Eduard Shevardnadze: biography, mahi tōrangapū, whakaahua, take o te mate

I roto i te 2014, ka mate ia te peresideni o Georgia, a i roto i nga ra o te Soviet Union - Minita Foreign. Ko ia 86 tau, a ko tona ingoa ko Eduard Shevardnadze. Ka tenei tangata kia kōrero i raro nei.

Komsomol

whanau Eduard Shevardnadze, kei roto i te tuhinga nei whakaahua, i roto i 1928. ¶ Na i roto i Georgia, i te kainga o Digital. He whānau e whanau Eduard Shevardnadze i, ko te nui, me te rawa taonga. mahi tona papa i roto i te kaiako kura o te reo Russian me tuhituhinga, me te Edward ki kotahi tekau nga tau MOONLIGHTING rite te kawe mēra.

I roto i te tāmitanga tutu i roto i te tau 1937 i mawhiti papa o Edward hopu i huna i te NKVD. whakaorangia e ia te ora o te mema o te kaimahi o te nga tangata Commissariat, nei i mua i ako. Edward ia whakauru i roto i te kura hauora, te wahi puta ia ki te hōnore. Ko mahi hauora i patu whakahere ia tona mahi tōrangapū, i timata ki te pou kaituhituhi i whakawātea o te Komsomol. Kua whakawhanakehia tere tona mahi, a i te 25 tau, ka e ia te hēkeretari tuatahi o te City Komiti Komsomol Kutaisi.

I roto i te heke mai, ka tango i te reira i muri i te tauhohe o te tamarikitanga Hōriana ki te pūrongo o Khrushchev i te XX Congress o te Pāti. Kua kauwhau Tbilisi activists te kaupapa o pukuriri debunking o tuakiri fifi o Stalin. Ka rite ki te hua, i whakaurua te pa, me nga hoia whakamahia kaha, i patua 21 iwi. noho Kutaisi i runga i nga hiti i te arepurepuraa. E kore e taea ki te mea rite pehea kua kairau a tenei te tūranga o Eduard Shevardnadze, engari i whakatairangatia ana ia. He tau i muri mai i haere kē ia Komsomol puta noa te Republic o Georgia.

tautooraa Anti-pirau

Mai i te tari o te Hekeretari Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich i whakawhitia e ia i roto i 1968 ki te pou o Minita o Taiwhenua o te Republic. I runga i te ringa kotahi, ko te hua, engari motuhake tenei. vai te reira i roto i te taputapu whakahaere o te mana Soviet o nga ture-ore-hia, rite ki nei tūranga mahi o te whānui i roto i te pirihimana, ko te wā whakamutunga o te mahi, no te mea kua kore i iritihia hoki i roto i te kaupapa here. Ko te kupu, tenei wahi ko te mutunga mate i roto i ngā o te whanaketanga mahi. Ko Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich, nei biography he ki tonu i te koropiko ngā me hohoko, kua whakahaere ki te tiki i roto o tenei āhuatanga.

Ko te take i nui rawa te kino i te rohe Soviet Caucasus, a tu ana i tenei wāhi i roto i te papamuri o te mea katoa atu, he hoki tawhiti i pai, Union. pakanga Anti-pirau whakarewahia e te Kremlin, i roto i te hiahia o te iwi whakawhirinaki, e kore poke tona ingoa. Ko te Shevardnadze he ingoa tika taua ka i, rite i korerotia ai ki a Brezhnev. Ka rite ki te hua, ka tonoa e ia mo whakangungu ki te tūranga o te hēkeretari tuatahi o te Komiti City Tbilisi. He tau i muri mai, i roto i 1972, arahina e te Republic. Heoi, tau e wha anake i muri, ka e ia te mema o te Komiti Central o te CPSU, i hoatu ki a ia i runga i te ohipa. Ko te hua o te tuatahi rima-Tau Mahere o anticorruption Shevardnadze ko te pananga o e pā ana ki e wha tekau mano nga iwi. Mau i raro i te ture i roto i tenei take ko 75% - e pā ana ki toru tekau mano.

Methods o tohe utu, whakamahia nei te Eduard Shevardnadze, tiaki tona haurongo whakawhetai ki te hāngai whānui kua i ratou i roto i te hapori. Hei tauira, i tetahi o nga hui o te Komiti Central Georgian, ka ui ia ki whakaatu i nga rangatira huihui te wristwatch. Ka rite ki te hua, me te haunga o te tata i whakaritea ki te pou o te hekeretari tuatahi ki tona haehaa "kororia" i whaimana me te utu katoa "Seiko". I te tahi atu taime, rāhuitia e ia te mahi o te taxi, engari tonu puta te huarahi tonu o ngā waka ki te āhuatanga āhuatanga. He utu te tuhituhi reira, no te mea i roto i te rerekē ki te amo tūmataiti wa whakarōpūtia rite moni ahu, me te whakataua.

