Futurists - ko wai te mea tenei? Futurists Russian. Silver Age Futurist

Futurism (i he kaha'ú Latin, te tikanga "heke mai") - te Five and Seven kaupapa i roto i te toi i roto i Europe 1910-1920, te nuinga i roto i Russia me Itari .. rapua te reira ki te hanga i te pera-ka karanga "toi o te heke mai", ei mau ti'a o tenei whakaaturia i roto i te whakakitea.

I roto i te mahi o FT Marinetti, rohi pehe Italian, Russian Cubo-Futurists o te hapori "Gilei", me te kaiuru o te "whiti raua pakihi", "huru-Futurists Association", "Āmio" whakakahore ahurea tuku iho rite te ai'a o "te mua", whakawhanakehia e te rerehua o te ahumahi mīhini me te Urbanism .

āhuatanga āhuatanga

Hoki te peita tenei wāhi āhuatanga e nodules puka, huri, aua maha o taumu'a rerekē, rite te aofangatuku o te wheako nohopuku-nekehanga hua. I roto i Italy, nga Futurists -. Tenei John Severini, U. Boccioni. I roto i te tuhinga, i reira te mea he ranunga o te pakiwaitara, me te pakipūmeka rauemi, i roto i te rotarota - tamataraa ki te reo ( "tito noa" ranei "kupu i roto i te haere noa"). Russian pehe Futurist - ko V. V. Mayakovsky, V. V. Hlebnikov, I. raki, A. E. Kruchenyh.

rōpū

puta tenei au i roto i te tau 1910-1912, tahi ki te acmeism. Acmeists, futurists me māngai o te tahi atu opape o te ao hōu i roto i tana mahi, me te uniana i whaiaro-whakahē. Ko te tino nuinga o nga rōpū Futurists, i muri i huaina Cubo-Futurism, uouangataha kaitito ngā o te hiriwa Age. Ko te rongonui tino o tona rohi pehe futurist - ko V. V. Hlebnikov, D. D. Burlyuk, V. Kamensky, Kruchenykh, V. V. Mayakovsky me ētahi atu. Egofuturizm I. Severianin (pehe I. V. Lotarev, tau o te ora - 1887-1941) ko tetahi o nga momo o tenei au. I roto i te rōpū "centrifuge" timata ratou mahi mohiotia kaitito Soviet B. L. Pasternak ko N. N. Aseev.

Freedom o te kupu whiti

Futurists Russian karangatia motuhake o te puka, me te ihirangi, ona revolution, haere noa mutunga o te kupu whiti. Ratou tino paopao nga whakarerenga iho tuhituhi. I roto i te Faaiteraa, ki te cocky rawa i huaina "papaki i roto i te mata o te reka tūmatanui", whakaputaina i roto i te kohinga taua o 1912, whakatenatena māngai o tenei au ki te maka atu i te "kaipuke o te ao hurihuri" mohio mana pērā i Dostoevsky, Pushkin ko Tolstoy. awhina Kruchenykh te matau o te pehe ki te waihanga i ō rātou ake, "ākahukahu" te reo, e kua kore uara ngā. E i roto i te meka ana irava whakakapia e hano, huinga horihori o nga kupu. Ko vv Kamensky (tau o te ora - 1884-1961) me V. Khlebnikov (tau o te ora - 1885-1922) i taea e ki te kawe i tana mahi rawa ngā ngā ki te reo e pānga hua i runga i te whiti motu.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky

Futurist a ko te rohi pehe rongonui Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (1893-1930). whakaputaina ana rotarota tuatahi i roto i te tau 1912. kawea Vladimir Vladimirovich kua ki tenei wāhi ona ake kaupapa, e i te timatanga e tu te reira i roto i roto i te tahi atu mau melo o te hanga. Mayakovsky, pōrahurahu futurist mo te hanganga o te ora hou i roto i te hapori, a kahore anake ki ngā te "paraurehe".

I roto i te takanga mua o 1917 i ko te rohi pehe, he whaiāipo pāhoro, e whakahe ki nga kingitanga "fatty" pera-ka karanga, I kite te tupuhi orurehau haamouraa. Whakakahore i te pūnaha ngā katoa whanaunga capitalist, kauwhautia ana e ia te whakapono tahatai i roto i te tangata i roto i taua whiti rite "te tapahanga Flute", "He Kapua i roto i tarautete", "te tangata", "War me te rangimarie". Kaupapa whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1915 (anake i roto i te puka kua rāpopototia o te aukatinga), te ruri "He Kapua i roto i tarautete" te rohi pehe kua tautuhia ia atu rite 4 te hamama "Down!" Down ki te aroha, toi, kia me te karakia. Ko ia tetahi o nga kaitito Russian tuatahi whakakitea i roto i to ratou mau irava te pono o te hapori hou.

nihilism

I roto i nga tau i mua i te revolution i roto i te rotarota Russian vai tuakiri kanapa, i i uaua ki te huanga ki te ngā kaupapa tuhituhi. Te reira i M. I. Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) me te M. Voloshin (1877-1932). I muri i 1910 i reira ko tetahi hou aronga - futurism, hoariri ano ki te tuhinga katoa, e kore e anake te mua, engari ano hoki i te hakari. haere mai te reira i ki te ao ki te hiahia ki te whakariro ke i mana'o katoa. Ka taea te kite i Nihilism i roto i te hoahoa waho o te kohikohinga kaitito, i whakaputaina nei i te hoki o te pepapātū pepa tākai ranei me rite i roto i o ratou taitara - "Dead Moon", "te waiu o mare" me ētahi atu whiti futurist angamaheni.

