Frederic Joliot-Curie: he haurongo me whakatutukitanga

Frederic Joliot-Curie - he pai-mohiotia ngā pāpori me te ahupūngao Wīwī. Ko ia tetahi o nga kau taki me kaiwhakatū o nga Conferences Pugwash runga Pūtaiao ko Ao Affairs, me te kaupapa te rongo. Fakataha ki tana wahine, riro Irene he Nobel i Matū. Ka tapae tēnei tuhinga tona haurongo poto.

Childhood me te mātauranga

whanau Jean Frederik Zholio i roto i Paris i te 1900. Henri papa o te tamaiti tino pai rave i roto i te tauhokohoko, ka haere mai toku whaea Emilia i te utuafare Porotetani. ko Frederick te whakaotinga i roto i te utuafare o Joliot, taua e ono tamariki.

I roto i te 1910, ka tonoa te tamaiti ki te ako i roto i te kura Lakanal. E whitu nga tau i muri mai, ka hoki Jean ki Paris ka faaoti ki horo'ai to ratou oraraa ki pūtaiao. I roto i te 1920, ka tomo te tangata taitama nga kura Runga o Applied Matū me Physics. I te tau 1923 puta Joliot i reira ki te hua pai i roto i te rōpū.

Ratonga me te mahi

riro Frederick he tohu i roto i te engineering. I roto i ona akoranga, riro ia ngā pūkenga pai i roto i te tono mahi o te ahupūngao me te matū. te nuinga o te katoa Ko, i hiahia i roto i te rangahau taketake Jean. Ko te take hoki i ko te mana o Paora Langevin (ahupūngao French). I reira ki a ia kōrero Frederick ana mahere mo te heke mai, i muri i te whawhai ka hoki ia whare. tohutohu Paora Joliot whiwhi he kaiāwhina i te mua Institute ki Marii Kyuri. I roto i te 1925, ka timata Frederick mahi preparator i roto i tenei institution. I roto i tona wa e manawapa, haere te tangata taitama i runga i ki ako ahupūngao me te matū.

ora whaiaro

ka mohio te Institute Joliot ki te tamahine a ko Meri te ingoa Irene. He tau i muri mai, ua faaipoipo te iwi taitamariki. I muri ka mau e Frederick he ingoa rua-tupara - Joliot-Curie. Tau aru take. Aita i maoro i rua tamariki te tokorua - he tama, me te tamahine (ka pūtaiao i roto i te heke mai e rua).

rangahau

I muri i te marena, kua tonu te hero o tenei tuhinga ki te mahi i te mua Institute. I te tau 1930 riro ia tona taitara tākutatanga mo te wāhanga rangahau o te polonium iraruke. Ko, ahakoa te tohu, tata kore tetahi i roto i te hapori pūtaiao e kore e matau me pehea ki te ingoa Joliot-Curie. E ko, i mohiotia iti ia.

tamata Frederick ki te kitea he tūranga mātauranga, engari i momoho ana nganatanga. I whakaaro kē te pūtaiao e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te tiki i te mahi kēmihi mō production ahumahi. Joliot-Curie i āwhina Zhan Perren. Ngā mihi ki te hoa riro Frederick he karahipi kāwanatanga me i taea ki te noho i te'inisititiutí. I roto i te 1930, whakakitea te ahupūngao Tiamana Walter ngatahi e ka pepe nei karihi haumāmā (i hanga e te pirau o te polonium) boron me teriuma, emit tiketike te whakamutunga hohonu radiation.

Kua whakaaetia te wātea o te mātauranga engineering Joliot-Curie hanga pūoko tairongo ki hanga-i roto i te tōtā te ruma. tuhia tenei pūrere hohonu radiation. tangohia te tauira tuatahi i polonium. I roto i te 1931, ka timata Frederick me tana wahine ki te ako. I roto i te whakamātautau, i kitea e ratou e ki te boron i waenganui i te irradiated (me teriuma) me te pūoko ko te paraharaha o matū hauwai-kei roto, rererua te taumata tuatahi o te radiation te.

Ko te kitea o ngā āhuatanga hou

faataa ngā atu te āhua o te radiation atu. tahuri te reira i roto i e te hanga e te reira ake o ngota hauwai e ka fehangahangai ki radiation hei tere tika tiketike, ahakoa kahore e kore Frederick ranei Irene mahino tino te mauri o te tukanga. Heoi, te whakawhetai ki nga hua o to ratou rangahau Dzheyms Chedvik kitea i roto i 1932 te matūriki iramoe, i te mea he wāhanga o te karihi ngota. I te wa ano te ahupūngao American tuhituhi Carl D. Anderson e pā ana ki positrons hei byproducts i roto i te whawhai i korakora ārepa o konumohe boron ranei.

Irene me Frederic mahi ratou rangahau, me te hoatu i tētahi whakamātau hou. E hoatu ana te tauira ruma te tōtā te konumohe, me te boron, a katia ona whakatuwheratanga ki te konumohe takai konumohe. Na ka anga te tokorua radiation ārepa radiation. Ko te positrons mau riro tohaina, engari i muri i anake e rave rahi meneti tonu pūtake polonium whakakore ratou paheke.

