Engines tākirirangi Mārō me te wai

Rockets rite te momo o patu, i reira e he tino roa te wa. Te pionie i roto i tenei take ko Hainamana, i rite whakahuatia i roto i te himene o te timatanga Middle Basileia o te rau tau XIX. "Ko te anó whero o tākirirangi" - noa rite te waiatatia te reira. whakatupato ratou ratou ki paura, whakaaro, kia rite ki matau tatou, i roto i te taua China. Otiia ki "te marama whero" tiaho, a ki runga ki te upoko o hoariri hinga pere a ahi hiahiatia i engines tākirirangi, ara te māmā. Te tangata e matau e nga pahū paura, a he tika hoki tahunga kaha ki gassing arotahi te misioni. Na i ki kia whakakapia te hanganga o te wahie. Ki te ko te ōwehenga kai taikaha tikanga 75% pākawa me 15% waro me te 10% whanariki, i roto i nga engines tākirirangi 72% pākawa, 24% waro, me 4% o te whanariki.

I roto i te hou e whakamahia tākirirangi mārō me accelerators rite matatini atu ranunga wahie, engari tonu te parau tumu i te taua rite nga Hainamana onamata. He mâro-tōna painga. E mea ohie, pono, tomokanga tere tiketike, cheapness whanaunga me te noho pai o te whakamahi. Hei karapotia tīmata, nui ki te whakakā i te ranunga wahie totoka, whakarato he rere - a rere ia.

Heoi, i reira te mea he hangarau tamatahia, me te pono o ona mau paruparu. Tuatahi, ko te ngingiha tīmata o wahie, e taea e kore e mutu te reira, me te ki te huri i te aratau ngingiha. Tuarua, ko te hāora e hiahiatia ana, a i roto i te wāhi rarefied whae ranei e kore e te reira. A toru, tonu rere hohoro rawa tahunga.

Putanga, i rapu hoki nga tau maha, aivanaa i roto i te whenua maha, hopea kitea. Dr. Robert Goddard i 1926, whakamatauria te pūkaha propellant tākirirangi wai tuatahi. Ka rite ki whakamahia e ia te wahie penehīni, i konatunatua ki te hāora wai. Hoki ki te pūnaha mahi stably hoki hēkona i te iti rawa e rua me te hawhe, a Goddard ki te whakaoti i te maha o ngā raruraru hangarau e pā ana ki papu werohanga o tauhohenga, he pūnaha meangiti me te huarahi urungi.

Ko te parau tumu i runga i hanga nga mea katoa engines tākirirangi wai, he tino māmā. Roto te whare e tū tāke e rua. Mai i tetahi o ratou i roto i te upoko te ranu o te āpitihāora whangai ki te ruma roha te wahi tukua te aroaro o te whakakōkī i roto i te wahie i te rua o nga tank, haere ki te āhua haurehu waihā. Puta ngingiha tauhohenga aano atu hau haere tuatahi ūngutu wāhi pupuha subsonic, me te ka whakawhänui paorangi te wahi e tukua hoki wahie. Ko nui atu matatini te parau mau, e titau te meangiti pupuha, me te kai tikanga whakahaere - tohu tiketike o te pūmautanga. Ka taea te tukua engines tākirirangi Modern rite te wahie ki te hauwai, āpitihāora he hāora. Ko te tino taikaha tenei ranunga me te pīari iti o tetahi o te pūnaha arata'i ki te aituā kino ranei. kia hoki kia te wāhanga o te wahie atu matū kore iti mōrearea:

- karahīni me te hāora wai - i whakamahia ratou i roto i te hōtaka tuatahi wā kawe "Saturn V" i roto i te hōtaka "Apollo";

- waipiro me te hāora wai - i whakamahia i roto i te tākirirangi V2 Tiamana, me te Soviet pāpāho "Te Tai Rāwhiti";

- hauota tetroxide - monomethyl - hydrazine - whakamahia i roto i te "Kerepō" engines.

Ahakoa te matatini o te hoahoa, engines tākirirangi wai ko nga tikanga tuatahi o te tuku o te wāhi utanga. E whakamahia ratou i roto i fakavaha'akonitinēnití missiles ballistic. Aratau o mahi e whakaritea ïa, hangarau hou taea ki te whakaaunoa tukanga i roto i o ratou wae me hahi.

Heoi, e kore i te engines tākirirangi ki kora mārō, me te ngaro ratou uara. E whakamahia ratou i roto i te hangarau wāhi hei āwhina. Ratou faufaa rahi i roto i te faaora, me te braking kōwae.