Āhuatanga hanganga o nga pūtau hanga tīwae o te kiko. E awhitia ana (hanga tīwae) rau kiko o te pereti tipu

Pārōnaki o ngā pūtau me te kopa e whai wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te tinana. Ka taea te whakaritea i te wehenga o ngā kawenga mo ia pūtau ki te wehenga o te mahi i roto i te wheketere, ki te ia waeine mahi tona mahi tūturu anake, e taea te whiwhi te hua whānui i roto i te wā poto. Ko te taua pā ki tetahi rauropi ora, tona kounga o te ora tei runga i te matatini o te whanaketanga me te kukuwhatanga o niches nohoia.

He aha te mea he koiora pūtau kaiao ora

Whare herehere - te wae hanganga me te mahi o nga mea ora katoa. Te kore pea hanga wheori - puka ora kore-pūtau. Papanga - he huinga o ngā pūtau me te taonga intercellular, he te hanganga ano, mahi, me te takenga. Koiora mahi pūtau e hāngai ana i runga i tona hanganga, fakahā atu nei e te tohu o te whakahaere o te kararehe te tipu ranei.

Ko te pārōnaki o nga pūtau o kararehe me ngā otaota haere hoki i roto i te ontogenesis. Ia o ratou mai i te kiko kawainga, ki te mea te kararehe, ko te pūtau kakau, te otaota - meristem.

He aha te mea he pūtau? Biology me te hanganga pūtau taea ki a ratou kia whakarōpūtia ki e rua ngā rōpū.

1. pūtau Eukaryotic. Ēnei ngā nga wae hanganga o te kararehe, me te tipu kaiao.

2. Ko te pūtau prokaryotic. E āhuatanga ratou i te ngaro o te karihi, me te tahi atu organelles. Hoki kaiao prokaryotic ngā huakita.

pūtau kararehe Hanganga

Ko te ako o ngā hanganga pūtau whai wāhi i roto i te koiora. I kitea te hanganga o te pūtau kararehe e Hooke i te rau tau 19, engari i tino whakawakia ai ofi ki te mano tau 20.

pūtau kararehe Ko karapotia he cytoplasm plasmalemma. I roto i te cytoplasm o "rewa" te ngā organelles me inclusions. Na roto i te organelles he lysosomes, pungaraungao, Golgi taputapu, kiriuwhi, peroxisomes. Whakaurunga - he matū e kua rewa i roto i te cytosol me e tatari noa e hiahiatia ana e ratou mo te hanganga o ngā hanganga o te pūtau.

Haunga te whakatokia, kahore he i roto i te pūtau kararehe te taiepa pūtau, te miru me te pūkano tipumata. pānga No atu matatini paninga, hei tauira, i runga i nga pau o te deformation plasmalemma i roto i wehekarihi.

Ko te hanganga o te pūtau tipu

Ko nui atu i te kararehe taonga io ā-ihirangi whakato pūtau. Tuatahi, ka taea e kitea e koe dvumembrannye hanganga - chloroplasts. Na te mahi, ko te ki te whakarite kia te tukanga o te ahotakakame, e te mea nui hoki te tipu i roto i ngā o te puna pūngao atu me ki te manawa, me te kūhuka.

Ko te pūtau tipu atu waho hipoki e te taiepa pūtau. Kei a ia ko muka cellulose, me te mata o te whakapā o rua pūtau pātata tonu pectin reira. He he pera kaha matatini waho e kore e tukua whakapā rite te mahi pūtau kararehe. Ko te tūranga matua takaro e waka i roto i te hanganga o ngā pūtau. Grade 6, i roto i nei kua koiora kua ako e kore te mea pera hohonu, e kore e whakarato reira mōhiohio e pā ana ki te desmosomes - kōputaputa motuhake i roto i te taiepa pūtau, e mahi ki te neke matū i tetahi pūtau ki tetahi. Ki enei hanganga kia whakapā atu te miru mā te piriti diameter iti.

Miru - Ko tetahi atu rerekētanga i te tipu pūtau kararehe tenei. Ko tōna mahi ko te rokiroki o pāhare kaha matū,, waikawa, konupūmā ki te āwhina ū ai te kaha osmotic. Ano, i taea e pāhare me te waikawa pēhia te tirotiro o te cytoplasm, pera kia ratou kia kei roto i te organelle taratahi ki te membrane motuhake, e kore e taea e tomo i roto i te rāpoi ngota o tenei rahi. Miru membrane huaina te tonoplast.

Katoa te hanganga o nga pūtau hanga tīwae o te kikokiko āhuatanga he ōrite ki te hanganga mahere o te tipu ngā pūtau.

pūtau prokaryotic

Bacteria (rite māngai o te prokaryotes) e evolutionarily iti whakawhanakehia kaiao. karapotia te cytosol pūtau kitakita e te membrane, taiepa pūtau me te capsule mucous. Roto i reira ko te organelles e kua kitea i roto i eukaryotes. Kei te ngaro hoki te pata, a te aroaro te rauemi iranga katoa i roto i te nuinga o te huakita, ko te kotahi anake pūira.

tautoko pākia pūtau e hanganga motuhake - mesosoma. tohu ratou te tereraa o te membrane cytoplasmic ki te pūtau, me to ratou mahi, ko te ki te respiration ahotakakame ranei, i roto i te take o te huakita photosynthetic.

