Artillery - te atua o te whawhai? Artillery World Tuarua

"Ko te pū - te atua o te whawhai" - ko kotahi faaite I. V. Stalin, korero e pā ana ki tetahi o nga momo tino nui o ngā hōia. Ki enei kupu, ka tamata ia ki haapapu i te faufaa rahi e i enei patu i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Na he pono tenei tauākī, rite kore e taea te piriponotanga nga hua o te pū. whakaaetia tona kaha ope Soviet nanakia akina hoariri, me te ki whakatata te minaminatia Victory nui.

Ka I muri mai i roto i tenei tuhinga e whakaaro e te pū o te Ao Tuarua, i i reira i roto i te mahi o Nasí Germany me te Soviet Union, tīmata ki pū anti-tank marama, me te mutu superheavy pu-taniwha.

pū anti-tank

Ka rite ki te hītori o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, pu marama na me nui whakamatauria tata maumau ki waka Armoured. Ko te meka e te tikanga ratou hangaia i roto i nga tau interwar, a taea te tu tiaki ngoikore anake o te waka Armoured tuatahi. Otiia i mua i te tīmatanga o te Technology Tuarua o te Ao he tere whakahou. riro nui nui Haana tāke, i tūnga tawhito kia maha momo o patu.

Time o takanga o taputapu taimaha tawhiti mahue te whanaketanga o te whakatupuranga hou o pū. Pū kauhoe, i whai wāhi i roto i te riri, ki tona ohorere, fakatokanga'i e kore i patua ratou missiles hanga pū-arahina te tāke. i kaha ki te mahi i tetahi mea Artillery. Anga poipoia noa atu te corps Armoured, kahore meinga ratou tetahi kino.

Pupuhi whānui i roto i te pū anti-tank marama i iti, na i te waka pū ki te haapa'o ratou i runga i te hoariri, ko te tawhiti tata rawa ki te patua ia mo te tino. I roto i te mutunga, i panaia tenei Pakanga II o te Ao pū ki te whakamārama, a i whakamahia rite te tautoko ahi o hōia ki runga ki te takanga.

pū mara

i he pānga nui i runga i te faaineineraa e rua o ngā mahi ino, me te whai huatanga o mehua ārai te tere tuatahi, me te rere ngā mōrahi o anga mara pū i taua wa. Pū arai atu te kaupapa noa o te hoariri, a taea tino whakangaromia nga rārangi katoa supply. I roto i te hoê taime ngā nui o te pū parae whawhai (pikitia taea kite koe i roto i te tuhinga) Kei te maha ora ana hōia, ka awhinatia ki te riro i te wikitoria. Hei tauira, i roto i te whawhai i roto i France i roto i te tau 1940, Germany tono ona pu 105-mirimita leFH 18. E tano ia tapao e maha mai i te Tiamana ki waho wikitoria i roto i, tutū pū ki pākahiko hoariri.

pu Field, te mua i te Army Whero, i māngai 76.2-mirimita repo, 1942 tuku. I ia rawa te tere paraire tiketike, e hanga ana e ia ngā ngāwari ki te wahi i roto i te tiaki o te patu Tiamana. I tua atu, i te pu Soviet o tenei piha haapiiraa i rawaka ngā tūmomo ki te karawhiuwhiu i ahanoa i te tawhiti pai mo ratou. Kaiwhakawa mo koe: te tawhiti e taea rere a tawhio, maha atu i te 12 km! whakaaetia tenei rangatira Soviet ki tūranga ārai mamao arai mua o te hoariri.

He meka ngā ko e i roto i 1942, kua tukua nga pu o te tauira mo te wa o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao he rota neke atu i te toenga o nga patu o te momo kotahi. Koinei, etahi o nga kape, me tonu noho i runga i te Ope Russian.

mōtā

Mahalo ko mōtā nga patu tautoko hōia tino utu me te whai hua. E maitai ngā ratou āhuatanga pērā i ngā me te firepower, na kua ratou whakamahinga kua taea ki te huri i te akoranga o te ino hoariri katoa.