Ko te kupu, ka kitea e Frederick ko Irene e te tahi mau tauira irradiated he i puta ke boron me te konumohe ki huānga matū hou. I tua atu, hei ratou iraruke. Kei te tahuri pūtiwha kanoirite ki te hauota, me te konumohe - ūkuikui.

Ko te Nobel

I roto i te 1935, i whakawhiwhia Irene me Frederic te Nobel mo te kōtuitui o ngā huānga iratuki hou. Ko te kupu i tuhituhia ake te ingoa Joliot-Curie i te hītori o te matū. I roto i tona pūtaiao kupu Nobel tuhia ia e kia kia whakamahia horihori āhuatanga ira rite tracers. Tenei nui Simplifies te raruraru o te kimi me te tango i te ngā wāhanga i te hunga i roto i te rauropi ora.

mahi anō

I roto i te 1937, ki te mahi i te mua Institute tonu ahupūngao Joliot-Curie. Ano, i whakaritea e ia Ahorangi i te Collège de France, Paris. Here whakatuwheratia te kaipūtaiao, he pokapū rangahau o te matū karihi me te ahupūngao. Na ano whakaturia ake Frederick he taiwhanga, i reira e taea te mahi tata tahi tohunga o pūkete rerekē ki te whakatutuki i te hua pai. Haunga hanga ahupūngao whakahaeretia cyclotron tuatahi i roto i France, i reira te puna o korakora ārepa e huānga iraruke whakaritea.

whawhai

I roto i 1939, te kēmihi Tiamana Otto Hahn hanga he kitea. ka mea ia i te hapori pūtaiao e pā ana ki te taea o te wehenga o ngota konukarihi. I muri i tenei, ka whakakitea e Joliot-Curie e ko te reira taikaha. Ahupūngao ite i te nui rahi o te pūngao tukua i roto i te wehenga o te ngota. Hei whakamahi i te reira, hokona Frederick i Norway tata te supply wātea katoa o te wai taimaha. Ko pūtaiao rangahau haukotia e te pakarutanga i te wa o te Pakanga II o te Ao. noho France te ope Tiamana. Ihupuku nui, aua waka ki Joliot-Curie te wai taimaha katoa ki Ingarangi, te wahi e whakamahia pūtaiao reira i roto i te whanaketanga o patu ngota.

kaupapa here

I roto i te mahi o Frederick noho i roto i Paris. Ahakoa te meka e ko te pūtaiao i roto i te French pāpori Party, a i whakaaro anti-Fascist, kua puritia reira ratou tūranga i te Collège de France, me te Institute o mua. Hoki ko Joliot-Curie te mema o te kaupapa resistance, a ko i te matenga o te "Front National" (te whakahaere raro). Na ka whakamahia tana taiwhanga Frederick mo te hanga o te taputapu irirangi me explosives, i tukua nei ki te whawhai o te Ātete. I roto i te waenganui o te whawhai, i aru te pūtaiao te tauira o tona kaiwhakaako, Langevin ka piri te Pāti Communist.

I muri i te whakaoranga o te whakapaipai French o te hero o tenei tuhinga i whakaritea ki te pou o Kaiwhakahaere o te National Center Research. a Frederick ki whakahauora pūmanawa pūtaiao te whenua o. I te mutunga o 1945 i hanga te pūtaiao he tono ki te peresideni Charles de Gaulle. Joliot-Curie i France hiahia ki te hanga i tētahi Atomic Energy Komihana. E toru nga tau i muri mai, ahupūngao ahu whakarewa pūrere karihi tuatahi te whenua o. Tenei ka tino whakanuia e tona ingoa rite te kaipūtaiao me te kaiwhakahaere. Otiia, kua meinga mema o Frederick i te Party Communist te rota o te whakaahunga. I roto i te 1950, i tukua e ia i te pou o te kaiwhakahaere o te Commissariat.

mate

Ko te tau whakamutunga o te ora o Frederic Joliot-Curie, nei haurongo kua aroaro i runga, whakatapua ki te whakaako me te rangahau. Ia arahina hoki te Kaunihera Ao, a whakahaere mahi tōrangapū. I roto i te 1956, ka mate a Irene. Ko te mate o tana wahine ko hoki Frederick pupuhi taimaha. Otiia i ia ki te wahia tahi ahau ka ahu te Institute o mua. mātaki hoki Joliot-Curie te hanga o te whare wānanga hou i roto i Orsee ka whakaako i te Sorbonne. Maoro, Heoi, kua rahua, ngoikore e kawe-whakamua o te kakā o mua, me te ahotea tona tinana. I roto i August 1958, kua mate te pūtaiao i roto i Paris.

Ngā ngākau nuitanga me tohu

Hoa tohu Frederick rite te manawanui, atawhai, me te tangata tairongo. pai ia ki te pānui i, ki te peita whenua me ki te tākaro i te piana. I roto i te tau 1940 Joliot-Curie, riro ia he mētara Barnard koura o University Columbia mō whakatutukitanga pūtaiao tino. A i roto i te USSR Frederick whakawhiwhia te Stalin paraihe, hoatu i roto i ia tau "mo te rongo i waenganui i nga iwi."