Ko te ngaro o te pata āwhina ki te whakanui ake i te tere o te tuhinga me te translation. Kei te nui haere hoki auau ā-rua o te wehenga pūtau: he koroni o huakita taea whawhati ratou tau nga 20 meneti.

mahi a te pūtau

Whare herehere rite te kōwae hanganga me te mahi o nga mea ora katoa e mahi ngā mahi e pā ana ki te tiaki o te mahi faufaa. takaro te tūranga matua e te hanganga o te pūtau. Grade 6, i roto i nei te koiora kua ako i te taumata wawe, e tai'oe te āhuatanga matua o te whakahaere o te wae pūtau.

Whakatau i o te tipu ngā pūtau - he tukanga multistage e i hanga e meristem i te momo o te tahi atu te kopa: coverslips, puha, whakarato aunoa. Pūtau i ia o enei kopa rerekē i tetahi ki tetahi i roto i te hanganga me te mahi mahi ratou. Hei tauira, te mahi o te hipoki te pūtau - e kore e ki te tuku āpiha ke i roto i te tinana, ina he tika mo te waka o ngā matū waro me te kohuke i roto i te tipu i te huānga whakahaere.

tutuki Ngā pāhekoheko o ngā pūtau e terminals motuhake e huaina nei ko plasmodesmata. puta te mahi ture i te taumata matüora i te momo o whākōkī me metabolites.

Rārangi - nga whekau vegetative o ngā tipu

Ko te mahi o whēkau vegetative ko ki mau tonu te kaha ki te ora i te tipu i te taumata tino pai. no hoki Leaf ki tenei rōpū, na tona mahi matua - ko reira photosynthetic.

papanga tīwae - ko te kiko rau photosynthetic matua tenei. Kei a ia ko ngā pūtau parenchymal, i te mea he rota o chloroplasts. Ko ofi ange ki te mata o te pepa ki te whiwhi atu te pūngao kōmaru, me te, i runga i, ake i te tere me te kakama o te ahotakakame runga kiko pūtau hanga tīwae.

Hoki tomo te whārangi kiko tu'ūlutui, ano nei he chloroplasts, engari he tawhiti iti iho i te parenchyma polisadnoy ratou tau. Ko te take i te mahi matua o ngā pūtau o te kiko tu'ūlutui - he utu hau e tika ana ki ngā wāhi nui intercellular.

Ko te hanganga āhuatanga o te pūtau hanga tīwae o te rau kiko

Ko e awhitia ana parenchyma i te papa o runga o te pepa ki te whakaemi i te nui nui o te pūngao kōmaru. E mea titauhia mo te rere pai o ngā wāhanga marama, me te pouri o te ahotakakame, e kua whakaratohia māramatanga anake.

Ko te pūtau he puka porotakaroa elongated, nei mahi matua - - tīwae pūtau o te tukanga ahotakakame. Hoki tenei i reira e rave rahi tekau o chloroplasts, e kua kei i runga i te taha pūtau i roto i ngā pūtau kiko hanga tīwae. he fokotu'utu'u taua i roto i te cytosol wāhi e tika ana ki te mata hua rā absorption.

I roto i te C4 otaota o hanganga rau ngahere pārūrū, me te weheruatanga ao ko te iti rerekē. Kei ratou kiko hanga tīwae te i roto i te papa runga rawa, me te lowermost o te tinana. Ko e tika ana ki te peculiarities o te atamira pouri o te ahotakakame o enei otaota tenei.

Kei te whakamahia Āhuatanga o te hanganga o ngā pūtau kiko hanga tīwae ki te whakarei ake whakato ahotakakame pai.

He aha te mea ahotakakame?

Ahotakakame - he tukanga maha-matüora e puta pūngao i roto i te puka o te ATP me te kūhuka - warowaihā i rongoa e te tipu.

Kei te wehea ahotakakame ki e rua ngā wāhanga: marama, me te pouri. I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi, te photolysis o te wai, kaihoko tuku hāora me i-ariā o ATP, NADPH. Te taahiraa ahotakakame pouri ko te Niniiraa o tauhohe raupapa, hua synthesized kūhuka huka ranei analogs.

He aha te mahi Me ahotakakame tipu?

Ki te mau tonu i te toa te ora te tipu noa nui o māngaro. Māngaro - he hukarau, i te mea he waetahi kūhuka. Ehara i Koinei, e tangohia te tinana o otaota o ngā akomanga katoa taea o te mea ōrau nui rawa organic warowaihā.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga o ngā pūtau kiko hanga tīwae tōtika e taea e haru pūngao marama, i te mea faufaa no te tauhohe matüora o te ahotakakame. I roto i takahanga pouri synthesized kūhuka me ētahi atu hexoses, e penapena i roto i te puka o te nui rāpoi māngaro polymeric i roto i ngā pūtau parenchymal. Ahakoa i roto i te tahi mau taime taea nga chloroplasts ki mau i nga purapura māngaro.