German hōia 80mm maha whakamahia "Granatverfer-34." Kua roaa tenei patu notoriety i roto i nga hoia ona hoa o te tere tiketike, me te pupuhi pū tino. Haunga tona tawhiti shooting o 2,400 m.

Army Whero whakamahia mō te tautoko te ahi o ratou 120mm hōia M1938, tomo mahi i roto i te tau 1939. Ko ia te tuatahi o nga koko ki te ërä e kua tonu kua hua, ka whakamahia i roto i te mahi ao. A, no te fehangahangai nga hōia Tiamana ki enei patu i runga i te parekura, hounga'ia ratou tona kaha, a ka tīmata ake i roto i te hanga, me te i whakaritea rite "Granatverfer-42." paunatia M1932 285 kg, a i te mea pokepoke whakaaro taumaha i i hōia tō ki ano. Ki te mahi i tenei i tana whakawete ranei ki te maha wahi, unuhia ranei i runga i te tōneke motuhake. Ko 400 m raro atu i taua o te Tiamana tona whānuitanga shooting "Granatverfera-34."

kōwae whaiaro-tīhokatia

I roto i nga wiki tuatahi o te whawhai, ka reira mārama e ko te hōia tino i roto i te hiahia i te tautoko pono ahi o. Kua tūtaki te ope German patu he tutukitanga i roto i te puka o te tūranga pai-taiepa me te kukū nui o ngā hōia hoariri. Na ka whakaritea e ratou ki te whakapakari i tona tautoko pūkoro ahi pū whaiaro-tīhokatia 105 mm tāutanga "Vespa", hutia i runga i te tahuhu tank PzKpfw II. Ētahi atu patu taua - "Hummel" - ko e konga o te wehenga moto me tank mai i 1942.

I te wa ano ka puta te Army Whero patu whaiaro-tīhokatia pū SU-76 pū, 76,2 mm. I eke te reira i runga i te tahuhu whakarerekētia o te tank marama T-70. I te tīmatanga, tūmanakohia te SU-76 ki te whakamahi i rite te kaipahua tank, engari kua ua ite e ua ia ki te mahi i iti rawa firepower i te akoranga o tona tono.

I roto i te puna o 1943, riro hōia Soviet motokā hou - ISU-152. I rite rawa te reira ki te howitzer 152.4-mm a i te tikanga mo te whakangaromanga o te tautoko hōia ahi tāke me te pū pūkoro me. Tuatahi, eke he pū i runga i te tank huriaro HF-1, me ka i runga i te IC. I roto i te whawhai, kua whakamatauria tenei patu ki te kia pera whai hua i roto i te taviniraa ki te ope Soviet, me te te whenua Warsaw Pact ki te 70-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga.

pūrepo taimaha Soviet

Tenei ahua o taputapu ko o faufaa nui i roto i te akoranga o whawhai i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Ko te nui tino o reira ngā pū ngā i roto i Army Whero, ko howitzer M1931 B-4 ërä 203 mm o. A, no te timata nga hōia Soviet ki pōturi iho te mua tere o nga whakaeke Tiamana o tona rohe, me te whawhai i runga i te Front Eastern ka atu āhua pateko, ko puhipuhi taimaha, rite mea ratou, i roto i to ratou wahi.

Ko e rapu tonu nga ngā mo te kōwhiringa pai. Ratou mahi i ki te hanga i te taputapu, i pai kia taea ki te feongoongoi āhuatanga hanumi pērā i taimaha iti, ngā pai me projectiles taumaha. Na ka hanga tenei patu. riro ratou i te howitzer 152-mirimita ML-20. A iti i muri mai i te hōia Soviet riro M1943 patu toe fakaeonopooni ange ki te ërä taua, engari ki te oko tautaha me te wahia, paraire nui.

hua kamupene Defence o te Soviet Union he rōpū nui, ka puranga taua howitzers, i arahina ki te hoariri ahi. Artillery mo'oni kore i nga tūranga Tiamana, a reira hutia mahere ino o te hoariri. He tauira ko te mahi "Storm", i pai nei kawea atu i roto i te 1942. Ko tōna hua ko te encirclement i Stalingrad, te Tiamana 6 Army. whakamahia hoki tona mahi i neke atu i te 13 mano. Guns o ngā momo. mana tuatahi o te faaineineraa puhipuhi mua te whakaeke. Ko ia te tangata e whai wāhi nui ki te mua tere o Soviet ope Armoured me te hoia.

