"Hurricane" (MRL). Russian MLRS 9K57 "Hurricane"

patu pere mai nga wa Soviet, a inaianei i roto i Russia ki te waiho i te kāri tetere nui, i roto i te pakanga patu kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i nga whiriwhiringa ao tonu.

Heoi, i mua i tenei mai pinepine. Kei hea he mea e tika ana i roto i te mau ohipa ia rā o te pūnaha ope o te ahi pakunga urupare. Ko tētahi o te noa tino ko te "Hurricane". he whānui MLRS i te ope patu, he reira rawa cheap ki te whakaputa. Hoatu tona tika me te tapatahi, kore te reira maere i te hinaaro hou ki whakahou te Armed Forces o te matatini, tona hītori rā hoki ki te 60raa o te rau tau whakamutunga!

History o hanga

Kei te whakapono te reira e te whanaketanga kāinga katoa o tenei momo i kotahi tipuna - MRL "Katyusha". I roto i te tikanga he pono tenei, engari kia kore rawa tatou e wareware e he radically rerekē i te matatini rongonui te hou launchers tākirirangi maha.

Hei tauira, rite te aratohu kaihoahoa kāinga kua whakarerea roa pūnaha rail: e kore e waiho te reira rite te trajectory o te tītere whiwhi te nuinga o te noho, me te whai wāhi ki te ki atu tenei pūtahitanga Ko te tino nui.

A no te mea kia whakaaro tenei tupuna MRL 9k57 "Hurricane" rite te whakatakoto M-21e, kua oti nei te hoatu ki te taviniraa i roto i te tawhiti i te tau 1963.

Ahakoa nga āhuatanga tika o tenei MLRS, kihai i tino makona ki reira te hōia. Ko te aha i roto i 1963 i roto i Tula tomo te raupapa korero kāwanatanga mo te whanaketanga o te tauira hou fafau, i roto i nei i reira i kore hē M-21e. Ki te hunga hōia pēnei te ngāwari āhua iti, a ko te tatū lethality o tona tītere kaimahi. Ka mau ia ki pūkete nga mau haapiiraa o te nui Patriotic War, Kei te kua pai mohio ki to tatou hōia e tīwae a te hoariri Armoured minaminatia ki "huri paraoa" mua o te wā, a reira atu whakaritenga e tono ki te whanaketanga hou ko te mahi whai hua noa i runga i ngā whāinga iti Armoured.

Titiro mua, mōhio tatou e MLRS 9k57 "Uragan" pakari a ki tenei mahi.

huahua

Mai i 1963 ki te 1964, whai wāhi tohunga Tula CDB i roto i te ako whānui o ratou mahi. Ko te raruraru matua, e ka tu i roto i te mua o ratou ko te whakatū o MRL, e pai kia taea ki te patua te mana ora me te fakamīsiní o te hoariri i te tawhiti o te 40 kiromita.

Ko te hua o enei akoranga a ka kaupapa "Hurricane" ka kia wātea i roto i te waenganui-1964. MLRS riro tenei momo hinga o te hoariri i te tawhiti o te 35 kiromita. Ko tōna painga ko te huri mai tiketike, e taea ai e koe te whakaputa i hohoro te pakunga i te tūranga kati me ki te waiho i waho te kitea e te hoariri.

I te mutunga o 1966 - i roto i Tula timata ki te whakahaere mahi rangahau nui-unahi wawe i roto i 1967 i runga i te opuaraa o te whakatamarikitanga o te pūnaha hou ki mahi. Ko tōna hua ko te ariā tino-tautuhia o te matatini ngā te mōhiohio e tika ana katoa e pā ana ki nga āhuatanga o nga matā, me o ratou tikanga o te whakamahi.

Na roto i te 1970, kua tono te Tāhuhu o Ahumahi e te tauira whakamutunga o te 9k57 MRL hou "Hurricane". Me kï reira e e te wa whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o Engineers me pūtaiao e kore ko tetahi anake o Tula. Ko te kupu, i roto i, me te huri noa Moscow whakahaere Hospital Haumanu Central he ako whānui o ngingio utu me ngā pūnaha fuze. hanga ano Kazan pei tiaki tītere ki te momo rīpene warhead.

