He pea wai. Momo o hātaretare mōkitokito

I roto i te natura, i reira he he hanga ahurei, roaa te īngoa "pea te wai". Little-mohiotia (anake hoki i āu ake me tohunga i runga i te wāhi), iwi mōhio, me te pānga reira ratou ahua, me o ratou te toitü. Ko te ingoa tuatahi mō te te riro mārama ōrite ki monamona te pea Teti ranei. Heoi, kua ia waewae ono, me "mata" tino uaua ki te karanga, engari te kore mārama te haape'ape'ai te. He "wai" te pea no te mea ko reira te occupant o te taiao, me te ora, kahore makuku (i roto i te tikanga totonu o te kupu) e kore e taea e.

History o whakahura

He he take ki te amo i taua pea wai, i ïa tardigrades aua mea, i te kitenga o te kaihanga o Van Levenguk karu rite wawe rite 1702. Heoi, ko te kitea mōhiohio tuatahi o enei oldtimers he 1773, ka whakaahuatia ratou te minita Tiamana Gotse. Mauri ratou ahua, ka hoatu e ia ki a ratou te wasserbär ingoa Kleiner, e whakamāoritanga i German rite te iti (iti) he pea te wai. Kua taipitopito atu mea mōkitokito ako, ka whakaahuatia e te kaikoiora Itari Lazzaro Spallanzani, a tupu i te reira i roto i 1776. Nā ki te nekeneke rawa puhoi o nga kararehe, ko ia ratou il tardigrado, hua i roto i te ingoa pūtaiao e pā ana ka te wā Tardigrada, arā Tardigrada.

pea te wai Hanganga

Ko te mea tuatahi ki te mōhio ka ako Tardigrada - rahi o te kararehe. faaite Momo o te moana i reira e pā ana ki 960, me awhe te uara o to ratou tinana i 0.1 ki mitamano kotahi me te hawhe. Ahakoa nga tauira nui rawa ki te whakaaro, kahore he tino uaua te karu. Tardigrades piha ngā i roto i te hātaretare i steklistoe, te tinana translucent, ngā pakaru ki 4 wāhanga constrictions. Nā ki te aroaro o te anga chitinous me lilingi wā pea wai i ētahi wā whakaritea ki ngārara. Te nuinga o ngā momo e kitea e wha takirua o waewae, engari kotahi o te "toka" iti, he roa o te whakatekau anake o te mirimita, ko he okotahi: ko reira he ono-waewae-Tardigrada. mutu ia waewae ki matikuku i te maha o 4-6 nga wahi. hāngai te rua whakamutunga o waewae te whakamuri.

"Tangata" i te tino rerekē, me te haamana'oraa o te kaikohi puehu i runga i te kaihoroi mārua. rawa Roth te ki etahi ahua o stiletto, e mau te wai te ô i te kai kiri. Enei kararehe i io, kūnatu, ngā pūnaha whakaputa uri me te manavasii, engari kahore circulatory me romahā. Engari o te toto o te kōhao tinana katoa noho te wai motuhake, me tardigrades manawa kiri. E ratou atu whēkau tūturu rite te rua o a konga, me, piro nui, nga kanohi, i he te nuinga wahi pouri i runga i te tinana i roto i te mua, engari e kore e ki runga ki te pae, e taea te huaina te matenga.

He he tae te pea te wai, i runga i nga tikanga taiao rānei. kia waiho Hue i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tae karaka - whero oriwa ranei - pouri matomato.

Tardigrades tane rerekē, engari tane e nui atu te utu atu i nga wahine, take tuhia kia maha o parthenogenesis (uri, kahore te kikiritanga).

E horahia Tardigrades katoa i runga i te ao i te tropics ki te Arctic Circle. Heoi, ki te whiriwhiri ratou, hiahia ratou hawahawa mākū me talingelingá. Tohatoha i roto i te wai mau hāngū: turai tika tangata ki te hau wai ranei te rere, ka whakawhiti ano ki nga manu re me kararehe huruhuru.