patu taimaha Tiamana

E ai Versailles Tiriti i muri i te Pakanga o te Ao e ahau i roto i Germany kua rāhuitia pū ki te ërä 150 mm atu ranei o. Na reira u mohio "Krupp" whai wāhi i roto i te whakawhanake i te pū hou, i ki te waihanga i tētahi howitzer mara taimaha sFH 18 149.1-mm oko, arā, o te ngongo, me te kōaro casing.

I te timatanga o te whawhai e haere te howitzer taimaha Tiamana ki te pamu hoiho. Otiia i muri mai ko reira he putanga hou o kua toia hawhe-ara tarakihana, hanga reira pūkoro nui atu. Ko te ope Tiamana kua pai te tono reira ki te Front Eastern. Na roto i te mutunga o te howitzer whawhai sFH 18 eke i runga i te tahuhu tank. Na, whiwhi ahau pū whaiaro-tīhokatia, "Hummel."

Soviet Katyusha

hōia pere me pū - ko tetahi o nga wehenga o ope whenua. Ko te whakamahi o missiles i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i te nuinga e tika ana ki te nui-tauine whawhai i runga i te Front Eastern. hipoki tākirirangi mano ahi ona rohe nui atu wāhikē etahi hē o patu unguided. Ina whakaritea ki missiles tikanga utu missiles ko reira nui iti, ano hanga ratou rawa hohoro. Ko tētahi atu painga ko te tapatahi whanaunga o ratou mahi.

pū tākirirangi Soviet i roto i te pakanga whakamahia nga matā 132-mirimita o M-13. i hanga ratou i roto i te tau 1930 me i taua wa, ka rite ki te Germany Nasí patua te Soviet Union, i roto i ngā rahinga iti rawa. Ko pea enei missiles te rongonui tino o enei anga katoa whakamahia i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Āta whakapumautia ratou ratou production, a na te mutunga o 1941, whakamahia ko M-13 i roto i te whawhai ki nga kau Nasí.

Me ahau mea e nga hoia pere me pū o te Army Whero, rere nga Tiamana ki te ru i meinga e te mana inä me mana o te patu hou whakamate. Launchers BM-13-16 whakanohoia i runga i ngā taraka me huapae i 16 rauna. I muri, ka kia mohiotia enei pūnaha pere rite "Katyusha". Neke atu i te wā i ake ratou e rave rahi taime, a ngā o te Army Soviet tae noa te 80-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ki te haerenga mai o launchers tākirirangi kīanga "puhipuhi - te atua o te whawhai" timata reira ki te kia kite a rite te pono.

launchers tākirirangi Tiamana

He momo hou o te patu whakaaetia ki te whakaora whawhai wahi ka motu e rua nui, me te iti i roto i te tawhiti. Ko te kupu, hāngai missiles poto-whānui ratou firepower i runga i ngā whāinga kei roto i te rārangi mua, te mea ki te whati roa o te hit pere i runga i ngā kei muri rārangi hoariri.

Ko te Tiamana hoki i ona ake pū tākirirangi. "Vurframen-40" - te Pūwhakarewa tākirirangi Tiamana, noho nei i roto i te hawhe-ara hangarau Sd.Kfz.251. topa tākirirangi ki te whāinga e tahuri i te mīhini. I te tahi taime e whakaurua enei pūnaha ki te whawhai kia rite ki te pū tōia.

I roto i te nuinga o te wā, e whakamahia ana te Tiamana tākirirangi Pūwhakarewa "Nebelverfer-41", i i te hanganga honikoma. Tuhinga reira o ono huapae tubular me te eke i runga i te hariata e rua-moana. Otiia i roto i te whawhai, ko tenei patu, he tino mōrearea mo te hoariri e kore anake engari ano mo ratou ake tātaitanga e tika ki te wahia i roto o nga putorino zasoplovogo mura.

anga Taumaha engine tākirirangi i te pānga nui i runga i te whānuitanga o ratou rere. Na reira, i reira he painga hōia nui taua ope, ko tona puhipuhi taea patua ngā taumata kei tawhiti muri te raina o te hoariri. i whai hua German missiles taimaha mō te ahi mata anake, i te mea ka tika ki te whakangaro i te taonga pai-taiepa, pērā i Pukehinahina, waka Armoured me te momo o waonga.

