Circus Soviet: te whārangi o hītori

Te nuinga o te hunga i whanau nei i roto i te USSR, kahore feaa e te circus Soviet - te pai i roto i te ao. Ko to tatou illusionists pai "Magic," clowns - rorirori, me kaiwhakangungu kararehe me acrobats - te toa me te maia. Trekkingkuva ki te circus ko he hararei nui mo e rua ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki he rite. Otiia e kore e te circus Soviet i haere mai i roto o wahi. Mō pehea ki te whakawhanake i te circus Soviet, hipokina tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Ko te hītori o te circus toi Russian

Ahakoa i roto i nga wa o Kievan Rus i roto i to tatou whenua i whakatakotoria ai te "purapura" tuatahi o toi circus, rite kitea e te frescoes i Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral, teiti hoki ki 1070-1075 tau. whakaatu ratou nga hoiho whakataetae me whawhai, kaihīkoi mea atâta roa ki amo. I aua ra i taua adepts rite acrobats haereere me kaiarahi o pea, clowns me jugglers whakamana i roto i tapawhā pa, hokohokonga me hararei motu, iwi maere, me te ngahau. Ko te mahi whaihua i roto i Russia nga rautau hunga wairangi e XV-XVI.

Ngā mihi ki te mau tautooraa o Pita ahau i roto i te rau tau XVIII i roto i te pane, me pa nui timata hanga ora pāpori ka anga ki te puta Pākehā circus hāereere, i whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga tere o toi circus.

whakaaro te tino pokea ana o circus Russian te XIX rautau. Ko reira i tenei wa haere tokomaha Balagan ngā ataahua ki te whai wāhitanga o kaitäkaro me gymnasts, jugglers me acrobats, kanikani me tohunga, me te toi o te tahi atu momo. Ki te mahi i roto i nga wharau fairground timata mahi toi, me te Nikitin Durov teina, me te tokomaha noa atu. He wā tino nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te circus Russian ko te kitea o te whare kohatu tuatahi: i roto i te St Petersburg i te parepare, i roto i 1877-m, i Moscow, i runga i te tae Boulevard i roto i 1880.

Ko te putanga o te circus Soviet

I muri i te mau ohipa o Oketopa 1917 i reira kua nui ngā whakarerekētanga i roto i te ora, me te hītori o te circus toi Russian. Nga mua, whakahaere revolution ahurea ngā tautoko kāwanatanga circus a hanga ana e ia he taputapu wä kaha e ai he pānga i runga i te tini. He mana nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te circus Soviet he tikanga "I te whakakotahitanga o te mahi tapere", hainatia i August 1919, Ulyanov-Lenin. E ai ki tenei tuhinga, ko te circus katoa me tapere taonga raro ki Kōawa. Heoi, ko te pai puhoi ahunga whakamua, me i 1922 ngā te circus kāinga o rua anake āhua o Moscow. Na, tino hohoro, i roto i tika e toru nga tau, timata i te atu 15 circuses i roto i nga pa rerekē o te kāwanatanga Soviet. I whakatuwheratia te tuatahi i roto i Nizhny Novgorod Fair Soviet circus teneti. Na ka ka nationalized ratou, whakahou, ka tīmata ki te hoatu whakaaturanga me ngā mahi i roto i Leningrad, Tver, Rostov-i runga i-Don, Orel, Kiev, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kazan, Tula. Te nuinga o nga ruma i tuku e ke rite ratou ake matā toi ngaro, a he rawakore ratou taumata o whakangungu. Hei whakaoti i te raruraru i roto i 1926, i whakaritea akoranga toi circus, e muri ka Technical School, te wahi whakaako ia nga toi tuatahi o te circus Soviet.

hoko

I roto i te mutunga o nga 1920 - wawe 1930 i runga i te huarahi circus rohe maha ruma hou, rite tango ki pūkete te Māoritanga me te ao view ke o mua. I muri kua tae mai te tukunga i roto i 1936 o te kiriata i runga i te toi e mahi i roto i te circus Soviet he whakatupuranga faauruhia a hiakai mō te kororia o toi taitamariki. Ko i tenei wa ka haere mai te tihi tuatahi o te rongonui o te nui hangareka Karandash (MN Rumyantsev), i reira nga tau nui o kaitoi trapeze Valentino ko Mihaila Volginyh, Seeds kaiwhiu faahiahia ki ona kaihīkoi pūkenga teina Svirina me Pavel Tarasov. humarie taea tatou te mea e i roto i te thirties me tekau o te rau tau XX kua whakawhanakehia te circus Soviet ona ake kāhua ahurei, me te ngāwari mōhiotia.

tau te whawhai, me te pou-pakanga

hopoi mai Circus ao i roto i toi o tetahi momo huru maitatai mai te haamahu, me te manawanui, te itoito, me te vilitakí i roto i te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga. whakakitea katoa o ratou i roto i ngā āhuatanga pakanga uaua. e kore Marshal Chernyakhovsky ore whakaahuatia te toi circus rite huru mau taata maitai.

circus Soviet i roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic, i tukua e kino nui. Ka rite ki te hua o te poma, i ngaro maha whare, engari i roto i te tau fifi tino o te whawhai a tae noa, ka mau te kāwanatanga Soviet mehua ki te tautoko i te toi maninirau.
Hoko kaiurungi, Heketau, sappers, Carriers ariki o te ao. I te rua o nga ra o te ropu whawhai o kaieke, arahina e M. Tuganova, tahi ki te hoiho piri ia te Cavalry Corps Dovatora. tonu te toe toi mahi ki ngā rōpū toi, hoatu he konohete i runga i te aho mua, me te i roto i te paroita hōhipera, i teihana rerewhenua me te hōia. i Popular rite hoia me kaimahi tau Sapphire e whakakitea te hangareka circus Soviet Mihail Nikolaevich Rumyantsev (pene), Boris Vyatkin, Konstantin Berman.

E rave rahi o te kaitoi i mate i te mua, a ka anga te hunga e ora i roto i te tau pou-whawhai, tahi ki te taitama ngā kaimahi ki te whakahoki, ka whakawhanake i te toi circus, muri mohio te pai i roto i te ao.