Āhuatanga mana

pea te wai he tardigrades, te nuinga o ratou e ora i te utu o talingelingá, pükohu iti me te huakita. He pirinoa E toru ngā momo moana anake i runga i mātaitai, hātaretare nui te wai, me te kukama moana. Mō te hawhe te tatini momo o pea wai - konihi haavare, i roto i te kai e ngā o te moroiti, me roundworms; taua Tardigrada mōrearea noa ratou ake hoa - kai mo tona mahi ia.

mea hanga unkillable

He hiahia i roto i mau tona ivi te wai te nuinga o pūtaiao. E taea ki te whakaora i to ratou ora, me te kaha ki te tupu i roto i te whānuitanga pāmahana whānui ēnei mea - i kore tino (-273 nekehanga) ki te wera fuu i roto i te 150. ora ratou i roto i ngā taiao kino, pērā i roto i te huru hauwai sulfide. Ko hoki hoki ratou radiation ko kore he hauwarea atu ki te ora: i muri i tona irradiation i te horopeta o 570.000 X-ray pea hawhe te wai ora. Hoki tohutoro: whakamate ki te tangata, ko te radiation "anake" 500 X-hihi. Na ora tonu tardigrades taea hoatu (ka hoatu) uri.

pūmautanga wāhi

Te nuinga o te katoa, te hapori pūtaiao paanga i roto i te kaha Tardigrada te tu tikanga wāhi. I roto i te 2008, ka tonoa he rōpū rangahau arahina e ecologist tōnapi Ingmar Jonsson ki te ohuraa Earth puranga whakamātautau o tardigrades. whakanohoia Kotahi rōpū i roto i te korehau, te tuarua wā kotahi irradiated ki radiation, te rua kua waiho i raro ki te kaha maimoatanga hihi katinga marama. Ko te kaupapa i roto i te wāhi tuwhera 10 ra i noho matou, me te tata, kahore okotahi i mea tahu. Heoi, i runga i tona hokinga ki ngā āhuatanga ake pai te nuinga o nga mea mōkitokito hoki ki te ora, me te pupuri tonu i te kaha ki te whakaputa uri.

Ko te pūtake o te oranga

Te kaha, i roto i nei kia heke te wai pea taua te whānui o ngā āhuatanga kino whānui - te kaha ki te haere ki te moetanga i te anhydrobiosis whakahaere. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, maroke Tardigrada ia, mahue tona tinana he nui hokiate o te wai. A e kore e ki te ngaro ratou, puka Tardigrada i te mata o te tinana te ahua o te anga te ware pi. I roto i te puka maroke i roto i tardigrades whakahohe atu mahi tiaki: he rāpoi ngota huka ki te ārai i te roha o ngā pūtau tīmata te whakaputa antioxidants e pato'ii te radiation me rāhuitia e te whakangaromanga o te DNA. I te whakauru ki te taiao tardigrades tinana te wai tīmata ki te takanga mai, a kua whakahokia mahi faufaa katoa.

Natural hoariri pea wai

Ahakoa te ora, e kore pea te wai e tahuti ore. I momoho te counteracting āhuatanga o waho kino, he reira tino rawakore ki konihi kore e ngakaukore ana ki te kai ratou te hunga e. I tua atu ki o ratou ake whanaunga, tardigrades kitea rotifers patua, nohinohi, springtails, a tawhio noa te kutukutu, ko te torongū o ngā pepeke, me te kōura. mate tardigrades wāhanga, hoko taonga parau o weuweu mushroom kaikiko ona koropiko ahurewa, i roto i nei, kia rite i roto i te mahanga, titi wai pea, taunga nei tupu kakawaea fungal ki reira. I tua atu, i reira he harore, he ātaahua ki tardigrades i roto i te mahere kai nei pua. Heoi, kotahi i roto i te punuatuna o te pea wai, e tipuria ana nga pua, te whakamahi i te kararehe rite te reo matūkai.