Heoi, ki te tino ke too atu o nga utu whakapati i rahua te wae mana reo. I roto i te arotake o tenei wā i reira ko te hunga e karanga ki a ia nga mahi katoa o te paruru, rite ki te hua o nei i tangohia etahi tahae te wahi o etahi atu ano hoki.

ngäwari tōrangapū

Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich ngā rongonui i roto i te taupori o te käwanatanga riro i roto i te 1978, me te take mo taua ko he pakanga tōrangapū i runga i te reo mōhiohio. i penei taua i toru anake whenua i roto i te Soviet Union reo kāwanatanga mōhiohio o ratou reo motu te āhuatanga. ko Georgia i roto ia ratou. I roto i te tahi atu rohe katoa o te Soviet Union, te ariā o te reo kāwanatanga kihai i rai atu i roto i te Ture. I roto i te whakatamarikitanga o te putanga hou o te Ture faaoti matou ki te tango i tenei āhuatanga, ka atu ki mahi whānui katoa o te Republic. Heoi, kihai i te tono i ki te reka o te tangata rohe, a huihuia ana e ratou i roto i mua o te whare kāwanatanga ki te mautohe rangimarie. ka tonu Eduard Shevardnadze roto i te pa ki a Moscow me Brezhnev fakatāutaha whakaaro e ki tenei whakatau kia hiki. e kore ia i haere ki runga ki te ara, waia ki nga mana Soviet, mo te whakaaro ki o te Pāti. Engari, ka haere te rangatira o te käwanatanga ki te iwi, ka mea reo: ". Ka hei katoa rite e hiahia ana koe" Reira toutou whakaarahia ona whakatauranga a tapiritia taimaha i roto i te kanohi o tangata.

I te wa ano, Heoi, i korero ai ia i te aroaro o te whawhai whakamutunga ki hoariri wä. Hei tauira, e ai ta ia e wheua cleans piggery capitalist. korero Tino whakapati Eduard Shevardnadze o ngā kaupapa here a Moscow me fakafo'ituitui e pā ana ki hoa Brezhnev. Tona whakapati haere ki tua atu rohe e mana'ohia katoa ara i raro i te tikanga Soviet. korero pai Shevardnadze e pā ana ki te whakataki o ngā waeine hōia Soviet ki Afghanistan, tohe e ko te reira "te anake tika" nekehanga. Kua arahina tenei a nui atu ki te meka e maha whakawakia ia te rangatira pato'iraa Hōriana o tinihanga me te teka. I roto i te meka, noho tika taua enei kerēme i tenei ra, kua i muri i tukua e Eduarda Amvrosievicha mate. Shevardnadze i roto i tona oranga karo whakahoki ratou, whakamārama e ia mahara kihai i tiaraa manakohia ki te Kremlin, engari tamata ki te hanga tikanga i roto i te tikanga ki te mahi pai ake te ngākau nuitanga o te iwi.

He pārekareka ki te mōhio i tēnei meka, rite te huru tino ki Stalin me Stalin o tikanga, i i fakamafola i roto i tona kaupapa o Eduard Shevardnadze. 1984, hei tauira - tenei tau te tuatahitia o te kiriata "Fakatomalá" e Tengiz Abuladze. Tenei kiriata whakaputaina i roto i te hapori te kōwarotanga nui, no te mea kua whai wāhi ai ki te whakatau he koi o Stalinism. Na puta tenei pikitia e tika ana ki te mau tautooraa whaiaro o Shevardnadze.

kaiāwhina Gorbachev

Friendship i waenganui Shevardnadze me Gorbachev timata ka ko ia ia te whakamutunga Hekeretari Tuatahi o te Komiti rohe Stavropol o te rōpū. E ai ki nga pukapuka o e rua, korero ratou tino nuitia, a i roto i tetahi o enei kōrero, ka mea Shevardnadze e "he pirau katoa, me te huri i nga mea katoa." Iti iho i te toru marama i muri mai, Gorbachev arahina te Soviet Union, a tonu karangatia ahau ki Eduarda Amvrosievicha ki te tono ki a ia ki te tango i te pou o Minita o Aorere. whakaae te whakamutunga, a na, hei utu o Shevardnadze mua - ka puta Shevardnadze rangatira o Georgia - Minita o Foreign Affairs o te USSR. hanga tenei wāhui he Nahe i roto i Russia kore anake, engari te ao ano hoki. Tuatahi, e kore i Eduard Amvrosievich riro i tetahi reo ke. A tuarua, e kore e riro te reira i tetahi wheako ke. Heoi, hoki nga take o Gorbachev, he pai ia, no te mea hāngai reira ki nga whakaritenga o "whakaaro hou" i roto i te mara o te tōrangapū, me te hautoa. Ka rite ki te takawaenga, puritia ia he kore-tuku iho mo te kaupapa here Soviet: e hangareka mau tonu huru māhorahora rawaka, tukua ia etahi wāteatea.

