He tamaiti ki te ASD: peculiarities o te whanaketanga hinengaro

I raro i disorders tūāwhiotanga (PAC), te tūāwhiotanga auraa disorders o te whanaketanga pūnaha io pokapū ranei. Ka taea te kite i ASD i te wawe tau, no te mea he tino motuhake ona tohu.

Ko te etiology o tūāwhiotanga

Tae noa inaianei, e kore e matau tino te āhua tangohia o te ahua o te PAC. Ētahi tohunga whakapono e te wāhi nui i roto i te takanga o te predisposition ira tākaro. Kei te whakamatauria te reira e puta nga tauhohe matū i roto i te roro o te tūāwhiotanga te iti rerekē atu i ētahi atu. Various paanga kino i roto i te wā prenatal kia tīmata te whanaketanga o iwi, engari e kore e te pūtaiao kï reira.

tohutanga ASD

whakapono ētahi tohunga e taea te kite i nga tohu tuatahi o te tūāwhiotanga i roto i te tamaiti ki runga ki te tau, engari i reira he kahore whakaaro, ahakoa he reira taea whakaaro ki ki a ratou ka rite ki ngā tohu o te whakararuraru, autism. Ko te āhuatanga tino nui o ngā tamariki ki ASD hei muri i te tau. Ko nga tohu e taea kua kitea i roto i te tamaiti te whai ake, i taea i roto i te wa ki te kite i te tohunga te mau metua:

• e kore e te tamaiti tauhohe ki te ahua o toku whaea, e kore e mohio ki te iwi i mohio ia, e kore e ataata;
• uaua ū;
• Ko te tino uaua te koati ki te whakatū i te kanohi whakapā: titiro reira rite ki te "i roto i" te iwi;
• He wehi o tetahi taputapu ngangau pērā i hororē tamariki ki ASD;
• maha i raruraru moe Kids: he ara ratou, ko o ratou kanohi tuwhera, engari e kore ratou e moe, a kahore-feliliuaki;
• ina ngana koe ki te tango i enei mau tamarii i roto i tona ringa, timata ngā kōhungahunga ki te kikorangi koutou hoki kia riro te reira uaua ki te pēhi ratou ki tona uma.

Ka taea e enei tohu katoa tupu i roto i te tamaiti i raro i te tau o te 3 marama, engari ka hoatu kore tākuta i roto i tenei tau pāngia ki "tūāwhiotanga" no te mea kei roto i te tukanga o te hanganga o te tikanga o te ra, mahi hinengaro atu. I roto i te tau pakeke o te tamaiti puta tohu atu angamaheni, me te kitea o te ASD:

• nekehanga auau;
• kore o te moni i roto i te iwi a tawhio noa, hiahia ki te kōrero ki ētahi atu;
• ki te mea i reira te mea he huringa o te pae, he wehi, me te rawa manavasii te tamaiti;
• tamariki e papaki ana rangatira te pūkenga o te mahi-whaiaro;
• e kore e tākaro te tamaiti i roto i te kēmu wahi-tūranga-te whakatangi;
• E whakakapi e te tukurua i tuhia ai o oro kupu ranei wā roa o te puku.

Me kï reira e hoki ko tino noa taitamariki whanonga autism, e kore ratou e ite i tetahi hūhi. maha pohehe mātua Autism mo te raruraru rongo, no te mea te take mō te haere ki te mātanga ko te amuamu o rongo mate māharahara o te turi ranei. Ka rite ki te perception e pā ana o ngā oro me autism?

whakapae ngā mātua te ki te whakaiti i ngā āheinga rongo no te mea e kore e te tamaiti tali ina ko tona ingoa, e kore e huru te reira ki nui oro. I roto i te meka, e kore e kore raruraru ki rongo tamariki ora tika i roto i to ratou ake ao me kore e whakaaro reira e tika ana ki te whakautu ki akiaki waho ki te wāhi, tae noa timata ratou ki te meinga hūhi ki te koati.