Ko te hua o ngā whakamātautau tuatahi

kia kia miharo te kaipānui uninitiated e pehea te roa ka mau te reira i te ahumahi Soviet mo te hanga o tetahi anake tauira o tenei ahua o te hangarau. Me mahara te reira e i taua wa ko noa e kore whanaketanga nui-tauine i roto i tenei rohe. Ka rite ki te hua o te mahi pakeke me ngā e i whakahaeretia puta noa te pokapū hoahoa whenua, i whiwhi ai i te pūnaha ahurei o "Hurricane." MLRS Ko tonu tenei i roto i te te whakamahi i roto i pinepine o whenua huri noa te ao.

I roto i ngā, ka taea e tauturu i te reira te whawhai noa i Hiria. I roto i te whānui, i te wa kua e kua pau hoki tenei rangahau, e kore te mea rite runga te mea homai noa. Hei tauira, te pūnaha urupare taua "Smerch" i whakawhanakehia maha tākirirangi whakarewatanga me hoatu ki te mahi i roto i te poto whakawhetai wa taea ki te meka i ko rite hea te raiona o o tātaitanga katoa.

Kia haere a hoki ki te whakamātautau. I roto i te 1972, kua nga tohunga marae kua aroaro tata oti te pūnaha tauira, kua haere nei whakamātautau production katoa. ko nga āhuatanga matua e whai ake:

• MRL rawa ki projectiles unguided me momo nui-taikaha o te rīpene i kawea i runga i 80 me 105 kirokaramu, aua, o te taikaha.
• BM 9P140 hoki e tonu faaoti ki te whakamahi i te paerewa tahuhu ZIL-135LM (e tika ana ki te whīwhiwhi me te kore o ngā whakaritenga tauira aroturukihia huriaro i paopao).
• Machine mō te kawe me te utanga 9T452, whakanohoia nei ki runga ki te tahuhu o te taua ZIL-135LM.
• Kei te matatini o te taputapu mō te hanga me te tiaki o mihini.

ka mau Factory dokatka o tau he tokorua, kia rite ki te hua o nei puta mai te nāianei "Hurricane". MLRS tenei i roto i te 1974 i pā ana ki te āhuatanga mahi taua rite i roto i te hakari. I te pae hopea, i roto i te 1976, i te mutunga whakaaetia te matatini ki mahi.

E rua tau i pahuatia whakakore etahi kohakore iti. I tua atu, i roto i tenei wa kua whakawhanakehia tohunga te maha o ngā momo hou, me te te fafau o anga.

He aha wāhanga e ngā i roto i te matatini oti?

• waka 9P140 whawhai iho.
• Machine mō te tohutohutia me te waka 9T452 anga.
• utu urupare.
• Taputapu o te mana ahi aunoa me te ako 1V126 "skit-B."
• Funds mo mātauranga me te whakangungu o ngā kaimahi i roto i te tikanga tata ki te whawhai.
• Machine ite 1T12-2M whenua matawhenua.
• Matatini mō te ahunga-kitenga me te rangahau o ngā āhuatanga huarere 1B44.
• Whakatakotoria he hoki te tiaki me te hanga o te taputapu 9F381.

Kei te tārite te nuinga o ngā pūnaha katoa, kia e ara tūkino ratou kahore he oti Mono o te ahi hoariri he tutukitanga hoki te misioni whawhai ranei. I tua atu, ka taea e te wahi matua o nga ngā mahi e whakamana ā.

Powerplant

Machine i roto i te motini arahi engine rua V-āhua Zil-375YA, ia o ratou he 180 l. he. Ko te wira ki runga ki nga taha e aia e tona pūkaha, he tuku motuhake, me te drivetrain. I roto i te tuaka tuatahi, me te wha o e eke wira whakahaere.

rite rawa te mīhini i te kore anake te pūnaha aroturuki tupare ki-pēhanga pokapū, i reira ko te taea o te whakararangi aunoa i runga i te haere. He tino pai e puta me āhuatanga tere. I te kotahi whakakī taea tonu te reira hoki e pā ana ki 600 km, hoatu he tere runga o 65 km / h. wai mīhini ngāwari wikitoria ngaahi fakafaingata'a'ia'anga ki 1.2 m hohonu, kahore tetahi atu whakangungu.

Hoki ngā mōhiohio i runga i te tātai me te utanga o

I roto i te rangimarie, te tātai whakaritea o wha iwi: waka rangatira, hōia pū, me te rua o whawhai, he tuari hoki no te arata'iraa ā-me te tiaki. I roto i te pakanga, ka nui haere te rōpū ki te ono iwi, mai i tokomaha o nga ngā mahi i ki kia whakamana ā.