Heoi, miscalculated ia ki tona kapa ake, whakaritea ki te waiho i te tokotoko katoa o te Tāhuhu i tona wahi. mahue Shevardnadze whakatikatika kaimahi, ai wahia te rōpū tawhito kia rua nga wahi. Ko tētahi o ratou tautoko te rangatira hou ka whakamoemititia tona kāhua, ritenga, mahara me huru maitatai ngaio. Etahi, Heoi, tu i roto i te pato'iraa, a huaina mea katoa e hanga te minita ke hou, wairangi, a ka ia ia - Kutaisi Komsomol.

kinongia ana Shevardnadze hōia rawa. Minita o Foreign Affairs, ki to ratou riri kitea, tohe e te ati rahi ki te iwi Soviet ko rawakore o te taupori me te painga i hangarau o nga āhua tāwhai, nui atu i missiles Amerika, me te waka rererangi. Military ki te pā ana taua ki ano e kore e whakamahia. Ngā wā katoa whiwhi katoa e hiahiatia ana e ratou, ka, haere mai Brezhnev me Andropov tikanga rangatira i te Tāhuhu o Paruru ki te riri hāngai ki Shevardnadze nuitia whakahē me te faaino tona pakeke i ngā. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa Aorere Mikhail Moiseev, tino o ngā kaimahi, ka mea te United States, e, i roto i te rerekē ki te "rereke" diplomats Soviet, he noa ratou.

A, no te haere atu hōia Soviet i Eastern Europe, kua nui haere te mauahara o te matenga Tāhuhu o Foreign Affairs, no te mea atawhai ia i te mahi i roto i Germany Czechoslovakia ranei mo te tokomaha i whāinga. I roto i te mutunga, ka ui te hui o nga upoko o te Defence Tāhuhu e hoatu te kāwanatanga Gorbachev i te tamataraa. I muri, kua tohe maha tohunga e i te take mo te kaupapa here pakeke o te Kremlin i te Caucasus i roto i te 1990 i te ähuareka ai whaiaro mō te Shevardnadze hōia Russian. I tua atu, e rave rahi piri o te pūnaha Soviet o uara he tūranga tino riri Eduarda Amvrosievicha o roto e pā ana ki te Te Hau-ā-uru, e kore nei e tapaea ki te kite ratou rite hoariri me whakataetae, me hoa. Ahakoa Gorbachev, i raro i te pēhanga i ta'efiemālie 'tino whakaaro e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te huri i te minita.

Ngangare ki Gorbachev

huringa tuwhena o Gorbachev kua ruarua riro e te nomenklatura Soviet. democratization Active o te hapori me te whakarerekētanga ohaoha, me te te kaupapa here o te glasnost i tutaki e ātete e mura. whakahengia Ultra-Kominiusi Shevardnadze i tata nga mea katoa e tupu i roto i te puni o te rawakore. Ko te hawhe tuarua o te 80s tohua he kapiti, i puta i roto i nga whanaunga i waenganui i rangatira Soviet Gorbachev ko Minita Foreign. Ko te hua o tenei ko te rīhainatanga noa o te matenga o te Tāhuhu o Aorere i te 1990. Na tona demarche Eduard Amvrosievich ki tetahi e kore ruruku. Ka rite ki te hua, mau diplomats i huri noa i te ao ki runga ki te aitua, rite Gorbachev ia, nei i ki te whakapāha, ka whakakahore ngatahi mo nga mahi o tona hoa tākaro o mua nei ko Eduard Shevardnadze. Tona koioranga, Heoi, ngā te whakamātau tuarua ki te tango i te wahi o te matenga o te Foreign Tāhuhu.

