Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya: haurongo me te whakaahua

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya (ingoa tūturu - Nefedov) - he toi Russian rongonui, e tika ana ki nei kua ako te ao katoa e pā ana ki te oraraa o tetahi o nga iwi Mordovian. whakarato ana te tuhinga i te tirohanga whānui poto o tona ora, me te mahi.

Ko te takenga mai o te toi

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya whanau i roto i te rohe o Ardatov o Mordovia (d. Baevo) October 27, 1876. ko ona matua kaimahi no ki te iwi erzya Mordvinian (konei ingoakē toi). tohe tenei iwi o ngā whakapono etene ki te rau tau 19. Kei te mohiotia te reira e koropiko te whakahonoretia wairua Erzya o awa, puna, me te kohatu rakau tapu. Heoi, Stepan ia ko Siu, a kua i roto i te whakatupuranga 3.

wā whakangungu

tīmata te toi heke mai tona ora ake i te tau o te 14 tau. I roto i te 10 tau i muri mai rave Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya i ngā mahi toi, tae atu peita mau hiero. Anake e hoki ana ki tona matua i roto i Alatyr, te wahi i oho ratou i reira, ka anga Stepan ki te mahi i te mea ko tona piiraa pono. mauruuru kaihokohoko Local te tirohanga i hanga e ia ki te theatricals runaruna i runga i nga mahi A. S. Pushkina. faaoti ratou ki te whakaatu pikitia o Stepan Dmitrievich Kaiwhakahaere o te kura Stroganov i Moscow.

I roto i te 1901, tata whai i te reo Russian haere Erzya ki ako i roto i Moscow. I muri ako mo te tau i te kura Stroganov, te wahi tae ia akomanga tuhi ahiahi, i taea e Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya tomo te kura Moscow o Painting. I roto i te tau, Erzya teuteu ki te riro i te kaipeita, engari ka faaoti ki te haere ki te tari whakairo. I ngāwari ki te ako ia. Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich hohoro taukei te mahi o whakawhetai toi ki ona oro'a tūturu. Tona kaiako ko S. M. Volnuhin, i mohiotia ko rite te kaituhi o te pou Ivanu Fedorovu, pionie Russian. He hoa whanaunga ki tona kaiwhakaako Stepan. Erzya awhinatia ia i muri i te revolution. ka mau ia mate Volnukhin te tonga, e ngana ana ki te whakaora ia ia. Heoi, ka mate tona kaiwhakaako i tona ringa. Creativity māngai o Impressionism P. P. Trubetskogo hoki i te mana nui i runga i te hanganga o te heke mai o te toi.

kihai i Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich whakaoti i te akoranga. whakaaro ia e ko te kura te pai taea ahau. I te 1906 ka haere ia ki Itari. Ko konei e timata ia ki te mutunga karanga ia Erzya, whakapono e te kupu tenei a te ao mo tona iwi. Me kï reira e pahono ia ki te īngoa i mua, ka hainatia ētahi wā ingoa Nefedov-Erzya tona mahi ngā ākonga.

kawea te mahi i roto i roto i Itari

Faauruhia e te mahi a Michelangelo, ka anga mahi i roto i te mapere Erzya. I roto i Italy, ia hohoro taukei nga pūkenga e tika ana. haehaenga toi ratou hamaniraa tika i roto i te kohatu. kihai i rite mai ia tauira-mua huahua ranei. Me kï reira e rangatira torutoru mahi, te whakamahi i te tikanga o te whakairo tika. Kei te nuinga o te wā haere ratou ki nga ratonga o kaiāwhina. I tēnei wā, e kore e reira maha mahi Erzya e pā ana ki tenei wā. I roto i te whakairo, ko te tika ki te mōhio i te whakapakoko Ioanna Krestitelya. I meatia tenei mahi mo te pa whare o La Spezia.

