Creativity me te haurongo o Osip Mandelstam

I roto i te maha ngā kōrero mīharo compatriots haurongo nui o Osip Mandelstam, ahakoa kahore tohaina te kaha motuhake, engari ka mahara tonu te mea o tona ati. I roto i tona ora poto, ite ia e rua takaí, kitea nei i roto i tona ao e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te rotarota. Haunga enei, Osip Mandelstam mahi ngā tuhi, maha tuhinga, tuhinga roa, whakamāoritanga me te fakaanga tuhituhi.

tamarikitanga

Osip Emilevich Mandelshtam, he Hurai i whanau, whanau i roto i te Hānuere 1891 i roto i te pane a Polish, i roto i aua ra i faataahia ki Russia. Tata tonu i muri i te whanautanga o te utuafare o tana tama, oho ki St Petersburg. Aemilius Veniaminovich, papa o te tamaiti, i hanga he pakihi karapu ora, me te te kaihokohoko ko te Guild tuatahi, na puritia e ia he tūranga pai i roto i te hapori. ako tona whaea, Flora Verblovskaya, waiata, te aroha o i riro te reira i te teina me te Mandelstam. Osip i roto i te wā i 1900 ki te 1907 ako ia i te mātauranga kura Tenishev whaimana e kotahi riro Nabokov. I muri i tu'ite, tonoa e te mau metua tana tama ki Paris, a muri mai - i roto i Germany (e tika ana ki te haumarutanga pūtea). I te Sorbonne tae ia maha kauwhau, ka tutaki ki rotarota Wīwī, me te tutaki tona hoa ake nei - Nikolai Gumilyov.

ho'iraa

Kia aroha mai, Mandelstam whānau i pakaru i te tau 1911, ka hoki Osip ki St Petersburg. I roto i te taua tau whakauru ia i roto i te University o St Petersburg i te manga o mua-Philological, engari kihai ia i te whakahaere ki te tiki whakangungu i mua i te mutunga o te Levíty, a kua peia i roto i 1917. I roto i tenei wā, i hoatu ana here tōrangapū ki te Mauī pāpori-mua me nga Democrats Social. Ko hoki ia kaha te kauwhau Marxism. Creativity Osip Mandelstam i hanga ake ki te wā French o tona ora, me te rotarota tuatahi kitea i roto i te "Apollo" Journal o te marama i roto i te 1910.

"Poets Shop"

Na kua riro te reira e e hiahiatia tonu nga kaitito me hoa no ki te tetahi rere. Rōpū "kaitito toa" ngā o taua tuakiri rongonui rite Gumilev, Akhmatova, Sergei Gorodetsky, a, o te akoranga, e maha tae hui Mandelstam. Osip i tau tona wawe tiaki ki fakataipe, engari i muri ka he acmeism muimui rite ana hoa tata i te karapu. Witi o tenei au e mārama, whakapakoko kiko, me te mārama. Ko te kupu, i te tau 1913, te kohinga tuatahi o ngā rotarota e Mandelstam huaina "Stone" Kua whakaurua te wairua o reira acmeism. I roto i te hunga taua tau, korero ia i roto i te iwi whānui, te toro i te "Kitten Dog" ka mohio hoki ki te poraka, Tsvetaeva ko Livshits.

tau o noho manene ai

Haurongo Osipa Mandelshtama i roto i tenei wā ko te tino arepurepu. A, no te timata Ao War ahau, e tika ana ki ngā raruraru hauora mo nga Misses punake mua. Ko te takanga o 1917 rawa mārama kitea i roto i ona lyrics. ke ano ana whakaaro taumauri me tōrangapū, tenei wa i roto i te manakohia o nga mua. tuhituhi ia maha ngā whiti, ki te kingi, me te ope. I roto i tenei wā te riro ia atu me te ake rongonui, me te angitu, haere kaha i roto i te whenua, me te e tāngia i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā pukapuka. whakatenatena take Unknown ia ki te neke ki Kiev, i reira noho ai ia i te wa i te wahine i mua nei Osipa Mandelshtama, Nadezhda Hazina. I mua i te faaipoiporaa, mutu i 1922, ko te wa ki te noho i te tahi wa i roto i te Crimea, te wahi i hopukina ia i runga i te māharahara o te maramarama Bolshevik. He tau i muri i te tukunga o te whakarau e tuku ia ia ki a Georgia. Heoi, i reira e pera tatari mo te ohorere kino. I hoatu e ia ano i muri tutaki, engari te whakawhetai ki te mau tautooraa o hoa rohe, whakahaere ia ki te mawhiti hohoro.

