Kaata: momo o waka. kaata Whakarōpū Railways tereina

Ko te waka he wae o kararehe awhiowhio hangaia mo te transportation o iwi taonga ranei waka. I roto i tenei whakaaro, kua wehea ratou ki utanga, me te pāhihi. I tua atu hei whakakorekore, i reira he pāhihi waka hangaia mō subways. māngai Ia momo e nga momo e rave rahi, me ngā tauira whakarato tikanga rerekē o te hariata.

waka pāhihi ki Russian Railways tereina

He waka pāhihi ki te kawe iwi. Ngā momo o cars konei ko te whai ake: whānui (sessile piha 1 me te 2), tūru, coupe, kia hoki ngā NE (Suite) ko Premium (te VIP), me te wharekai motokā, tueke me te mēra. I tua atu, ka taea e koe te tīpako ngā kāwai maha e tohu i te aroaro o etahi painga. A, o te akoranga, kia kia rerekē te piha ratonga.

Kaata, kahore moenga

Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou e mau ana tika waka ki ngā pāhihi. momo pereoo whakawhirinaki i runga i nga tikanga whakapumautia roto. Sedentary rawa ki tūru whakaritea i roto i te rarangi ki te irava i roto i te waenganui, hanga i te titiro roto rite te manureva. Ka taea te tāuta nohoanga pakeke i roto i te waka tāone i roto i te mezhoblasnom - ngohengohe. I roto i te piha haapiiraa tuatahi i roto i ngā tūru 10 katoa, ake wāteatea, me te ake ratonga e wātea ana atu i roto i te mahi ōhanga ranei piha, e taea e 43-68 tūru.

hariata Common - ko te tuarua-piha tenei, engari te iwi e noho ana i roto i reira haere i roto i takitoru i runga i ia papa raro, te tihi kore noa te whakamahia ranei kore-te moti. Sedentary me te whānui i te fiemālie mō ngā haerenga roa. Ētahi momo o waka pāhihi i ngā te wātea o moenga, na he reira pai ake mo te taua take.

Kaata ki bunks

atu pü Tuarua-piha pāhihi motokā whakatuwhera i te wehenga pāhihi, i runga i tetahi te ringa hoki raro te rua me te nohoanga o runga e rua, engari hei utu tika i roto i atu me 2 taha (te tihi me te raro rawa). I raro i nga wahi o raro reira he wāhi mō te kawenga. E rua nga tepu kotuinga - i roto i te wehenga tuwhera i te tūru taha.

E wehea waka wehenga e 9 4-moenga wehenga ki tatau retireti e taea te maukati. Ia wehenga e te rua o moenga o runga me raro, tueke wehenga i raro i te tūru o raro, whakakopa tepu, me te reo irirangi. whakarato hoki te kaitaka, me te tauera. I tua atu, e taea te whakaratohia reira rangi-conditioning. cars ngohengohe - te reira te wehenga kotahi, engari atu whakamarie, me te watea.

E moe ana waka Superior

Kei te wehea hoki NE (pāhihi ranei motokā "Lux") ki compartments 9, engari ki e rua moenga, te tikanga te raro. He rite ki noa te toenga o te wehenga taputapu, engari whakarato reira atu whakamarie. Kia tino ki te whai rangi conditioning.

Kaata moni wehea ki 4-5 wehenga nui ki te tahora rerekē, oti rawa te whariki mo te haere whakamarie. Hei tauira, ka taea e waiho e ratou he moenga sofa he moenga rua ranei. Reira maha whakarato te wahi e kore noa ki te rokiroki i tueke me te tēpu, ko te heamana, bio-wharepaku, totohu, ua, whāhauhau, kakahu, TV, DVD me WiFi. I roto i te kotahi wehenga e taea hoki e te pae rüma. I te tahi taime kotahi ua mo te motokā katoa. He maha o ngā ratonga atu ngā i roto i te utu: rinena, niupepa, paramanawa me inu, me te toiletries. Tatau wehenga mo te 1-2 iwi, engari hokona i roto i tetahi take i te wehenga katoa, kahore tetahi moe.

waka utanga

E hangaia tereina utanga mō te utanga transportation i te tereina. Ko te momo o ngā hua me matū Mai kawea, kia rite ki te āhua o te utanga e tīpakohia me kaata. momo pereoo tohu i nga āhuatanga taketake me e whakatinanahia ngā āhuatanga i roto i ngā tauira motuhake. E hangaia momo rerekē, me ngā tauira ia mo etahi kāwai o taonga, whai hanganga tinana rerekē, ara rerekē o te utanga o me te unloading, whakarato he tetahi tohu o te tiaki.

Ko te momo matua o waka utanga

He rerekē nga waka, e rua waho, me ona ake āhuatanga, me ngā āheinga. I roto i te rongonui tino ko nga momo e whai ake nei o kaata: hipoki, kaata tuwhera, tüäpapa, tāke, hoppers, kiriweti ka paemahana, ipu mārua. kia waiho ratou ahua rerekē o nga āhuatanga rārangi, rōrahi, wāhi papa, me te taimaha e mau ana te āheinga o te ipu.

