Analysis FMEA: tono Tauira me te

wā whakatika hē i roto i te hoahoa me te hanga o ngā taputapu. He aha te mea te hua? te maua e Manufacturer parekura nui e pā ana ki ngā whakamātautau atu, inspections me huringa hoahoa. Heoi, ko reira - e kore te tukanga whakakeke. Arotake i tuma me whakaraeraetanga taea, me te ki te tātari i te hē pea e kia pokanoa ki mahi o te taputapu, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i FMEA tātaritanga.

Hoki te wā tuatahi i tenei tikanga o te tātari i whakamahia i roto i te US i 1949. Na ka ka whakamahia reira anake i roto i te ahumahi hōia i roto i te hoahoa o patu hou. Heoi, i roto i nga whakaaro FMEA 70 i roto i te mara o corporations nui. Ko tētahi o te tuatahi whakaurua te kamupene hangarau Ford (i taua wa - te kaiwhakanao motokā nui).

whakamahia teie mahana tikanga FMEA-tātaritanga te i roto i tata katoa hinonga mīhini-hanga. Ko te mau parau tumu o te whakahaere mōrearea, me te tātari kore te take whakaahuatia i roto i te GOST R 51901.12-2007.

Whakamarama me te ngako o te tikanga

FMEA - he whakarāpopototanga o te Aratau Rahunga me Pānga Analysis. Ko tenei - te hangarau o tātari o ngā momo me te mau hopearaa o rahunga taea (kohakore, e tika ana ki nei te ahanoa ngaro tona kaha ki te mahi i ona mahi). He aha te pai ko tenei tikanga? E horo'a te reira i te kamupene ha faingamālie ki te pahika raruraru pūmanawa me malfunctions noa i te wā hoahoa. I roto i te tātari i te kaiwhakanao e tango te mōhiohio e whai ake nei:

• he rārangi o hē pea me malfunctions;
• tātaritanga o te take o to ratou tupu, pakeke me mau hopearaa;
• tūtohutanga ki te whakaiti i te tūponotanga i roto i te raupapa o te matua;
• aromatawai whānui o te haumaru me te tika o ngā hua me ngā pūnaha i roto i te whānui.

Kua tuhia raraunga whiwhi i te tātari. E whakarōpūtia e te pakeke, noho pai o te rapunga, maintainability me te auau o te tupu mau hape katoa kitea, ka ako. Ko te mahi matua - ki te tāutu raruraru i mua i ratou puta a ka pā kiritaki te kamupene o.

Hōkai FMEA-tātari

Kei te whakamahia whānuitia ana tēnei tikanga o te rangahau i roto i tata mara hangarau katoa, pēnei i:

• automotive me te pahi;
• ahumahi Aerospace;
• matū me te hinu;
• hanga;
• hanga o te taputapu ahumahi me te mīhini.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, piki e nga tikanga aromatawai mōrearea tono i roto i te rāngai ahumahi-kore - hei tauira i roto i te whakahaere, me te hokohoko.

Ka taea te kawea FMEA atu i ngā wāhanga katoa o te huringa ora hua. Heoi, whakamana te nuinga o te tātaritanga kei i runga i te atamira o te whanaketanga me te hua akatuke'anga, me te whakamahi i te hanganga ngā i roto i te taiao hou.

momo

Ki te awhina o te hangarau ako FMEA kore anake te ngā huarahi me ngā pūrere, engari ano hoki tukanga whakahaere i te kamupene o, hanga me te mahi o ngā hua. I roto i ia take, he ona ake āhuatanga motuhake te tikanga. kia kia te tātari kaupapa:

• pūnaha hangarau;
• hanganga me ngā hua;
• tukanga production, taputapu, tāutanga me te tiaki o ngā hua.

I roto i te ako o te tikanga whakatau i te mōrea o te hanganga ture kāore anō-, puta he raruraru i roto i te mahi, me te kino, me te ora ratonga iti. e tenei ki ngā āhuatanga rauemi pūkete, te āhuahanga o te hanganga, ona āhuatanga, te atanga pāhekoheko ki ētahi atu pūnaha.

FMEA-tātaritanga o te tukanga heheu maioro e pā te kounga me te haumaru o ngā hua. e hoki ki utu kiritaki pūkete me ngā tūponotanga taiao. Here, kia puta raruraru i runga i te wahi o te tangata (hei tauira kamupene kaimahi), hanga hangarau, rauemi raw whakamahia me taputapu, ine pūnaha, te pānga i runga i te taiao.

whakamahia te ako huarahi rerekē:

• "Top-iho" (i ngā pūnaha nui ki kōrero iti me ngā huānga);
• He "raro ake" (i te hua takitahi me wahi ona ki te pūnaha production).

