Āhuatanga, ngā āhuatanga, whakahaere o ngā rōpū pūtea nama i roto i Russia

Credit poi o whanaunga moni he āhuatanga motuhake o te āhua o te mahi. Ko te kaupapa o te hoko kaimahi te tika ki te whakamahi i te moni. I roto i ngā faingofua, mo te wā pūmau o te wā huri moni ariki. Na reira, he ona ake āhuatanga te whakahaere o ngā pūtahi pūtea nama.

whene

pūtahi nama Finance, i runga i te ringa kotahi e whakamahia mo te pai, a ki runga ki te tahi atu - i pānga macroeconomic. pā ana te mahi o taua whare kei te ki te rerekē haere o moni i roto i te ōhanga, te whakarite pūmautanga o hinonga ohaoha. Tenei whene homai ara ki etahi o nga āhuatanga o ngā pūtahi pūtea tuku.

pūtake ture

rōpū nama Finance i Russia e hanga e runga i te kaupapa o te ture Federal "I Banks me Banking Mahi". Credit institution ko te hinonga ture, i te mea ki te hanga i te pai mā te whakatinana i te raupapa o ngā mahi o te raihana Central Bank. Puka o te mana e taea e tetahi.

whakarato te ture mo te hanganga o e rua ngā momo o ngā rōpū: pareparenga me ngā pūtahi pēke-kore. He te Bank i te tika motuhake ki te kukume putunga i te hinonga tūmatanui, me te ture ki te tohatoha moni i runga i nga ngā o utu, me te utu, te pupuri pūkete, hanga whakawhitinga i runga i te hoko me te hoko o peeke, a na i runga i. whakahaere D. Non-pēke e te tika ki te kawe i roto i anake wahi o te ngā mahi i runga ake.

ture State

whakapumautia te ture he rahi iti o te whakapaipai haamanahia o te pareparenga i te rā o pouaka te tono mō te rēhita. Ko ia 300 miriona moni. regulates hoki te Bank o Russia te rahi mōrahi o takoha kore-moni me te rārangi o ngā rawa e kia whai wāhi ai ki te whakapaipai mana. I roto i te ngā, e kore e taea te hanga e whakapaipai o te pareparenga i te utu o loans i ētahi atu whare. kia noho tonu te hanganga pānga i roto i te tau tuatahi e toru o te mahi. Kua whakawhanakehia hoki Central Bank he maha o paerewa, whakahauanga hoki ngā kaiuru mākete katoa. Kei te faaterehia te reira i te taha o te nui iti o ake moni, te taumata o te whakaea me te tere.

te Manatü o ngā rauemi

Finance institution nama pūtea whai wāhi i roto i te Tuhinga o ngā rauemi i te taumata tonotono me moroiti. Banks whakaara moni i takitahi me hinonga pakihi, a ka whakamahi ia ratou mo whakawhitinga i roto i te mākete pūtea.

kai

Banks pupuri nga moni o hinonga ture, me te āhua. I roto i te mau taime o te raruraru, ka mamae noa te pūnaha pūtea. Na reira, ka pareparenga puka rāhui mō loans ki taunaha i roto i ngā whakawhitinga ki te Central Bank kia whakawhiti ki te pūmana pūkete.

Tohu o ngā pūtahi moni pūtea

• Ko te tikanga noa o ngā rawa i roto i nga rohe ture whakaritea.
• E whakaratohia ana moni mo te whakamahi rangitahi mō te tetahi wā o te wā - paari me te utu.
• Utua - mo te whakamahi o te whakapaipai e tika ana ki te utu i te moni.
• Riskiness - E meinga pokanga ki mōrea iti, e taea e kawe hua wā roa-.
• hanganga ture whakahauanga ki ture whakawhanakehia whakahaere i te pūmautanga o ngā pūtahi nama.

Homai nga āhuatanga o te pūtahi nama pūtea, e taea te wehea moni whanaunga ki e rua ngā rōpū. Ko te tuatahi mo ki te whakahaere o ngā mahi e whakahaere arumoni (ratonga pēke), me te tuarua - ki te pau o te pūnaha rite te katoa. I roto i pupuri i nga pareparenga o te moni, mahi ratou rite takawaenga i waenganui i te kāwanatanga me te taupori, me te whai wāhi i roto i te mahi hokohoko peeke.

whakahaere pūnaha

I roto i te Russia, he pūnaha pēke e rua-taumata. He wehenga whare nama Finance. Ko e tika ana ki te āhua o whanaunga mākete tenei. whakarato hinonga Free te tohatoha o ngā rauemi i roto i ngā pūtahi nama. A me whakahaeretia tenei tukanga, no te mea te whakamahi pareparenga kore anake ratou ake, engari whakaarahia ano hoki moni, tae atu i te kāwanatanga. Ka taea te kite tahatika Central katoa i runga i te ao rite takawaenga i waenganui i te kāwanatanga me te ōhanga. ngā ratou nga āhuatanga o pūtahi nama me ngā pokapū kāwanatanga.

Ko te mau parau tumu o te mahi o te Bank o Russia

Central Bank o te mana ā-ture whakapumautia i roto i te Ture me te ture e hānga ana o te taua ingoa. I te taumata ture, te mahi matua o te regulator ko ki te whakarite i te pūmautanga o te moni motu. pü ana te ture e hānga ana e te mahi mana e pā ana ki te pai-kore, no te mea kahore he pai te whāinga hopea.