Faaiteraa o ASD i roto i te tau kura-i mua

Ko rerekē i te tahi atu eé whanaketanga o ngā tamariki ki te whai ASD. kitea ratou maumaui i roto i te wāhi e whai ake nei:

• Communications. He tino uncommunicative tamariki, kahore he āpitihanga ki te whānau me te hoa. Kaua e tākaro ki ētahi atu tamariki, e kore e rite ki ta tona kēmu a tawhio noa e hiahia ana ki te whai wāhi. e kore e ratou huru ina e uru ratou ki te tono ranei karanga tika. He tuhia Games, wā nei e mahi stereotypical, kua hoatu hiahia ki ahanoa kēmu-kore (kohatu, rakau, pātene), me ngā mahi tino i roto i te kēmu e taea e ratou te maringi onepu, huhu wai. Ae, ka taea e ratou te whai wāhi i roto i te kēmu ki a ratou tamariki, engari i uaua he mahara ki nga ture, e kore e huru fakaeloto a kahore e matau ki nga kare o te tahi atu tamariki. O te akoranga, a tawhio noa tenei whanonga e kore e rite, kia reira he whaiaro feaa-. Na reira, hiahia enei tamariki ki te kia anake.
• poi Kōrero. Ngā pāhekoheko ki te iwi whānui e kore e taea te āwhina engari whakaata i runga i te whanaketanga o te reo o te tamaiti. Haunga kore e autistics iti e whakarongo ki te reo o ngā pakeke, kupu kīanga puta ratou i roto i te wā i te 1 tau ki te 3 tau, engari fakamanatu kōrero i te reira. Āhuatanga e echolalia (tukurua tumu o te iwi). He take auau mō kōrero i roto i te therapy kupu ko mutism te tamaiti - te kore ki te kōrero. He āhuatanga āhuatanga o te kupu, ko te e kore kuao e whakamahi i te fetonginauna "ahau": ratou korero e pā ana ki a ratou ano i roto i te tangata tuarua, me te tuatoru.

• Motility - i roto i te ofatiraa o te motini e kore he tohu tohu o ASD, kia pai hoki whakawhanakehia ai etahi waka, ia e ngenge tino etahi i te täkupu. hē ai tamariki whakatau tata i te tawhiti ki te ahanoa, e kia te take o te whakamā nekeneke. E taea haere i runga i tiptoe, no te mea o raruraru taea ki te ruruku o ngā tamariki ki te fifi ako ki te haere i te pikitanga. He kua mau fifi i roto i te whawhe o ngā iti, ki te ngoikore eke te pahikara. Ko tenei pūkaha clumsiness me ruruku waimaero taea te ngā ki te toenga mīharo. No te mea o ngā raruraru i roto i te reo uaua o te mangai, me te kauae puta salivation (salivation tiketike, me te tutu).
• he mea nui ki te utu tonu whakarongo ki tohunga mo te te tātaritanga, he mea he mate whanonga. Ka taea e ngā tamariki mataara te wa roa i roto i te kotahi wahi, ki te titiro i te ahanoa ki faahiahia nga mea mua, me te kore hiahia i roto i tākaro ranei. Ka rite ki ka he katoa i runga i te wahi mua mo ratou, nui atu pouri ina haere he tahi mea, rite ratou whakamahia ki. Ka taea e kia i pakū ohorere o fakaaoao, ki te kahore te tahi mea koati e mahi ranei mana'o te reira fiemālie no te mea kihai i taea e te kore faaite ia ratou kare.
• tuhipoka te reira i te whanaketanga pai o mahara aunoa, engari māramatanga rawakore o te ihirangi o tales patupaiarehe, rotarota. Ki te whakaaro ki te mana whakairo hinengaro, kia whai rawa roroa mo tona tau, maramarama etahi tamariki whai tūāwhiotanga, ara kia tukuna i roto i te tetahi rohe. Ko te tikanga e pā ana ki enei tamariki e mea ratou "poropango". Na etahi kia heke ai mahi hinengaro. I roto i tetahi take, te tukanga o te ako ratou Unfocused, i reira te mea he takahi o kukū o aro.