Ko te angitu nui tuatahi

I roto i te 1909, ka haere mai Stepan Dmitrievich angitu nui tuatahi. Kua I reira ka i roto i te Exhibition International waru i roto i te Venice Erzya hanganga kua whakaatu, Nō "Last po i mua i te mahia o te tangata mau". Ko reira te hua o Stepan Dmitrievich hanga i muri i te haerenga ki te Moscow- Butyrskaya. Me ahau mea e i roto i te tau o te ako e tatou hiahia i roto i te MOONLIGHTING toi photographer. I tenei wa, ahau pihinga ahau tahae, ko wai i mauheretia, Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich.

haurongo Poto o te ariki kore e whai wāhi mohio taipitopito ki tona mahi. Heoi, e ti'a ia tatou te mea i te torutoru nga kupu e pā ana ki te "po whakamutunga i mua i te mahia o te tangata mau", rite he reira mahi tino nui. Stepan Dmitrievich e whakaaturia ana e noho ana te tangata hawhe-tahanga, e te tamata mauiui mōhio o te meka e hohoro e ia. I roto i tenei ahua, ki te ōrite imi i te kaituhi, i te mea angamaheni o te maha o nga mahi o te moni ki a tatou te rangatira.

Me mea e ahau e maongo tenei whakapakoko i te taha o te whakaaturanga. ka tonu Erzya mohiotia e kore e anake rite "Russian Rodin." Ko reira ngā e te aroaro o tata ki te whakaaturanga, i ko ki te aroaro ki a ia, i pahuatia. a Stepan Dmitrievich ki whakahokia te whakairo i roto i tika 4 ra. I tēnei wā, e kore e mohiotia te wāhi o te mahi kawea atu i roto i te raima. E anake tākaro reira.

Moving ki France

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya whakairo nei i taua wa i kua tino pai mohiotia noa atu, i roto i te 1910 ka whakatutehu ia ki a France. i te angitu nui tona whakaaturanga i roto i Munich, Nice ko Milan. Kua ka Museum i Nice tona mahi, hokona ratou, me kohikohi tūmataiti. I roto i Paris i te tau 1913 tū ia tona whakaaturanga solo tuatahi Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich. Tona haurongo i tenei wa tohua e te hanga o te raupapa o whakaahua whakairo i hanga ki te tono. hoatu tenei he hoki nui ki te rangatira. Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya, nei kei roto i te tono nui te mahi, tamau aau tauira kirihou tonu. Na whakahau rawa hohoro e mahi ia - ko reira nui ki ngā wā kotahi e rua ranei.

whakaahua Women o

Stepan Dmitrievich i roto i te tau 1912 i hanga he whakaahua o tona wahine e arohaina ana, Mata. Ka tenei whakapakoko whakairo (he filio'i ataahua o te matenga, te ngaro hawhe-ataata), me te tikanga motuhake o te whakatauira (mata contrastly mānia, texturally nui tukatuka huruhuru) i roto i te mahi o te kaitoi i mua nei e faahiti i roto i te maha o ngā whakaahua o te wahine. I roto i "wahine Norwegian", hanga i roto i te 1914, he toi ki te mohio nui haere te āhua uaua o te ngakau o te wahine pūrotu, he kore rawa pai, me te kore pera taitamariki wahine. mana'o ia e ki te oaoa, te mate ranei.

Hoki ki Russia

Erzya i roto i 1914 ka hoki ia ki a Russia. Tona hoa ko te ST Konenkov, e tino awe te mahi atu o te rangatira. ka huihuia Stepan Dmitrievich i roto i te Pakanga o te Ao e ahau, ko ia i raro i te mātakitaki o Dr. H. O. Suteeva. mahi Erzya rite te tika hauora. Ko te tākuta, ko wai i raro i te whakahau a Stepan Dmitrievich, tuhituhi ana kōrero, ki tonu i te mōrearea faahiahia o tona ora ki waho. I muri mai ka whakaputaina ēnei kōrero.

Hoki kāinga, hanga te toi te mahi, e kore anake i roto i te mapere. Erzya ka whakamahia ngā rauemi e he whakairo rerekē papa peita (raima, sima). I tua atu, tono te artist raima ki maramara maitai. tuatahi mahi Erzya i te rakau. I whakakaha tenei e tona kaume'a ki Konenkov, nei ko te ariki rongonui o te hanga whakairo rakau. pāngia hoki te kōwhiringa o te rauemi wheako o ngā tamariki, i riro Stepan Dmitrievich, i miharo hoki nga mahi o kaitoi iwi Mordvin, te raveraa i whakairo o te rakau.