Tei te kōwhiringa i runga i te whakaaro o te tātari. E nehenehe te reira wahi o te ako whānui, i roto i te tua ki ētahi atu tikanga, whakamahia rite te taputapu tūkotahi ranei.

ngā wāhanga o

Ahakoa o nga mahi motuhake, tū FMEA-tātaritanga o nga take me nunu'a o kore tupu i roto i hātepe te ao. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou i roto i te taipitopito atu tenei tukanga.

Te faaineineraa o te rōpū tohunga

Tuatahi o te katoa, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatau ko wai e whakahaere te ako. Kapa - tetahi o nga parau tumu matua o te FMEA. Anake tenei hōputu whakarato te kounga me te objectivity o te whakamātautau, me te waihanga wāhi mō ngā whakaaro rereke. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ngā te rōpū o 5-9 iwi. Kei roto te reira i:

• Kaiwhakahaere Kaupapa;
• kaipūkaha, e mahi ana i te tukanga whanaketanga;
• kaipūkaha hoahoa;
• māngai o te ratonga production mana kounga ranei;
• mahi te Tari ki kiritaki.

Ki te tika mo te tātari o ngā hanganga me ngā tukanga kia puritia e tohunga tohu i ngā rōpū waho. Aparauraa o ngā raruraru me rongoā ka taea puta i roto i te raupapa o ngā wā tonu ki runga ki te 1.5 haora. Ka taea te kawea ratou ki waho i roto i te tonu, a i roto i te hanganga pahara (ki te kore te aroaro o tohunga motuhake e hiahia ana ki te whakaoti i te take o te wā).

Ko te ako o te kaupapa

Hei kawe i roto i te tātari FMEA he tika ki te mārama te tautuhi i te ahanoa o ako me ona rohe. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te tukanga, kia tautapa koe te tīmatanga me te hui whakamutunga. Hoki taputapu me ngā hanganga te katoa māmā - ka taea e koe te tiro i ratou pūnaha rite matatini ranei arotahi ki runga i ngā tikanga motuhake me ngā wāhanga. Ka taea te whakaaro mismatches ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o te wāhanga kiritaki o te huringa ora hua, geography, te whakamahinga, me te pera i runga i. D.

I tenei wā, kia whai i te ngā mema o te rōpū tohunga he whakamārama taipitopito o te ahanoa, ona mahi me te mau parau tumu e mahi. Me kia wātea, me te mārama ki ngā mema katoa o te tīma whakamārama. whakaaturanga te tikanga tū te wātū tuatahi, kei te ako tohunga nga tohutohu mo te hanga me te mahi o ngā hanganga, whakamahere tawhā, tuhinga paerewa, tuhinga.

# 3: Drawing ake he rārangi o hē pea

I muri i te wahi ariā o te kapa puta ki te aro mātai o rahunga taea. He rārangi oti o maioro taea katoa me kohakore e kia puta i te pae. kia whai pānga ratou ki te rärangi o etahi huānga ratou mahi hē (iti mana hē hua iti) ranei. I roto i te tātaritanga o te tukanga e tika ana ki te whakarārangi ngā mahi hangarau motuhake, i raro i nei i reira ko te mōrea o ngā hapa - pērā i mahi-kore mahi ta'etotonú ranei.

Whakaahuatanga o te pūtake me ngā huanga

Ko te mahi i muri mai - i te i roto i-hohonu tātaritanga o taua āhuatanga. Ko te mahi matua - ki te matau aha i taea e meinga tenei atu ranei hapa, me pehea kia pā i te hē kitea nga kaimahi, kiritaki me te kamupene rite te katoa.

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau i nga take pea o kapa hē ako whakaahuatanga o ngā mahi, whakaaetia whakaritenga mo ratou whakatinanatanga, me te pūrongo tauanga. Ka taea hoki nga meneti o te FMEA-tātari tohu āhuatanga mōrearea e taea te kamupene te whakarite.