E wehea mana regulator ki e rua ngā rōpū. hono ana te tuatahi kei te ki te mahi o ngā mahi tūmatanui (mana o te kaupapa here moni), me te tuarua - ki te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi pēke. Tuatahi rere noa, me te tuarua - i te tere whakapumautia.

Capital me te taonga katoa o te Bank o Russia he wahi o te kāwanatanga e hānga ana, engari ko te whakahaere kei te whakaaro ano ki te kia ture me motuhake moni. Ko e tika ana hoki te whakahaere te huru tuatahi o te kaupapa here moni. motuhake pūtea Ko e kore e te Bank o Russia kia tika hoki te herenga o te kāwanatanga, me te e te pütea takitahi katoa o ona ngā mahi.

I muri i te whakaaetanga o nga kaute ā-tau hawhe o hua pēke whakawhiti ki te pūtea e hānga ana. Kei te whakahaua e te toe tetahi wahi ki te provisioning me turanga. Taxation o ngā mahi whakamana i runga i te NC, ki te kahore te hunga e pā ana ki ture kāwanatanga.

pūtahi nama Finance Organization

Kua puta ke te whakawhiti ki te ōhanga mākete te hanganga o te whakapaipai o ngā pūtahi pūtea. I teie mahana, te puna matua o te moni i roto i te manakohia te tika, ngā i te mākete pūtea. I roto i te ōhanga whakahaere-whakahau, i hanga whakapaipai nga pareparenga 'i i te utu o ngā rauemi kāwanatanga. Neke atu i te wa, ka nui haere te reira i te maha o ngā hua e patua ana. timata Banks ki te farii i hua hoki RZB, i ngā mahi ki ngā konganuku, Moni, riihi, Factoring, whakawhitinga forfaiting.

Organization o ngā pūtahi moni pūtea, ko te ki te kukume moni poto noa, me te i te wa ano whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rauemi o te taupori me te hinonga ohaoha. Na reira, e taea te kitea i roto i te hanganga o ngā rauemi pēke:

• ake moni: share whakapaipai, rāhui, moni motuhake me hua;
• taunahatanga - Ko te moni i whakaarahia i ngā mahi hāngū (putunga kiritaki) ki te kawe i ngā mahi hohe (moni).

pai o te pēke

Ko te uara o ngā rauemi o te whakahaere pānga te rōrahi o whakawhitinga. Ki te whakawhiti ki te ōhanga mākete kua puta ke te kounga o te whakapaipai. Organization o ngā pūtahi moni pūtea ko e pai he inaianei e kore anake te whāinga hopea, engari ano hoki he tohu pāpori nui. Kua pā ana tona aroaro, me te rahi ki te ngākau nuitanga o ngā rōpū rerekē o kiritaki:

• pai hoki kaipupuri ko te tohu matua o te moni;
• hoki ngā kaimahi - i te whai wāhi ki te kia utu mo te mahi te kounga;
• mō te tipu kaitono e moni ko te roha o te turanga rauemi me te pea o te whiwhi i te taurewa i runga i ngā atu pai.

tātai pai o te pēke e rite te rerekētanga i waenganui i moni i ngā mahi, me te utu o to ratou whakatinanatanga, te taputapu whakahaere ihirangi. Income, i roto i ngā, moni i runga i loans, utu mo te whakataunga moni, moni i whakawhitinga i roto i peeke, Moni, konganuku utu nui, ngā mahi taurangi, te whakahaere rawa, riihi, ratonga tohutohu, me pera i runga i. D.

Na roto i te whakapaunga ngā mahi ngā utu utua ki te pūtea o te takoha, moni i runga i putunga, te kōmihana i interbank loans, ratonga utu ki kaituhi, te utu o whakawhitinga i roto i peeke, Moni, konganuku utu nui, ko te hanganga o rahui, taputapu whakahaere ihirangi.

whakahaere

Ko te pūtahi pūtea i reira e rua ngā o te whakamahi rauemi. pūtea hāngai (pūtea) taea pānga ki te faaohipa mana ki runga i te kaupapa o moni. Nā ki kore take o ngā rauemi, ka taea e pareparenga whakawhānui i te whatunga peka ki te tiki i te OS ki whakatenatena kaimahi ki te whai wāhi i roto i te aroha.

Ko te hua i roto i ngā rauemi o tetahi whakahaere arumoni tutuki te hua o hua, me te whakaiti o utu. e kore he hāngai ki pareparenga nei matua mahi ko te issuance me whakaoranga o taurewa tenei parau tumu. Ko te rōrahi o te pai ona, tei runga i te nui i homai me te rahi o te auau huamoni i runga i a ratou. Na reira, ko te mahi matua i roto i te whakahaere o ngā rauemi pūtea, ko te ki te whakapiki ake i te nui o ake moni.

Ko te huarahi māmā ki tenei whāinga - ki te whakapiki ake i te whakapaipai mana. ka whakanui i Capital roha te nui mōrahi o taurewa ia nama, me te arotahi ki runga i haumi wā roa-.