Ko te waka tino ohie

Boxcars te hanganga ngā o te anga ki te papa, paenga taiepa, me te tuanui. Hoki te utanga me unloading tatau e whakaratohia i roto i te taiepa taha. tukua ratou ki a koe te kawe kawenga ki te tiaki ia ratou i te ua, me te tahi atu mau mana kino waho. Ka taea e tēnei boxcar kawe e rua utanga whānui, me te witi, cars, me te ara kararehe. Tikanga, kaha ko 25-72 m.

Gondola waka ngā o te anga ki te patunga witi, me te taiepa, engari kahore tuanui. E mea pinepine kawe ratou kohuke, konganuku, rakau. Hangaia ki te kawe gondola utanga nuinga kia whai pao atu i roto i te patunga witi taiepa ranei ki te whakahaere i unloading. Uta i i te tihi. Parenga i ngā rerenga kōhauhau te tikanga, engari i reira he kōwhiringa ki te tuanui tango. Ko te wha kawea 22-75 m, ka whakarato i te waru-kawenga 69-130 m.

Raho hangaia mo te waka o ngā, taonga roa, taputapu, mīhini, taputapu, mīhini, rakau me te utanga nuinga, e kore e e tiaki i atmsfernyh rerenga. Taumaha tae 70-73 m.

Hariata i te pikaunga motuhake

Tanks - etahi waka motuhake. Momo o te waka rite ētahi wā titiro, engari enei maha i te hanga porotakaroa ki tetahi atu ranei pao i runga i runga. riro ratou i te nui haere tightness, mai kawe ratou wai nuinga me te paura matū me haurehu liquefied. I tua atu, e taea te rite rawa te tank ki te paninga wera-te tuuraa i ara taputapu ranei mo te whakawera kawenga, me ngā pūrere motuhake e tāuta ki te whakahaere. Ko te wha i te kaha o 60-65 taranata, me te mau ana e waru-ki 120-125 m.

Hoppers - waka āhua motuhake, whānui i te raro runga, me te paku te topetope, te tikanga hoki taonga nuinga pērā i te witi, tongi, sima, haora, waro, me ētahi atu Raro e whakaratohia ratou ki te pao, me te puka hāngai mō te rere whaiaro. Ka taea e kia tuwhera ranei kati, me pao mo te utanga i runga i te tuanui. Kawenga ki runga ki te 70 taranata.

Hariata whakarite tikanga pāmahana motuhake

boxcars Isothermal whakaratohia ki mātao waiariki i runga i te pūtake o te polyurethane terei ranei, pūnaha tautauā me takoha pūnaha tohanga rangi. tukua ratou ki a koe kawe hua pirau, kia rite ki tonu ratou i te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana.

Thermoses kawe hua kai pirau i roto i pōkai me ngā, me pera me etahi taonga pirau, i te pupuri i te wa roa i hanga he tetahi tikanga pāmahana i whakaoho.

whakarato refrigerators transportation o taonga pirau e taea te rongoa mo te wa roa noa i pāmahana iti. e kore e ratou te pupuri noa i te pāmahana rite takawai ipu, a te matao o wāhi wera roto te waka ki te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana ranei. Hangaia mō te 25-40 taranata.

He momo o tauira o ngā waka utanga

Me kï reira e reira ko te kōwhiringa whānui o ngā tauira e whakarato momo katoa o waka. Tanks, hei tauira, he tokomaha momo ki hanga rerekē, me ngā āhuatanga atu. He hariata mō te waiu, penehīni, waipiro, hua hinu, matū, puehu, hau liquefied, waikawa, me ētahi atu titau ia kawenga tautukunga ki te maha o nga tikanga e pā te ahua o te pūrere, me te tank. Ko te taua he pono hoki i ētahi atu momo o te waka.

Ngā momo o waka arā raro

E whakamahia ratou waka mo te raro. He he torutoru momo e kua nana tēnei wā. Hei tauira, te ara whakapaipai e taua momo o waka arā raro, rite te raupapa o "E" ki akatuke'anga, rota 81-717 / 714, "Jauza" (81-720 / 721) "Rusich" (81-740 / 741) me raupapa 81-760 / 761. Mahalo, whakamahia wahi putanga mua.

whakaputaina "E" raupapa i roto i te Heoi, engari kua whakamahia reira, tae atu i te akatuke'anga pera tawhiti. I roto i te motokā, 42 ngā tūru, i te kaha o runga ki te 270 iwi. Raupapa 81-717 / 714 he wātea mai i 1977, tuku reira 40-44 tūru me te hangaia hoki 308-330 iwi. "Yauza" atu hou: whakaputaina reira mai 1991, whakarato rite 40-44 nohoanga, a i roto i te whānui sandwiching ki 330-350 iwi. Mai 2002 hua ia "Rusich", hoatu kua 54-60 tūru 344-370 moenga ranei. Nōna ka te reira i te whakamohoa nui o cars i 2007-2008., Ki te hua i reira ko tetahi tauira 81-717.6K / 714.6K, maitai atu mo te atekōkiri, rite rawa ki te pūnaha ventilation pai atu, hoki nei te whakamahi o te rauemi pai me hangarau.