga teitei huri noa te ao.

Ko ia e rima nga wa whakahonoretia ki te Order o Lenin, kua riro te Order o te Star Whero, maha mētara, me mētara o whenua ke. I rua whakawhiwhia e ia te Hero taitara o-pāpori Reipa.

I roto i te 1997, i whakawhiwhia Aliyev te Order rawa Ukrainian Yaroslava Mudrogo i 1999 riro ia te Turkish Ataturk rangimarie paraihe me te taitara o hōnore Ahorangi o Moscow State University.

I roto i te 2003, i pōtitia Aliyev ahorangi me te mema tonu o te Academy o Haumarutanga, Defense me tikanga ture o nga take Russian Federation. I whakawhiwhia e ia te Order o Andropov me Andreya Pervozvannogo.

I roto i te 2004, i hanga ai e Geydara Alieva Foundation. Haurongo hau, rite e te Institute o History o te Academy o Pūtaiao o Azerbaijan, i whakaputaina i roto i te 2013.