tamariki ◊oatu fakataha ki ASD

Ki te nga hua o te tamaiti rangahau pāngia ki "tūāwhiotanga", ka he ia i te whai wāhi ki te haere kōhungahunga ranei tikanga paremata he rōpū whakakotahi i roto i te kindergarten rōpū kei i te pokapū psycho-ako äpiha tiaki-pāpori he noho poto i roto i ngā rōpū ranei ranei. Nā ki te meka e te te mamae i te tamaiti i te PAC, he uaua ki te whakatū i whakapā ki ētahi atu, kua ngaro te reira i roto i te taiao tauhou, he mea e tika ana ki ko ia he kaiwhakaako e e te āwhina ki a ia te whakawhanaunga.

Ki ngā tamariki ki ASD i roto i te kindergarten

Ko te whāinga matua o te whanaketanga o ngā hōtaka mō ngā tamariki ki ASD i roto i te kōhungahunga - ko reira ratou kōmitimiti ki te hapori, kia whai ratou rite tika ki ētahi atu tamariki. Kids nei tae kōhungahunga, ka nui māmā ki te urutau ki tikanga hou, me te kitea whakapā ki ētahi atu.

I roto i te hanga o te mahi herehere ki Me ki te whakamahi i te huarahi katoa tamariki - ko te ako, āwhina hinengaro, me te hauora ki "autyatam" iti. Hoki te whakatinanatanga angitu o te hōtaka, ko te tika ki te whakatū i tētahi hononga aronganui ki te tamaiti. hanga te tamaiti he noho hāneanea Wenerei, hāunga uaua ki a ia te pehea, ki te taunekeneke ki te ao.

whakarite hoki Dow kaimahi pāpori nga ara tika ki te taunekeneke ki ngā tamariki. kia tango taiao kindergarten Subject-whakawhanake ki pūkete te peculiarities o te whanaketanga o te iti tūāwhiotanga, ana ngā ngākau nuitanga, me te utu mo ona maumaui ngā. Ko reira e minaminatia e ko te institution he ruma tairongo, no te mea taea reira ki a koutou te akaanga te pūnaha io e pā te whekau tairongo i roto i te tamaiti i te tikanga o te haumarutanga me te ata noho.

Tamariki ki ASD i roto i te kura

Pea tetahi o nga take tino nui, me te matatini e ara ake i roto i mua o te mau metua tamaiti motuhake - te reira tona mātauranga atu. Ka rite ki te kore he taua, whakaurunga kura motuhake mō ngā tamariki ki te autism, ka whakawhirinaki nga mea katoa i runga i te mea whakatau PMPC: ki te he hauātanga hinengaro he tamaiti, kia tūtohu kura whakangungu 8 tirohanga th. Ki te mea i reira e disorders kupu nui, te reo o te kura. Otiia maha tukua enei tamariki e ki te ako i roto i ngā kura auraki noa.

hiahia tokomaha ngā mātua mātauranga ratou tamaiti i roto i te whare papatipu mō te whakawhanaunga angitu i roto i te heke mai. Na, ka te tamata i te hapori katoa ki te whakauru tamariki motuhake ki te hapori, hanga akomanga motuhake i roto i ngā kura auraki, engari tonu e kore e te katoa. Te aha e mea uaua ki te urutau ki te tamaiti ki ngā āhuatanga kura?

1. Te kore o te mātau o ngā kaiako. Te nuinga o ngā kaiako noa kahore e mohio me pehea ki te mahi ki enei tamariki, no te mea kahore ratou e mohio ki nga pau katoa o te PAC. whakaoti tatou i tenei raruraru, i tana whakaarahanga i te tohu.
2. Te nuinga noho i roto i te akomanga. Ko te tino uaua ki te ako i roto i taua tikanga tamaiti autism e mawehe kōrero.
3. Daily ture mahi, me te kura - te tamariki i ki te kia whakamahia ki nga tikanga hou, kia mahi i te mau tamaroa ko kore ngāwari.