He haerenga ki te Urals

Marble kua noho tonu te rauemi tino Erzya. ara ka haere Stepan Dmitrievich ki te maunga Ural i rapu o kamaka mapere onge. E pā ana tēnei haerenga ki te wā i te tau 1918 ki te 1921. I tenei wa, i te toi ki mau i nga faingata'a katoa o te wa nui pou-pāhoro, me te pakanga kaiākiri muri.

"Eva"

"Eva" - mahi Erzya-mohiotia, i hanga i roto i te 1919. tupuna Fakatohitapu o mapere whakairo. puta te reira ki a tatou i roto i te ahua o te pyshnoteloy moloduhi kainga, kūare me erotic i te wa ano. Tenei whakairo i roto i noa ki nga mahi o nga rangatira o Art Nouveau. Memenge tenei kāhua pā ana ki te wā o te hanganga Erzya rite toi.

Ko te tau he vahaataimi

Stepan Dmitrievich i te tau tuatahi i muri i te pakanga e noho ana i roto i Yekaterinburg ko Moscow, Batumi, Novorossiysk, Baku. Kaiwhakaako whakaako, whai wāhi ia i roto i ngā whakaritea e te mana hou. Erzya i 1922 i mahi nga whakaahua o Akaki Tsereteli, Shota Rustaveli, Ilia Chavchavadze. hanga ano e ia nga mahi e whai ake nei: "Leda me te Swan," "metua vahine", "Rere". Kua hanga katoa o enei fakatupu o te rakau. Te toi hanga, me te mahi whakapaipai ki te tono. Te nuinga o ratou e kore i ora. I roto i enei, kia tuhia te reira te pou ki Karl Marx me tauatāina i Yekaterinburg. E hanga rua o ratou o te sima, me te tono ki te 1920. I roto i nga mahi ora o tenei wa e te aroaro marietia ngoikore, pērā i te Whare o Kauae i Baku. mana'o e taha e kore te Erzya riro enei puka. Pera me te matenga, me te māhunga o Lenin i toi Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

wā Parata o te auahatanga

Artist i roto i te 1925 ka te mema o te Society o kaiwhakairo Russian. Ko te tau e whai ake nei ka haere ia ki a France ki tona whakaatu, ka kore faaoti ki hoki ki honau fonua tupu'angá. noho Erzya i Argentina, rite kore whenua Pākehā i hiahia ki te tango i te "toi whero." Ko te kupu ka timata i te wā hua hou i roto i te ora o te kaitoi rite Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

kaha te awe wā Parata te pūtakenga auaha o te ariki. oho Stepan Dmitrievich ki tenei whenua, noho i roto i te whare iti i runga i te waho o Buenos Aires. erzya faaite wā ia i roto i ngā whakaaturanga rohe ana mahi, whakaputaina i tona ake moni he pukapuka ki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki a ratou. I roto i tenei wā, anake te rauemi mō te Erzya ko Algarrobo rakau me quebracho, e tupu anake i roto i ngahere Amerika ki te Tonga. Ko te tino pakeke tenei rauemi, na ka ui ia Stepan Dmitrievich pakeke, mahi pakeke. whakamahia te artist te nodules, nodules, pakiaka o nga rakau, tūhono i te mongamonga hiahiatia o kāpia. I te 1932 i mahi ia i te matenga-kanohi "a Mohi" (whakaahua i runga ake) Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. wā Parata - he reira ano hoki te hanga o ngā whakaahua whakairo o tona papa, me te whaea, "Lva Tolstogo" (1930). I roto i te 1944, i mahi i te artist te mahi "te tangata." hanga ano Erzya te huinga o ngā whakaahua o nehenehe taitamariki.

Ho'iraa, nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora

I roto i te 1950, ka hoki Erzya (Nefedov) Stepan Dmitrievich ki te USSR. Fakataha ki a ia i runga i te kaipuke ka tae tata katoa ana whakairo (ki runga 300 mahi). Ano, kawea mai te kaitoi kua mongamonga o te rakau Algarrobo ko quebracho mo ana mahi he kaha'ú. Whakaritea i roto i Moscow i 1954. Ko te solo whakaaturanga Erzya he angitu nui.

ka mate te toi i runga i Noema 27, 1959 i roto i Saransk tonu o te ariki nui, he aha i tino Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. aroaro Photos runga ake tona urupa.