E tano ia tapao e te ahi pū e nui hoki iho i roto i te awhe Katyusha tākirirangi Pūwhakarewa nga Tiamana no o anga pouri nui.

pu superheavy

I roto i te ope patu o Hitler i takaro he wāhi tino nui i te pū. Ko katoa te atu poitirere tenei e ko te reira tata te huānga tino nui o te mīhini whawhai Nasí, rite hiahia pūkenga hou hoki etahi take ki te arotahi ratou feruriraa i ni'ai te ako o te hītori o te Luftwaffe (Air Force).

Ahakoa i te mutunga o te pakanga i te mahi Engineers Tiamana i runga i te waka Armoured rahi hou - he tauira o te tank nui, i roto i te rite ki i te titiro ki te papaka te toenga o te taputapu hōia. Ko te P1500 kaupapa "Monster" kihai i whai wa ki te whakatinana i. Kei te anake mohiotia te reira e e paunatia te tank 1.5 taranata. I whakaritea te reira e e ia kia patu ki te pu 80-henemita "Gustav" u "Krupp". E tano ia tapao e whakaaro tonu ona ngā nui, he kahore okotahi me te pū. tomo mahi tenei patu ki te ope Nasí i roto i te whakapaenga o Sevastopol. hanga Cannon he katoa o 48 matā, i muri i whanau reira kākahu.

pū Rail K-12 i roto i te mahi 701 th puhipuhi pākahiko tu ana i runga i te rohe Channel. E ai ki etahi pūrongo, ratou anga, pera paunatia ratou 107.5 kg, i patua e rave rahi ngā taumata i roto i te tonga Ingarangi. Ēnei taniwha pū anuhe i to ratou wāhanga T-āhua, e hiahiatia ana ki te tāuta me te arotahi.

tatauranga

Ka rite ki tuhia i mua, ki nga whenua o te ope e whai wāhi i roto i te whawhai o 1939-1945, ka haere mai ki te whawhai ki te pu tawhito wāhanga ake ranei. kitea tino ratou inefficiencies katoa Pakanga II o te Ao. wawe i Artillery kore anake i roto i te whakahou, engari ano ki te whakapiki ake i tona rahinga.

Mai i 1941 ki te tau 1944, kua hua Germany neke atu i 102 mano. Guns ki ërä rerekē, me te ki runga ki te 70 mano. Mōtā. Na roto i te wa o te whawhai i runga i te Soviet Union, kua i nga Tiamana e pā ana ki 47 mano. Mongamonga Artillery, ka e kore e ngā patu huaki. Ki te tangohia e tatou hei tauira te United States, e ratou mo te wā taua hua e pā ana ki 150 mano. Guns. whakahaere Ingarangi ki te whakaputa i anake 70 mano Weapons o tenei piha.. Ko te lekooti i roto i tenei iwi ko te Soviet Union: te tau whawhai ki reira i whakaputaina i neke atu i te 480 mano pu, me ngā mōtā, e pā ana ki 350 mano ... I mua ki tenei, kua i te Soviet Union i roto i te taviniraa 67 th. Etahi oko. hoatu ana tēnei ahua te kahore tango ki pūkete nga koko 50-mirimita, pū, me te anti-rererangi pū o te Navy.

I roto i nga tau o te Pakanga II o te Ao pū whenua ririhau kua oti huringa nui. Tonu i roto i te ope riro rānei ake rawa ranei taputapu hou. Rawa whakawhanakehia tere, me anti-whaiaro-tīhokatia pū (whakaahua o taua wa whakaatu tona kaha). E ai ki ngā tohunga i whenua rerekē, e pā ana ki te hawhe o te mate o ope whenua pūkete mo te whakamahi o te moata i roto i te whawhai.