I te wa ano kei te whakaaro te rōpū aha e taea te mahi ki te whakakore i te tupono o te tupu o mea kohakore, whakarato tikanga o te mana, me te auau tino arotau o inspections.

aromatawai tohunga

He aha te i muri? timata ngā mema FMEA-rōpū ki te tātari i ia te kore i runga i ngā paearu matua e toru:

1. S - Pākahatanga / auraa. whakatau te reira i pehea nui ka te mau hopearaa o te koha ki te kiritaki. Whanganga i te tauine 10-ira (1 - tata kahore pānga, 10 - catastrophic, me i te kaiwhakanao kaiwhakarato ranei e taea te waiho whiu taihara).
2. E - Tupu / tūponotanga. Whakaatu ka taea e te tini o te ofatiraa motuhake, me ranei kia korerotia te āhuatanga (1 - kitea kore e roto i neke atu i te 10% o ngā take - tino pea 10).
3. D - Haurapa / rapunga. Ko te tawhā mo te aromatawai o tikanga mana: E te āwhina ratou ki te tautuhi i hohoro te rerekētanga (1 - e tata whai ki te kitea, 10 - he koha huna e kore e taea te kitea i mua i te tīmatanga o te pānga).

I runga i enei aromatawai whakatau te tau matua o te mōrea (HRR) mo ia momo o te kore. Ko te tohu kano e taea ki a koe e kitea i roto i te mea kino, me maumaui tū te riri nui ki te u, me ona kiritaki tenei. Tatau whakamahi i te tātai:

Ko te HRR teitei - i te ofatiraa atu kino, me te kino o ona mau hopearaa. Ko te mahi tuatahi, ko te ki te whakakore i whakaiti i te mōrea o hē me malfunctions i ai nui te uara 100-125 ranei. Mai i 40 ki te 100 ngā riro disorders he he taumata toharite o te riri, a HRR i raro 40 kī e he iti te kore, he onge, me taea te kitea kahore raruraru.

Whanaketanga o tono me ngā tūtohutanga

I muri te arotake i te ine me ratou mau hopearaa, tāutu te rōpū mahi FMEA wāhi matua o te mahi. Ko te mahi tuatahi, ko te ki te utu ake he mahere o mehua fakatonutonu mo te "bottlenecks" - huānga me ngā mahi ki te HRR teitei. Ki te whakaiti i te taumata riri ki kia tākiekina e tetahi atu ranei tawhā:

• faaore i te take tuatahi o te kore, te huri i te tukanga hoahoa (aro mātai e) ranei;
• ārai takanga o te koha i ngā tikanga mana tauanga (aro mātai e);
• ki te faaiti i te mau hopearaa kino mō kiritaki me kiritaki - pērā i utu raro hoki hua hapa (tata S);
• ki te whakauru taputapu hou mō te kite wawe o hape, me te hanga o muri (whakatauranga D).

Ko te kamupene e taea puta tonu ki te whakatinana i te tūtohutanga, kapa FMEA i whakawhanake i tētahi mahere ki te whakatinana a ratou, e tohu ana i te raupapa, me te wā o ia mahi. Ko te taua tuhinga whakarato ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā kaitoi me te hunga kawenga mō te whakatutuki i mehua fakatonutonu, puna o pūtea.

Komititanga ake

Ko te atamira whakamutunga - i te faaineineraa o te pūrongo mō ngā whakahaere o te kamupene o te. E wāhanga kia roto i te reira?

1. tuhipoka Overview me āmiki e pā ana ki te ako.
2. take Potential o hē i roto i te hanga / mahi o te taputapu me ngā mahi hangarau.
3. Rārangi o mau hopearaa taea mō kaimahi me kiritaki - mo ia ofatiraa.
4. Aromatawai i te taumata o te mōrea (tae noa ki te ati o maumaui e taea, e o ratou e taea e arahi ki ngaahi nunua mamafa).
5. He rārangi o tūtohutanga mō te mahi tiaki, kaihoahoa me tohunga i roto i te mara o te whakamahere.
6. Apiti me ngā pūrongo i runga i te whakahaere i ngā mahi whakatika i runga i te hua tātaritanga.
7. Ko te rārangi o tuma pea me mau hopearaa e tonu e tika ana ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te kaupapa.

Ki te pūrongo nga tepu katoa, kauwhata me ngā hoahoa, e kua whakamahia mō te mātakitaki o ngā mōhiohio i runga i ngā take nui. Me whakarato te rōpū mahi iahiko maioro aro mātai e whakamahia ana i roto i te faufaa, auau, me te tūponotanga o te rapunga ki wetemuna taipitopito o te tauine (e te tikanga he nui etahi o ngā).

