Ātete i whakarara: te tātai tātaitanga

I roto i te mahi, maha tūpono te raruraru o te kimi i te ātete o conductors me parenga ki tikanga rerekē o te hononga. E whakaahua ana te tuhinga pehea tatau te ātete te ki te hononga whakarara o conductors me etahi atu take hangarau.

resistance kaiwhakahaere

conductors katoa ahu ki arai te rere o nāianei hiko, huaina reira ko hiko resistance R, a kua whanganga i roto i ohms. Ko te taonga taketake o ngā rauemi conductive tenei.

Ki te mau tonu tātaitanga resistivity hiko e hāngai ana - ρ Ohm · m / mm ^2. konganuku katoa - conductors pai, te tono rahi riro parahi, me te konumohe, he reira nui iti pea ki te whakamahi i te rino. Ko te kaiwhakahaere pai - hiriwa, e whakamahia ai i roto i te ahumahi hiko me te hikohiko. alloys whānui ki te uara ātete tiketike.

A, no te tātai i te parenga whakamahi mohiotia i te kura tātai akoranga ahupūngao:

R = ρ · l / S, S - rohe motu; l - roa.

Ki te tangohia e tatou i te conductors e rua, ratou ātete i roto i te whakarara ka waiho iti tika ki te hua i roto i te wāhanga katoa.

Te kiato o nāianei , me te faatere whakawera

Hoki aratau tātai mahi o conductors pā ariā kiato o nāianei - δ A / mm ^2, e tatau ai e te tātai:

δ = ahau / S, ahau - nāianei, S - wāhanga.

e haere nāianei i roto i te waea heats reira. Te δ teitei, te nui he wera te pēne. No te waea me taura hangaia paerewa kiato tīkina, e kua whakarārangitia i roto i te SAE (waehere hiko). He ona ake ture o te kiato o nāianei hoki te taeae faatere o te pūrere whakawera.

Ki te taea te δ kiato tīkina i runga puta whakangaromanga kaiwhakahaere, hei tauira, i roto i te take o te huna i te reira taura mātao pukā.

ture tātai whakaritea ki te whakaputa i te whakahiko i runga i whakawera.

Te ara o te whakahiko

Ko nui atu watea i roto i kaupapa whakaatu i te R ātete hiko tetahi kaiwhakahaere, ka e ngāwari ki te pānui i me te tātari ratou. E toru anake tūhono parenga tikanga. Ko te tikanga tuatahi, ko te māmā - hononga rangatū.

E whakaatu ana te whakaahua e te ātete katoa ko: R = R ₁ + R ₂ + R _3.

Ko uaua ake te tikanga tuarua - te hononga whakarara. whakamana Tātaitanga o te ātete i roto i te hononga whakarara te i roto i ngā wāhanga. Tatau katoa kawe ia G = 1 / R, na te tapeke parenga R = 1 / G.

A kia puta rerekē, tuatahi whakatatau te katoa ātete i te hononga whakarara o nga parenga R1 ko R2, ka faahiti te mahi, a ki te kitea R.

Ko te toru o tikanga ko te pūhui uaua tino - pūhui whakauru, i.e. reira he kōwhiringa whakaaro katoa. whakaaturia te kaupapa i roto i te whakaahua.

Hoki tenei tātai kia faaohie i te reira i te ara iahiko, whakakapia tenei te parenga R2 me R3 kotahi R2,3. whiwhi taiawhio Simple te.

Na ka taea e tatou te tātai i te parenga o te hononga whakarara, te tātai o te mea:

R2,3,4 = R2,3 · R4 / (R2,3 + R4).

Taraiwa riro noa māmā, i reira he parenga he hononga rangatū. I roto i te atu āhuatanga matatini, te whakamahi i te tikanga faafariuraa taua.

momo o te whakahiko

I roto i te taputapu hiko, i roto i te hanga o te papa iahiko tā, nga conductors tohu takai angiangi o te parahi konumohe. No te mea o te roa iti o te ātete i ratou paku ratou i roto i te maha wā e taea te mahue. Hoki enei whakahiko i roto i te ātete hononga whakarara heke te tika ki nui haere-wāhanga ripeka.

He wāhanga nui o te conductors e awhiowhio te waea. E hua ratou ki diameters rerekē - i 0.02 ki te 5.6 mitamano. Hoki transformers mana-nui, me motors e hangaia parahi shank o te wāhanga ripeka tapawhā. I te tahi taime whakakapia te hanga o te waea diameter nui e rave rahi whakarara iti hono.

He wāhanga motuhake o te conductors he waea me taura, whakarato te ahumahi te whānuitanga whānui o rama mo te momo o ngā hiahia. E mea pinepine e tika ana ki te whakakapi i tetahi taura ki te maha wāhanga iti. He tino rerekē te take mo tenei, mo te tauira, ko te taura ripeka-wāhanga 240 mm ² o te tino uaua ki te takoto i runga i te ara ki te whakaiti pari. Tona whakakapia ki 2 × 120 mm ^2, ka faatiti'aifarohia te raruraru te.

Tātaitanga mō waea whakawera

te tahu i te kaiwhakahaere e rerengia nāianei ki te nui tona pāmahana te tīkina, puta whakangaromanga o mātao. SAE tātaitanga whakarato conductors mo whakawera, raraunga raw hoki kia mau ai ki te tikanga o nāianei, me te taiao i roto i i whakatakotoria te pēne e. Mai i enei raraunga i papa tīpakohia i SAE kaiwhakahaere tūtohutia wāhanga (waea taura ranei).

I roto i te mahi, i reira he āhuatanga ka tino nui haere ki te mahi kawenga i runga i te taura. E ara e rua i roto i - whakakapi i te taura i runga i te tahi atu i te ringa, he utu reira, ranei takoto whakarara ki reira tetahi tetahi ki ruke te taura matua. I roto i tenei take, kua heke te ātete faatere o te hononga whakarara, ko te kupu taka exotherm.

Hei whiriwhiri i te wāhanga matau o te rua o nga taura, te whakamahi i te tepu EMP, e kore nui ki te e hala ki te whakamāramatanga o tona nāianei whakahaere. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, ka hei te tautauā taura noa pai atu i taua tetahi. e tūtohu ana ki te tātai i te parenga o te hononga whakarara o rua taura, kia pai ake te tautuhi i te wera ratou.

Tātaitanga o te whakahiko i runga i te mate ngaohiko

A, no te te wāhi o te kiritaki R _n i te L tawhiti i te mana supply U ₁ puta ngā nui te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko i runga i te waea raina. Ka whiwhi K R _N kiritaki te ngaohiko U ₂ U tino i raro i te _{kotahi tuatahi.} Tata rite te kawenga mahi taputapu hiko rerekē hono ki roto i whakarara te rārangi.

Hei whakaoti i te tātaitanga resistance raruraru hua i roto i te hononga whakarara o te taputapu katoa, na te R utanga resistance he _n. I tua atu, kia tautuhi i te waea raina resistance.

_L R = ρ · 2R / S,

Here, S - wāhanga raina waea, mm ^2.

Next i roto i nāianei rārangi whakaritea te: ahau = U ₁ / (R _L + R _m). Na, e matau i te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko whakatau i nāianei i runga i te waea raina: U = ahau · R _L. I Kei te i roto i tona ōrau o U _1.

U% = (ahau · R _L / U ₁₎ · 100%

uara Taunakitia U% - kaua e nui ake te 15%. E hāngai ana ki te ahua o te nāianei tetahi nga tātai i homai.