Expressionism waitara

puta Abstract Expressionism i New York i te 1940-1950-doma, me te hohoro ka tetahi o te kaupapa tino kaha, me te whai mana i roto i te hītori o te toi hou. Building i runga i nga whakatutukitanga o te Pākehā Five and Seven toi, kua whakawhanakehia te rōpū o toi mohiotia rite "expressionists waitara" (ranei "School New York"), he oti'a hou e ko e rua ohie, me te matatini.

I roto i te toi nei no ki te kaupapa, Willem de Kooning, Dzhekson Pollak, Barnett Newman, Clifford Tonu, Frants Klayn, Lee Krasner, Robert Motherwell, William Baziotis, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, Richard Pousette-Dart. Ahakoa ko etahi o nga whika matua o Abstract Expressionism manene, tae atu Mark Rothko, Gans Gofman, Arshile Gorky, ko reira te kaupapa tino American tuatahi i roto i te toi. ka New York te whakapaipai hou o te auaha toi mō ngā tau ki te haere mai, "tango atu" i te koroka Paris Modern Art o rangatira. I roto i te New York, i hanga e ia he reo ataata, e te rawa hohoro tae nga koki tino mamao o te ao.

Ko te ingoa "expressionism waitara" whiwhi i te huinga o te kaha aronganui Expressionist Tiamana āhuatanga ki "antiobraznymi" ariā Pākehā kura waitara (futurism syncretic Cubist).

I tua atu, kei te whakaahuatia reira hei anarchic, tino motuhake, ara ki etahi tikanga o te kaupapa nihilism. I roto i te mahi, pā te wā ki tetahi maha o toi mahi i roto i New York i roto i ngā momo tino rerekē, tetahi o nei, kore i roto i kore ara e taea e whakaahuatia rite te expressionism puāwaitanga waitara ranei.

Paintings o enei kaitoi ki te waihanga piki kahore ki te mahi ki te tairururaa whänui ana te whakaaetia i roto i te toi me te thematically mahi nui-tauine kua. Ko reira he whakaata o ratou ta'oto takitahi, na tamata ratou ki te kitea te puna ā-ao. Māhorahora me te hangatanga i te āhuatanga tino nui i roto i te tukanga auaha. Ahakoa nga mahi o expressionists waitara "he whakakeke" tetahi whakarōpūtanga stylistic, e taea te whakarōpū ratou a tawhio noa e rua manakohanga matua: arotahi ki runga i te tohu hihiri me te hihiri; whakaaroaro, arotahi whakarongo i runga i nga wāhi tuwhera o te tae. I roto i tetahi take, te whakapakoko, te tuatahi o te katoa, he oti'a. Ahakoa ka te whakapakoko i runga i te mooni ataata, waitara expressionist meinga tikanga, "ngaro i roto i te whakaaro".

Abstract Expressionism whakawhanakehia i roto i te horopaki o te momo o inaki ia i ētahi atu puna. kua hanga he tokomaha toi ratou takahanga tuatahi i roto i te tīmatanga o te 1930. Ko te Topatariraa Rahi whakaongaongatia te putanga o e rua nekehanga toi: Ridzhionalizm ko Sotsiorealizm. Otiia kihai i tetahi o ratou makona ki enei toi i roto i to ratou rapu mō ihirangi toi ki te uara kaha, kōrero te whakaaro o te kawenga pāpori, engari i te wa taua noa i te provincialism me overtones tōrangapū anake. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga faingata'a maha o te kaupapa, takoto i roto i te hoho'a peni taipe o te 1930 nei pakiaka. Tata i "patua" nga Expressionists katoa Abstract i te wheako o te Topatariraa Rahi, pakari ratou toi i raro i te mana Ridzhionalizma me Sotsiorealizma. He mea whakapaipai hoki te ara mo te tino matatau pānga toi American, me te whakawhenumi o te ao hōu Pākehā. I roto i aua tau i roto i te New York, whakaritea maha whakaaturanga o te Pākehā Five and Seven toi, i roto i te tua, i reira i te whakangungu akoranga Modernism. ka te kaiako tino whai mana o te toi o ēnei rā i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite te Gans Gofman, e oho i Tiamana ki te United States tūturu i roto i te 1932.