Life me te mahi i roto i te Soviet Russia

i muri tonu te taviniraa here i roto i Georgia haurongo Osipa Mandelshtama hoki ano ki tona mua taketake. kitea tona huru ki te revolution e i roto i te kohinga i muri o ngā whiti i raro i te taitara Tristia, whakaputaina nei i roto i te 1922 i roto i Berlin. Na ka hono ia ia ki nga here tapu Nadezhda. I roto i nga mahi o te wa kingi te ati reka, aru e te hiahia mō te mawehe ki te uara, iwi me ngā wāhi. I muri i taua, te punake Osip Mandelstam haere ki te raruraru hohonu, me tautohetia ana o rotarota, te tuatahi reka pā o te mau irava torutoru, e faaite pouri mo te matenga o te ahurea tawhito. A i roto i te wā-tau e rima (1925 ki te 1930), me te kore i tuhituhi tetahi mea, motu ke i te tuhi. Hei ora te hopoia i roto i te taiao pakeke, whakawhiti i te reira. te toru, me te whakamutunga nga kohinga ui noa "Poems" whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1928. I roto i tenei ko ia rawa hāngai ki Bukharin, kahore he nei i te wahi whakamutunga i roto i te Kremlin. Heoi, nga kaitautoko o Stalin, kei te kohikohi kaha, titiro hoki tetahi take ki fetongi te rohi pehe.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Haurongo Osipa Mandelshtama i te 30raa e te reira tahi ki tana wahine i roto i te Caucasus, e te mea hoki e kore kahore te tauturu, me te hassle Bukharin. 'I hono kehé, ko reira he take ki te whakawhirinaki i te whakatoi atu te toenga. tauturu i Osipu Emilevichu ngā haerenga whakahoki moni i roto i te rotarota, hua i roto i te kohinga o tuhinga roa "Journey ki Armenia", e, Heoi, i paopao e Māoritanga. I muri i te 3 tau hoki te rohipehe te kāinga. Kei te huri ano ana whakaaro, kia rite ki Communism oto wehi i mua rawa haapouri i tona ngakau. Mai tona pene i roto i tuhituhia, kinotia ia "Kremlin maunga", i tai'o e ia i roto i te iwi whānui pākiki. I roto i enei iwi ko te kaiwhāki, e hohoro ana ki te pūrongo ki a Stalin. I roto i te 1934, Osip tatari hoki tetahi atu hopu me te whakarau i roto i Perm, te wahi e haere tahi ia e te wahine pono. He tamata ia ki te mahi i te whakamomori, engari herea he ngana te ki kore. I muri i taua, ka tonoa te tokorua e ki Voronezh. Ko reira i reira e i tuhituhia e te pai, ka hainatia te rotarota hou "Osip Mandelstam", haurongo, me te auaha e hatepea atu i roto i te 1938.

mate

I roto i te tau 1937, ka hoki te rohipehe, me tana wahine ki a Moscow. Heoi, he tau i muri mai, i hopukina ano ia i roto i Samatihe. Tona tautea ki rima tau i roto i te puni anō-mātauranga. Kia aroha mai, Ko reira te fiva kino, mahi wahi e tata ana Vladivostok, ai nga mate. Kua ora te nuinga o ana whiti whakawhetai ki te mau tautooraa o tana wahine. I roto i ana haerenga, me ngā hononga i huna ai ia mahi tana tahu a ranei tamau aau. tanumia Mandelstam te i roto i te urupa puranga.