Ate: hanganga me ngā āhuatanga. Ko te hanganga matū o te ate

Ate - he hua o te mahi o hepatocytes (pūtau ate). tohu Various rangahau e waho te whai wāhitanga o te ate i roto i te nakunaku o kai e kore e taea e te mahi noa o te wahi gastrointestinal. Disorders puta kore anake tukanga kūnatu engari ano pākia, ki te puta he arā i roto i tona waihanga e taui tona hanganga ranei.

He aha te mea te ate?

Tenei wai kūnatu, whakaputaina nei e te ate. Kei te whakamahia te reira i kotahi ranei whakatakotoria i roto i te gallbladder. Tohua e te āhuatanga nui e rua o te wai kaha biologically. ia:

• E tauturu te reira i te nakunaku o te ngako, me ratou absorption i te whēkau;
• e te reira i hua ururua i te toto.

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko

Ate he taonga tae kowhai tangata, e haere i roto i te parauri puwhero (e tika ana ki te whāwehe o waikano). He mārama te reira, nui atu iti iho ranei Kaore i runga i te roa o te wa noho i roto i te gallbladder rānei. He he reka kawa kaha, he kakara, a i muri i te noho i roto i te gallbladder he kawakore. Ko āhua 1005 i roto i te aerodynamics ate Ko tōna taimaha motuhake, engari ka taea e tupu te reira i ki 1030 i muri i te noho roa i roto i te tōngāmimi au, i roto i te hononga ki te tua o te tahi mau wāhanga o hūpē.

wāhanga

Ate, hanganga i te mea he hanganga o te rauemi e whai ake nei: te wai (85%), tai ate (10%), hūpē me ngā uhi (3%), te ngako (1%), tai pararopi (0.7%) me te cholesterol (0.3%) rongoa i roto i te tōngāmimi au me i muri i te kai maka ki te kōpiro iti mā te tau mahani ate.

He ate me te gallbladder ate, ratou hanganga ko te nohanga taua, engari rerekē. A, no te i roto i tona ako tāutuhia te matū e whai ake nei:

• wai;
• waikawa ate me ratou tai;
• bilirubin;
• cholesterol;
• lecithin;
• konutai, pāhare pāporo, māota, konupūmā;
• bicarbonates.

I 6 wā te tai gallbladder ate o waikawa ate atu i roto i te ate.

waikawa ate

Ko te hanganga matū o te ate te nuinga kanohi e waikawa ate. Synthesis o enei rauemi ko te aratau matua o catabolism o cholesterol i roto i whāngote me te tangata. Etahi o nga whākōkī whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā waikawa ate, he mātātoa i roto i te maha ngā momo o ngā pūtau i roto i te tinana, engari te ate - he anake te okana i reira e ratou he huringa oti. waikawa ate (ratou kōtuitanga) e tetahi o nga tikanga tino mo te excretion o rahi o cholesterol.

Heoi, he iti excretion o cholesterol rite waikawa ate ki haamou i tino te tāuru i te taikaha o tona kai. Ahakoa te hanganga o enei matū ko te catabolism ara cholesterol, he hoki enei pūhui nui i roto i te solubilization o cholesterol, lipids, huaora ngako-wairewa, me te tahi atu matū e tika ana, te kupu ngä ratou tuku ki te ate. Ko te huringa hanganga katoa o waikawa ate titau 17 whākōkī takitahi. He maha metabolites waikawa ate he kau fakafofonga cytotoxic, te tikanga kia pera piri whakahaeretia ratou kōtuitanga. E meinga e ira hapa kawenga mo te kōtuitui o ngā waikawa ate, e arata'i ki te kore ate i roto i te kōhungahunga, me te pakeke neuropathy ahu whakamua ētahi hapa fakanatula o pākia.

Kua whakaaturia ngā Tata e whai wāhi waikawa ate i roto i te ture o tona ake pākia, whakahaere lipid pākia me pākia kūhuka i he kawenga mo te mana o ngā tukanga ngā i roto i te houtanga ate, me te whakahaere i te katoa kohi pūngao.

mahi taketake

Kei roto maha matū rerekē ate. Ko taua Ko tōna hanganga e kore e whai te reira i te whākōkī i roto i te tahi atu he inu kūnatu i te kopu. Engari, ngā reira te nuinga o tai ate me te waikawa, e ai kia:

• Whakaehu ngako a whatiia ratou ki raro, ki matūriki iti.

• No te tauturu i te tinana mimiti te hua wehenga o te ngako i roto i te piro. Tai o waikawa ate herea ki lipids me te ka whenumi ki te bloodstream.

Ko tētahi atu mea nui mahi o te ate , ko te e kei reira nga pūtau toto whero ngaro. Ko te bilirubin tenei, a ka te nuinga o te wā hua i roto i te tinana ki te pehea o tawhito pūtau toto whero, pūtoto-taonga. mauranga hoki bile cholesterol i te taikaha. Reira ko kore anake te hua secretion ate, engari whakaatu hoki ngā matū paitini.

Pehea e mahi i te reira?

hanganga tautuhi me te ate taumahi e āhei ana ki a reira hei te surfactant, te āwhina ki te whakaehu ngako i roto i te kai i roto i te ara ano rite te hopi memeha te hinu. tai ate i te hydrophobic me te mutunga hydrophilic. A, no te kitea ki te wai, i konatunatua ki te ngako i roto i te kōpiro iti, tai ate kohikohi a tawhio noa te pata hinu, me te here rāpoi ngota wai, me te ngako e rua. faarahi tenei te wāhi mata o te ngako, te whakarato wāhi nui whākōkī pancreatic e wahia iho ngako. Mai faarahi ate te absorption o ngako, tauturu te reira i roto i te absorption o waikawa amino, cholesterol, konupūmā me huaora ngako-wairewa pērā i D, E, K me te A.