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, kua hanga haulage me te utanga o anga ki te 9T452 mīhini motuhake, hanga nei i runga i te tahuhu kotahi. Ia mīhini te kore anake e waha ana 16 missiles, engari whakarato hoki ratou ki te taputapu, kahore taputapu atu. Ko tino mīhini te tukanga, e te reira iti iho i te 14 meneti. warou TZM whakamahia e taea te whakamahi ki te ara pikaunga ki runga ki te 300 kg.

Ratau, te taua whakamahinga, me te pūnaha tākirirangi whakarewatanga maha "Grad".

mīhini Taputapu ka tohutohutia

Ko te taputapu ngā te anga mīhini rawa tohutohutia mō transportation o missiles, rammer, warou me turanga huti. he marae motuhake, te ärai o projectiles kawea i roto i te taha o te motuhake "matikuku" mo te kaiwhakahaere. anga ngā mahi katoa dosylka, tahuri kua hanga aunoa nga whakaritenga tap me wahi-wa, engari ā-koutou e taea te kawe i roto i, ki te tika.

Rammer ia - he aratohu motuhake ki te tikanga pusher, e hau a tawhio ki te wahi e tika ana. Ki te tikanga ohie, me te whai hua mō te tīaroaro manaaki i te operator e o te hiahia ki te tāpiri ā te aratohu me rammer. mahi nga rehe katoa i runga i puku hiko me generators e he tino motuhake, a reira mo ratou mahi e kore e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere i te nekeneke matua o te mīhini.

anga whakamahia

Me kï reira e te nuinga o te wa ka mau atu te Engineers kore hoahoa te tahuhu, me te hanga o ngā momo hou o anga. Me kï reira e whakamatauria ratou mahi hoahoa kia ki tino hua. Ko te kupu, i pai whakamahia ki runga ki te 90% raraunga -established i roto i te whanaketanga "Smerch" pūnaha.

Ka rite ki te hua o te tini ngā i hanga reira e waru iwa ranei nui momo o anga. I tēnei wā, etahi o ratou kahore e whakamahia rite i whakakapi ratou e tauira hou. He tokomaha o ratou e whakarōpūtia.

Ko te tino noa te tītere 9M27F rite rawa ki te warhead wehewehenga nui-taikaha tikanga. He ao reira, te tikanga mo te whakangaromanga o kaimahi e rua hoariri, me waka Armoured. Ko te papatipu o te taikaha , ko te 49 anake kg ka te tītere taimaha o 180 kg katoa.

Ki te āhua te pūnaha urupare taua auau "Hurricane" whakamahi waitohu utu 9M27K submunitions rawa kua "puru" ki huānga patu. E tino whai hua i roto i te whawhai ki te hōia hoariri, me te mīhini marama ratou.

Tītere iho e ata e pā ana ki 271 kg, kei roto 30 huānga matua. Ia o ratou - i runga i 350 wāhanga patu ki taikaha. Ahakoa i te tawhiti o te 100 mita i te pahūtanga o te otaota tītere ngāwari e werohia ana 2mm ōrite maitai kounga.

Tino rite ki tenei tauira tiaki 9M27K1 whakamahi hoki i te wahi rīpene ki te plurality o submunitions. Ko te rerekētanga anake ko e te huānga wehe (hoki e pā ana ki 30 nga wahi) ka patu i te whenua atu peke i roto i atui te whakanui ake rohe lesion. I roto i ngā, rite rawa te taua e ki te pūnaha whakarewatanga maha tākirirangi "Āwhā", aka "Āwhā."

Ko te miramira o te matatini me te whakapehapeha mau o nga kaihoahoa ko te 9M27K2 anga hangaia mō te tāutanga mamao o maina anti-tank. whakamahi te reira i te paerewa maina anti-tank PTM-1. I roto i tetahi tītere 24 maina. E hangaia ratou mo ngāwari tāutanga o tauārai ka whawhai tāke hoariri. Hallmark min ko e i muri i 3.4 haora, ratou whaiaro-destruct, e hanga ana e ia taea ki te tuku i te whakaeke ake wahi tank.

Āhua hoki te whakaaro ano i whakawhanakehia 9M27K3. Ko te rerekētanga ko e whakamahi reira hangaia nga maina PFM-1s e ki te whakangaro hōpuni hoariri. I roto i te kotahi tītere roto te i runga i 312 kauhanga. hipokina taipara kotahi mīhini 60 heketea. Me mea e ahau e ko te patu rawa kino tenei. "Hurricane" Ko te taea o te tāutanga mamao tonu o maina tika i mua o te hoariri roaa te rota o arotake pai i roto i Afghanistan.