Me pēhea te ki te whakaoti kawa FMEA?

I roto i te ako, kia raraunga katoa e tuhia i roto i te tuhinga motuhake. Tenei "tātari Kawa o te pūtake me ngā huanga o FMEA». Ko ia he tepu pūkenga, i tomo te mōhiohio katoa e pā ana ki hē taea. Ko e tika ana mō te ako o tetahi taonga pūnaha me ngā tukanga i roto i ahumahi katoa tenei puka.

ki tonu te wahi tuatahi e hāngai ana i runga i ngā tirohanga whaiaro o te mau melo o te rōpū, te ako o tatauranga pakihi, tohutohu mahi me te tahi atu tuhinga. Ko te mahi matua - ki te ite e kia pokanoa ki te mīhini, e mahi ana i tetahi mahi ranei. I hui o te rōpū mahi ko ki te aromatawai i te mau hopearaa o enei maumaui, ki te whakahoki kupu pehea e kino ki kaimahi me kiritaki ratou, a he aha te mea te tūponotanga e ka kitea te koha noa i te wā production.

I roto i te wāhanga tuarua o te kawa whakaahua ana te kōwhiringa mo te ārai me te tango o maioro, he rārangi o mehua hangaia FMEA-rōpū. whakaratohia tētahi kauwhata motuhake te mo te whakarite o te kawenga mō te whakatinanatanga o etahi mahi, a i muri i whakatikatika ki te hoahoa ranei tukanga pakihi, ngā upoko whakahaere i roto i te rārangi kawa o te mahi e mahi. Ko te atamira whakamutunga - i te re-māka, tango ki pūkete nga huringa katoa. Na roto i te te whakatairite i te whika tuatahi, me te whakamutunga, ka taea e tatou e faaoti e pā ana ki te whai huatanga o te rautaki whiriwhiri.

Hoki ia ahanoa, he kawa motuhake. I te tihi ko te ingoa o te tuhinga - "Analysis o nga momo me nunu'a o hē pea." Just raro te tauira i whakaritea o te taputapu ranei ingoa tukanga, te rā o te (whakaritea) inspections o mua, me te muri, te rā o nāianei, me te hainatanga o nga mema o katoa o te rōpū mahi me tona rangatira.

TAUIRA FMEA-tātari ( "Plant Making Tulinovsky Taputapu")

Fakakaukau ki he founga te tukanga o te arotake mōrearea i runga i te wheako o te kamupene ahumahi Russian nui. I tetahi wa, te kaiārahi o "Tulinovskogo taputapu-hanga wheketere" (JSC "TVES") fehangahangai te raruraru o te whakatika o unahi hiko. Te hinonga hua te ōrau nui o taputapu hē mahi e akina atu te tari mana hangarau i ki tonoa ratou hoki.

I muri ako i te raupapa o ngā mahi, me ngā whakaritenga mō te whakatika tukanga tāutuhia kapa FMEA wha subprocesses e whai i te pānga nui i runga i te kounga me te tika o te whakatika.

• neke me te tāuta o te pūrere ki runga ki te tepu;
• taki i te tūnga o te taumata (Me tūnga toenga whakapae 100%);
• whakanohonga o taonga i roto i te ngā tohutoro o te pūhara;
• tuhi o tohu auau.

He aha ngā momo o rahunga me malfunctions i tuhia i roto i te mahi o enei ngā mahi? tāutuhia e te Rōpū Mahi i te tūponotanga matua, tātarihia te take me mau hopearaa taea. I runga i te pūtake o te tohunga aromatawai tohu HRR i tatau, hanga reira taea ki te tautuhi i te raruraru matua - te kore o te mana pau i runga i te mahi o te mahi, me te āhua o te taputapu (pae, taimaha).

Hei whakakore i te tūtohutanga mōrearea mō te whakangungu atu o kaimahi i whakawhanakehia i, tu countertop whakarerekē me te hoko i te ipu pukapuka motuhake mō te kawe i te toenga. Hoko o te supply mana uninterruptible kitea te raruraru o te ngaronga raraunga. A i roto i te tikanga ki te ārai i te takanga o ngā raruraru ki te māka i roto i te heke mai, e whakaarohia ana te rōpū mahi i te rārangi tiaki hou, me te whakatika ngā o pauna - timata te takitaki atu pinepine, e taea te kitea nui mua reira kino me rahunga.