E taea e ki te haamou i te paru waikawa i te taikaha i mua i tomo te reira i te ileum ki te wahi mutunga o te whēkau iti hoki waikawa ate kawakore. Ko te tai o waikawa ate riro pānga bactericidal, patu maha papapūata e kia hakari i roto i te kai taumai.

ate

ngā pūtau ate (hepatocytes) hua ate, e piki me rere ki te tau mahani ate. Mai i reira haere reira ki te whēkau iti , me te tonu ka tīmata ki te pā i te ngako ranei piki i roto i te tōngāmimi.

hua te ate i 600 ml ki te 1 rita ate ki mo 24 haora. Te hanganga me te āhuatanga o te huringa ate, ina haere te reira i roto i te aerodynamics ate. Mucous enei ngā secretes wai me te konutai hauwai, reira te faatarapape i te secretion ate. Ēnei kai atu tauturu i haamou i te waikawa puku, e taka ki te duodenum ki te kai wāhanga digested (chyme) i te kopu.

ate Storage

Te ate secretes ate tonu: ki runga ki te 1 rita ia wā 24-haora, engari te nuinga o reira rongoa i roto i te accumulator - te tōngāmimi au. aro ana tēnei tinana tuwhera tona resorption i te wai, te konutai pūhaumāota me te tahi atu electrolytes i roto i te toto. Ētahi atu wāhanga o tai ate pērā i te waikawa cholic, cholesterol, lecithin, bilirubin me noho i roto i te tōngāmimi au.

kukū

aro Gallbladder bile no te mea e taea te rokiroki i te reira i te tote ate me te para i te wai hua e te ate. Taua wāhanga pērā i te wai, konutai, pūhaumāota me electrolytes, a ka haaparare i roto i te tōngāmimi.

Kua whakaaturia Studies e te hanganga o te ate tangata i roto i te tōngāmimi, ko te taua rite i roto i te ate, engari ko te atu takiwa, 5-20 ngā wā. Tenei he no te mea ngā tino o tai ate, bilirubin, cholesterol, lecithin, me ētahi atu electrolytes te ate gallbladder i roto i te noho i roto i te tank kua riro ki te toto.

ate

I muri 20-30 meneti i muri i te kai kai wāhanga digested tomo te duodenum 12 o te chyme pekitīlia. Wāteatanga o te kai, te ngako rawa i roto i te kopu, me te duodenum whakaihiihi te tōngāmimi au ki kirimana, i te mea e tika ana ki te mahi o te cholecystokinin. Au tōngāmimi maka te ate, me te whakakahore te sphincter o oddi, ko te kupu tuku reira ki taka ki roto ki te duodenum.

Tētahi atu manawarü mo te whakaiti o te tōngāmimi au - ko te ponana karere i te karere vagus me te pūnaha io enteric. Secretin, e whakaihiihi ana te secretion o te repe taiaki, faarahi hoki ate secretion. Ko tōna pānga matua ko ki te whakapiki ake i te secretion o te wai, me te konutai hauwai i te mucosa ate tau mahani. Tenei otinga warorua tahi ki warorua pancreatic e hiahiatia ana ki te haamou i te waikawa pekitīlia i roto i te punuatuna.

Kei roto i te ate he momo o matū - pūmua, waikawa amino, huaora, me te tini ke atu.

Me kï reira e whai iwi rerekē te kawa he hanganga kounga, me te ine takitahi e he rerekē i roto i te ihirangi o waikawa ate, pigments ate me te cholesterol.

Ko te hiranga haumanu o

I roto i te ngaro o te ate, he ngako indigestible me taui excreted ki feces. huaina ana tēnei huru te steatorrhea. Feces hei utu o te tae parauri āhuatanga pania te i roto i te te tae ma hina ranei me riro ngako. Ka taea e Steatorrhea arahi ki hē o ngā matūkai: faufaa waikawa ngako me huaora. I tua atu, haere te kai i roto i te kōpiro iti (e te mea te tikanga kawenga mo te absorption o ngako i kai), me te ketia nga otaota intestinal. kia mohio koe e i roto i te kōpiro nui e kore e puta ngā tukanga o te tukatuka o te ngako, e arata'i ki ngā raruraru.

Ko te hanganga o te ate ngā cholesterol, e te tahi mau taime i raungaitia ki bilirubin, konupūmā, hanga gallstones. Kei te nuinga o te wā tukinotia e tango o te tōngāmimi enei concretions. Heoi, e taea te rewa ētahi wā ratou taero ki te whakanui ake nohanga o etahi waikawa ate pērā i ursodeoxycholic me chenodeoxycholic.

I runga i te puku kau (emesis muri toutou, hei tauira) kia matomato kōwhai pouri ranei, me te kawa emesis tae. Ko te ate tenei. Composition o ruaki maha i kō atu e inu kūnatunga noa i te puku. Kei te maha whakaritea te tae o ate ki te tae o "tarutaru tarai hou", i roto i te rerekē ki te wāhanga i roto i te puku e titiro puwhero-kōwhai kōwhai pouri ranei. Ka taea e ate tiki ki te kopu o te piha ngoikore, ka tango i etahi taero me te waipiro, i raro i ranei te mana o contractions uaua kaha, me mamae o te duodenum.

ako ate

tikanga Tārewa motuhake o te tūhura i te ate. Composition, te kounga, te tae, te kiato, me te kawatanga o rerekē wahi ki te whakawa i te maumaui i roto i te kōtuitui me te waka.