Rawa mo te turakitanga o te hoariri kaha tūemi ārai hanga 9M51 pere. rite rawa te wahi matenga te ki te taikaha wai, te tikanga mo te pahū thermobaric. Ko te ngoikoretanga o tenei tauira, ko te e kore e nui ake te whānuitanga puhipuhi mōrahi 13 km.

9M27C Anga - hei tahutahu. Āta hangaia mō te whakangaromanga papatipu he hōpuni kore anake o te hoariri, engari ano hoki he wahi nui o te rauemi (waka i roto i hangars, warehouses ki te taputapu).

I taea te kite, maha ngā pūnaha whakarewanga tākirirangi (mo te arotake o tetahi o ratou aroaro i roto i te tuhinga) Ka taea te whakamahi e kore e anake ki taupoki ana i te hōia pare ranei hangarau i runga i te haere, engari ano hoki ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga he mohio, me te wā roa-.

Perspectives Modern me ao hou, o ngā pūnaha

Ka rite ki te mea kua tamau matou tuhia, kei te ake tonu te iho matatini, ko te whanaketanga o ngā momo hou o anga. I teie mahana, te pūnaha tākirirangi whakarewanga maha "Hurricane" tu patu ki ara te ope o Yemen, e kore e ki te whakahua katoa te Kihi mua. Tāhuhu o Defence kirimana te ā-tau mō te supply me tiaki o enei pūnaha puta noa te ao, kia e kore te te kore o te rongonui rite mea kahore.

I tetahi wa, i tukua e Ukrainians MRL i te tahuhu o KrAZ-6322.

tono whawhai

Ki te pakarutanga o te whawhai i roto i Afghanistan te whakaaro pai noa kua kï MRL i roto i ngā āhuatanga whawhai. I tua atu, kua toutou whakamahia reira te hōia Hiriani hoki i roto i te tau 1980, ka tini pakanga ki a Iharaira. Kei te toutou tenei pūnaha e whakamahia ana e tatou ope patu ki militias patu ture i roto i Chechnya.

Ka rite ki te mea ratou ki a ratou ano i te hōia, whakamahia te wa whakamutunga pūnaha tākirirangi whakarewatanga maha o tenei momo te tōtika i roto i te mau ohipa kati i roto i Georgia 2008.

He aha e nga opuaraa?

mea maha tohunga e te MLRS "Hurricane" e inaianei ahua tawhito. Ko te take ko te meka mo te whakapae taua, e ko ähua iti te whānuitanga mōrahi o hinga o te hoariri - 35 anake km. Ko te taua "Smerch" homai kē 80-90 kiromita.

Otiia i konei ko reira e tika ana ki te hanga i te wāhi nui. Ko te take i te whakaaro o enei pūnaha he tonu rerekē. E kore e ki kia projectiles taa ërä 200 mm, me o ratou ritenga i roto i te 300 mm. Ko te whakamutunga (mo te "Huripari") he nui e kore e anake, engari ano hoki nui taimaha. Ratou roa ko te mita kia teitei ake i taua o ranei "Hurricane." Fakatatau ki ai, te wa hoki overcharging me te whawhai whakamahinga titau nui atu matatini.

Ko te "Hurricanes" ko he rerekē pai ki te puhipuhi roa-whānui tuku iho. howitzers Ahakoa whaiaro-tīhokatia (rite "MSTA-S") pupuhi i roto i 13-30 km, me te pānga o ratou anga he nui ngoikore. MRL taea hoki te wā tino poto o te wā ki te whakawhanake i tētahi pūnaha mo'oni whakamate.

Kotahi te pūhiko (ono waka), e taea o whakangaro e rave rahi mangai Armoured noa "uri" te rau o eka o antitank anti-kaimahi ranei maina ranei.

Kahore he hoki kahore faarahiraa ki te mea e te tiaki o te putanga roa-whānui MLRS utu i te wāhi ōhanga o te tirohanga, me te whakangungu o ngā e wā atu.

He ake, pūnaha urupare o salvo ahi "Hurricane" kore whiwhi anake aronga hou, me te pūnaha arata'iraa i runga i te ūnga, engari ano hoki tōtika ka taea e te taunekeneke ki te UAV. I tēnei wā, ko te ope patu Russian ngā atu me te ake unmanned waka irirangi, kia ai ko pono tenei pea e kore e hira.

I roto i te poto, enei pūnaha tonu nui o ngā whai wāhitanga.