"Papaki i roto i te mata o te Taste Public"

I roto i te tuatahi whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1912 whakaputaina te pukapuka "te kauae i te mata o te Taste Public" i ai ta. I haina te reira e pai-mohiotia kaitito-futurists. Ko Anaru Kruchenykh, Rawiri Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky ko Velimir Khlebnikov. I roto i te reira kī ratou ratou e tika motuhake ki te tahi mea, ki te hei lea o tona era. Kaitito whakakahore rite mau fâ a Dostoyevsky, Pushkin, Tolstoy, engari i te wa ano ko Balmont, tona "moepuku kakara," Andreyev ki tona "uku paru", Maxim Gorky, Alexander poraka, Aleksandra Kuprina me ētahi atu.

Whakarerea katoa futurists Faaiteraa whakatakoto ana te "uira" whaiaro-faufaa kupu. Te kore ngana, pērā Vladimira Vladimirovicha Mayakovskogo, ki te turaki i te tikanga pāpori ngā, noa ratou hiahia ki te whakahōu i tona puka. I roto i te putanga Russian o te pepeha "whawhai - anake te akuaku o te ao", whakaaro ko te turanga o te Futurism Italian, i ngoikore, Heoi, kia rite ki Valery Bryusov, tenei Māoritanga ko tonu "tu atu i waenganui o nga rārangi."

Ka rite ki tuhia e Vadim Shershenevich, Silver Age Futurist tuatahi whakaarahia ki te puka taumata tika, hoatu ana e ia he uara o te tumuaki, huānga samotselevogo o te mahi. Ratou hua'tu paopao nga irava e kua oti te tuhituhi tika mo te whakaaro ki o te whakaaro. Na reira, i reira ko tetahi huinga o te mau parau tumu ōkawa whakaaturia.

Ko te reo hou

Velimir Khlebnikov, tetahi theorist o Futurism, ua faaite te "ākahukahu" hou te reo rite te reo o te heke mai te ao. mona i te reira i te auraa o te kupu, hei utu o whiwhi i te 'uhinga tuakiri. Ko te kupu, e matau nga oropuare rite wāhi me te wā (wawata), orokati - tangi, tae, kakara. I roto i te kaha ki te whakawhānui i te rohe o te reo, tuku reira ki te hanga i nga kupu i runga i te pūtake o te pakiaka (pakiaka: urunga ..., whakaaro ... - "tatou Charu a shied atu i").

Aestheticism simvolisticheskoy a rawa whiti Acmeist Futurists ātete tāraro deestetizatsiyu. Hei tauira, te "rotarota - taretare pononga wahine" Rawiri Burliuk. Valeriy Bryusov i te arotake o "Te Tau o te rotarota Russian" (1914) parau, te tuhituhi ta'efaka'apa'apá mohio rotarota futurist, e kore he reira nui ki te kowhete tetahi ki waho to ratou porohita, ki te kitea te tahi mea hou. Ua faaite e ia i roto i taua i enei innovations katoa kaitito tōna tikanga pohewa. whakatau tatou ki a ratou i roto i te rotarota o te rau tau 18, i roto i Virgil ko Pushkin, ka whakaarohia tangi-tae ariā i Teofilem Gote.

te matatini o te hononga

Ko reira ngā e, mo te whakakāhoretanga katoa i roto i te toi, te Futurists Silver Age ite tonu te tonu o fakataipe. Na, Alexander poraka, e arataki i te mahi o Igorya Severyanina ta ki āwangawanga e kore e whai te reira i te kaupapa, me te tuhinga 1915 Valeriy Bryusov tuhia e ki te ngoikore whakaaro me te kore o te matauranga haafaufaa ore tona whiti. blames ia te raki i parau ino e, reka kino, rawa faaino ana whiti e pā ana ki te whawhai.

Ahakoa hoki i roto i te tau 1912 ka mea a Aleksandr poraka e ko wehi o te mea te fakaeonopõní kahore matua ia. Maoro, kua riro te ariā o "futurist" me "houtamaki" faaauhia ki te whakaōrite i te iwi whānui o aua tau. tulitāupau aru Press te "mahi" te kaihanga o te toi hou. No te mea o tenei, ka mohiotia ki te iwi whānui ratou, ngā te rota o te whakarongo. Ko te hītori o tenei au i roto i te Russia ko te hononga matatini i waenganui i nga rōpū matua e whā, ia o nei whakapono ia e faaite ia "pono" futurism, a kaha tautohe ki ētahi atu, wero tūranga taitara. ka mau i tenei whawhai wahi i roto i rerenga faaino tahi, e faarahi ratou wehe me te mauahara. Ko ētahi wā oho te mau melo o ngā rōpū rerekē i tetahi ki tetahi ūngutu ranei.