Hoki ki te pou o te minita ke

Kei te mohiotia te reira e kore i te mea ohie no te Shevardnadze te whakatau ki te hoki ki te pou o te matenga o te Tāhuhu o Foreign Affairs. Ki te mahi i te reira, ka korero Gorbachev ki a ia i muri tonu i te tahuritanga. Heoi, ko te tauhohenga tuatahi whakakāhoretanga Edward. Heoi, ka riro te tiango o te Soviet Union he riri rawa tūturu, kua whakaae ia ki te tuku moni i tona āwhina. A, no te i roto i August 1991 patua te Whare White, ko Shevardnadze roto ona kaiwawao. Tona aroaro i reira i te tino painga ki a Gorbachev rite mea ki te ao katoa - me te nomenklatura Soviet, me te Te Hau-ā-uru - e hoki katoa ki o ratou torona, me nga mau hopearaa o te tukipoto memenge. whakapono tokomaha iwi e kore Shevardnadze te hiahia i roto i te USSR, engari Georgia anake. Shevardnadze, whakapae hiahia me kaha rapu te parariraa o te Union, ki te hanga motuhake o te käwanatanga i te kāwanatanga o te Kremlin. Heoi, ehara i te mea - he reira ki runga ki tamata te whakamutunga ki te ārai i te parariraa o te USSR ka piri ki tenei kaha. Hei tauira, hoatu ake ngā haerenga ki waho, pau ahau wa i roto i te haerenga ki te whakapaipai o te Republic. kitenga ia e te Ariki, Russia, ahu e Boris Yeltsin, e kore e waiho te kāinga, a reira kihai i whakaherea e ia tetahi tari mo reira. Otiia kihai i momoho ana tautooraa. Tairanga, tona whakamātau tuarua ki te noho i te wahi mua roa e toru anake wiki.

Ko te kaiārahi o te ariki Georgia

Ko te tiango o te Soviet Union mo te minita mua o 63 tau te auraa te 'amanaki o te ora rangimarie me te māhorahora hea i roto i te ao. Engari, ko reira te mana'o tauturu o te kaimahi kāwanatanga Hōriana faaoti ki te arahi i te kingi Georgia. ¶ Na i roto i te 1992, i muri i te hurihanga o Zviad Gamsakhurdia. maha whakaritea ana to'utangata ho'iraa ki te wāhanga karanga Vikings ki Russia. Ko te hiahia ki te kawe take ā-a te käwanatanga i roto i te tikanga ki te tākaro i roto i tona whakatau i te wāhi nui. Ko ki te faatupu i tenei mahi, i taka e ia: e kore e kua te hapori Hōriana kua whakatōpū i ki tonu i. Tona ingoa ao kihai i awhina ia, engari i runga hoatu ātete kaha katoa ake kau taki taihara patu. I muri i te mahi o te pou o te matenga o Georgia, a Shevardnadze ki te mahi ki te pakanga i roto i Abkhazia ko South Ossetia, i i whakapataritari e tona mua. I raro i te mana o te hōia, me te whakaaro tūmatanui, whakaae ia i roto i 1992 ki te te whakauru ngā hōia ki ēnei wāhanga.

peresideniraa

rua riro Shevardnadze te pōtitanga peresideniraa - i roto i te 1995 me te 2000. i kitea e ratou e te taha whanui, engari kihai ia i riro i te hero motu e mōhiotia. Kei te maha whakahē ia mo tona tapepe ohaoha, ngoikore i roto i te pā ana ki Abkhazia ko South Ossetia, me te te pirau o te taputapu kāwanatanga. Rua hanga e ia he nganatanga. Hoki te wa tuatahi, i roto i 1995, i werohia ia e te pahūtanga poma. E toru nga tau i muri mai, tamata ano ia ki te whakamatea. Ko tenei wa, ka haere mai motorcade a te peresideni i raro i te ahi i te pū mīhini me launchers pohu. I ora te upoko o te kāwanatanga anake i te motokā Armoured. Mō te tetahi e tukua te kōhurutanga, he mohiotia. I roto i te take tuatahi tū te parenga matua ko Ikoa Giorgadze, upoko o mua o te ratonga i te haumarutanga Hōriana. Ia ia, Heoi, ratou whai wāhi i roto i te nganatanga whakakahore piringa i roto i Russia. Otiia i runga i te wāhanga tuarua i roto i te wa rerekē hoatu e matou mua i te putanga i i whakaritea ai e te kawe Chechen, kaiwhanga rohe, kaitōrangapū pato'iraa, me te ara te Russian GRU.

rīhainatanga

I roto i te Noema 2003 na'e fanongonongo ai e te wikitoria o kaitautoko o Shevardnadze rite te hua o te pōtitanga pāremata. Heoi, ua faaite kaitōrangapū pato'iraa te falsification o ngā hua pōti atu i amuamu papatipu whakapataritari. I roto i te aamu o tenei hui he mea whaowhao rawa rite te Rose Revolution. Ka rite ki te hua o enei ngā, whakaae ahau te rīhainatanga o Shevardnadze. whakaritea te kāwanatanga hou a ia ki te mutu, ka haere ia ki te ora i roto i tona ora i roto i tona noho i roto i te Tbilisi.

Eduard Shevardnadze: take o te mate

mutu ia tona mahi Eduard Amvrosievich Hōngongoi 7, 2014. mate ia i runga i 87 th tau o te ora rite ki te hua o te mate nui, me te roa. Tomb Shevardnadze photo kei nei i runga ake, kei roto i te rohe park o tona noho i roto i Krtsanisi hauwhā kāwanatanga, te wahi i nga tau torutoru ki muri i ora ia. He hoki te urupa, me tana wahine.