He aha te mea he hoahoanga rorohiko?

Tangata e faaoti ki te tūhura i te pūrere rorohiko hiko, kia mohio ki te haere mai puta noa te wā "architecture rorohiko". Whakaotia kore e taea te whakaratohia tona whakamāramatanga no te mea he whānui rawa te ariā, me te whakaaro tetahi i te reira i te wāhi o te tirohanga o ngā mahi. Hei tauira, i roto i te take kotahi, ka whakaahua i te aro ngā ki te wāhanga pūmanawa (whakahau, ngā rehita, mahara), me te tahi atu - te pūmārō ngā te wāhanga pūrere me ratou tikanga o te mahi tahi. Mai te mea tino hiahia i roto i te oko, e kore kapa te rangatira rorohiko toharite, ka whakaaro tatou te pātai i tenei taha.

hoahoanga Rorohiko Ko te ara o te whakahaere i te pāhekoheko o te wāhanga e hanga ake te rorohiko. Hei te faaohie i te wahi mahara whakaahua ana te āhuatanga matua o ngā wāhanga matua.

hāngai ana rorohiko hou katoa e i runga i te mau parau tumu tukatuka raraunga, whakaarohia e John von Neumann i 1946. He āhuatanga motuhake ko te tikanga huringa o te raveraa i tetahi tukanga i roto i nei te tauwhakaarotau me raraunga e whakanohoia i roto i te poraka mahara taua. Ratau, tenei whakamārama te hoahoanga rorohiko aha von Neumann (Neumann) whakamahia te i roto i te rorohiko hou katoa. Heoi, i hanga whakamātau ki te neke atu i reira mo te wa roa.

Otiia hoki ki te pūrere e whakatau te titiro o te hoahoanga o te rorohiko whaiaro. Ahakoa maha puna o pūtake rorohiko i huaina mīhini he wae tukatuka matua (PTM), Heoi, i roto i te faatura o ngā pūnaha rorohiko matarohia, he taupatupatu tenei.

Ko te huānga matua e autaki taea tautuhi koe i rorohiko hoahoanga whakamahia te kaupapa. diluted te reira i rārangi kōrero (pahi) i waenganui i ngā wāhanga katoa, e kua hono ki te kaupapa (me tahi e te tahi) i te tikanga o tūhono me tauranga. E kore kaupapa ao, mai hangaia ia o ratou te ki te mahi ki te piha haapiiraa pai-tautuhi o pūtukatuka.

Ko te PTM - tukatuka matua o te rorohiko katoa. Kei te reira i te maramara nui ki pirioni o transistors i hanga i te poraka mahi. tahuri Tetahi rere i runga i te mahi o te hōtaka i waho te kaiwhakamahi te (te tikanga) ki waehere mīhini me mahi i reira i runga i te PTM. Kei te nuinga o whakaritea hoahoanga rorohiko i te momo o te PTM.

pahi atanga, rite kua whakahuatia, te pae tino māngai e rārangi kōrero. I roto i runga ki te aronga tohu tuku o te whakarato pāhekoheko:

• PTM me te RAM kōwae;
• i waenganui i ngā tauranga hono ngā pūrere waho, me te mahara. He ko he tikanga e taea ai ngā wāhanga mahi ki te mahara pūnaha mā te pūmana motuhake, bypassing te wae tukatuka matua;
• i waenganui i nga ngā tauranga o te kaupapa, me te PTM.

RAM Ko ha konga mahu'inga o tetahi pūrere rorohiko, ara he tātaitai ohie. Ko te transistors mahara rorohiko whakatinana i roto i te tītipi soldered ki te taiapa PCB ki te maha o retireti hoapā o parahi. Kei te whakaurua ia Unuhia ki te tūhono kaupapa e tika ana. tautuhi piha PTM he whakatupuranga tautokona kōwae mahara. Hei tauira, ki te hangaia te pūtukatuka Intel Core2Duo te ki te mahi ki te mahara DDR2, te Core muri whai wāhi te whakamahi o te DDR3 anake.

I tua atu i te whakahaere, i reira te mea he faufaa rerekē momo o te mahara. Kei te māngai ia, tuatahi o te katoa, he pūrere kōpae autō (HDD).

I tua atu ki te wāhanga ā-, i reira te mea he maha nui o ngā pūrere waho. Anake whakawhetai ki a ratou he taea ki te whakarato ngā tangata-mīhini. Hei tauira, he aroturuki, he kiore, papapātuhi, mata pa, me te he pūkarapa, pūreretā, me ētahi atu - pūrere waho katoa, kahore nei e te rorohiko i noho te pouaka whakarewa ohie, he mea i roto i iho.

whakarato ana tēnei pepa anake te tirohanga whānui o te hoahoanga rorohiko. Ka taea te kitea ētahi atu pārongo āmiki i runga i te wae i runga i te Ipurangi.