He matua ki he mahara ki nga raruraru o te auahatanga expressionists waitara te raruraru o te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi, me ona mau hopearaa. Young toi, āwangawanga e pā ana ki te taha ki pouri o te tangata, manukanuka kite whanonga huakore me te whakaraeraetanga o te iwi whakaaro reira ratou hopoi'a ki faaite enei raruraru i roto i te toi, engari i roto i te tona ihirangi hou.

hoapā Direct ki toi Pākehā kua nui haere i roto i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua, tokomaha i arahina, tae atu Salvador Dali, Maksa Ernsta, André Masson, André Breton, Piet Mondrian, Fernand Léger, rapu rerenga i roto i te United States. Surrealists, me to ratou aro i runga i te tāutu o "ta'oto", whakatuwheratia ake taea hou. He tikanga surrealistic ki te tuku o "matau" - automatism Piripīni, i roto i nei riro i te tohu aunoa me te hangatanga haere noa o te mahi.

I te tīmatanga, i te Expressionists Abstract i roto i rapu o kaupapa mure ore, me te tahuri whakaari mō te faaururaa ki nga korero tito noa, me te toi tawhito. Mark Rothko, Dzhekson Pollak, Robert Motherwell, Adolf Gotlib, Barnett Newman, he whakaaro William Baziotis o ratou tikanga o faaiteraa rapu faaururaa i roto i te ahurea tahito tahito ranei. mahi wawe i kaitoi whakaatu whakaahua, me te e tahuri huānga biomorphic ki waehere takitahi. ko tūmomo me hinengaro Jung, me ona ta o te "ngā mauri." ko faaiteraa Direct o faufaa rahi, a kei te pai tutuki reira, kahore whakaaro (whakamahere).

I te wā o te expressionism waitara pakeke, i roto i 1947, i hanga Dzhekson Pollok he tikanga ahurei - puputu tafé ranei (he kānawehi nui, whakatakotoria iho ki runga ki te patunga witi, tauhiuhia e ia peita ki te paraihe).

whakawhanakehia hoki Willem de Kooning tona ake kāhua gestural technique - riri, pasty "whiu-whiu" i roto i te hanga o pera-ka karanga "oti'a whakarite."

Lee Krasner, ko Frants Klayn i rite pukumahi ki te whakahaere o te tohu hihiri o te toi, i roto i nei ki tonu wahi ia o te pikitia i (huaina Lee Krasner kāhua "kōkōwai" peita).

Hoki te mahi o te uara expressionists waitara takoto i roto i te humarie ana o whakapuaki. Painting Ko te whakatuwheratanga o te tuakiri pono o te toi. He tohu ranei te "waitohu" o te kaitoi - taunakitanga o te tukanga hanga.

Te tahi atu ara i roto i te tau o te expressionism waitara pakeke i roto i te rapu o te taea ngangahau o te tae. Mark Rothko, hanga Barnett Newman te toi hōputu nui rererangi tae - "te faaiteraa ohie o whakaaro matatini," kia rite ki Mark Rothko.

Pirau moni i roto i te expressionism waitara whakaata te fakatapui ki ona ngā ki te taunekeneke ki matua ngā hinengaro o tona wa, tae atu existentialism me te hinengaro Jungian (ko reira mahara utu, i nei kua he mana nui i runga i expressionism i hoahoanga i roto i tona kōhungahunga). Ahakoa i existentialism te mana i runga i nga Expressionists Abstract, engari whai wāhi ia ki te kōrero o te manukanuka, me te tomo tuku kōrero whānui.

He tokomaha hoki fakaangá me hītori toi kanohi angitu expressionists waitara te päoka o te kaupapa Onaianei, timata tata te rau tau mua.

tonu expressionism waitara ki te noho i te wahi nui i roto i te pukapuka hītori o ngā kohinga toi me te whare taonga e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te mahara tūmatanui. Taua te tono roa reira, kahore he feaa, ko te kawenata ki te paetae hohonu.