Ka rite ki i roto i te kindergarten, nga mahi matua o te whakaako tamariki ki ASD ko te mōrahi tona kōmitimiti ki te hapori, me te mātauranga e tika ana ki ona hononga ki hoa. Me tutaki te kaiako ki te tamaiti ngā me tona hapu i mua ki te tīmatanga o te tau kura ako ona āhuatanga, me te kia whakapā.

Ka Me ki te whakatinana i kore anake te marautanga, engari ngaki hoki te kura ki a ASD whanonga motuhake te kura: i roto i te akomanga kia whai reira he wahi pumau, me te wahi i reira e taea e ia kia okioki. Me hanga i te kaiako i roto i te perception rawaka ngā o te tamariki o te hoa ki te hiahia motuhake i roto i te whanaketanga i roto i ngā uiuiraa, e e whakaatu te kaupapa o te tuakiri.

AOP mō ngā tamariki ki ASD

O te akoranga, te kupu, ko te ki te haere ki te papatipu o kindergarten me ngā kura e kore te tikanga e kore e tangohia ngā tukanga mātauranga ki pūkete nga āhuatanga o ēnei tamariki. Kei te patua ana hoki ratou he ara mātauranga takitahi, te rai urutau hōtaka mātauranga (AOP), whakakitea ai te te ihirangi o te whakangungu rehabilitative. Ko te kaimahi ako e tika ana ki te whai therapy kupu, Pathologists kupu me kaimātai hinengaro, no te mea te huarahi taketake i roto i te matatini herehere.

hōtaka urutau mō ngā tamariki ki te tau toharite ASD:

• whakaurunga äta o tamariki i roto i te tukanga akoranga;
• hanganga o ngā āhuatanga motuhake;
• te whakarato o te tautoko psycho-kaupapa o te whānau;
• te hanganga o ngā uara pāpori me te ahurea;
• tiaki o tinana hauora, me te hinengaro o te tamaiti;
• whakarite rerekētanga o ngā hōtaka mātauranga me te ihirangi whakangungu;
• tuitui mōrahi o ngā ākonga ki ASD ki te hapori.

Ko te whanaketanga o tētahi hōtaka taua nui whakahaere te tukanga o te ako i te tamaiti ki ASD, no te mea ki te e te reira ki ngā āhuatanga pūkete o te faaineineraa o tamariki penei, hanga he hōtaka whakangungu takitahi. Ki kore e taea e ngā tauira whai tūāwhiotanga ui te hinganga tere taua o te rauemi rite ki nga ētahi atu, nui reira he wāhi nui ngā āhuatanga hinengaro, ie. A. Tino nui hoki ki a ratou ite whakamarie i roto i te taiao hou. AOP taea tamariki whai tūāwhiotanga ki te farii i te matauranga e tika ana, me te ki te whakauru i ki hapori.

Te mahi ki te tamariki motuhake

mahi herehere ki ngā tamariki ki ASD tā kapa kaihaumanu Speech, kaimātai hinengaro, kaiako me ngā kaiako, me te pāhekoheko mātātoa ki ngā mātua. Ko e mo'oni, waiho enei tamariki anake mo te ra katoa i roto i te wahi hou e kore e taea e - e hiahia ana koe ki te whakapiki ake i āta tona vremyaprebyvanie i roto i te faanahoraa, a ki te whakaiti i te wa o te aroaro o ngā mātua.

Best o katoa, ki te ka tīmata te kaiako te haapiiraa ranei ki te whakaoti i tona tikanga motuhake, me whakakore e koe nga taonga kanapa katoa, e ai meinga te urupare huakore o te tamaiti. kia kakahu Kaiako pepe ata, he reira e minaminatia ki te karo i te whakamahinga o whakakakara. Me waiho te tamaiti he tona mokowāmahi whaiaro tūturu, me nga mea katoa kia i te wahi tonu. Ko te kaiuru o te tukanga mātauranga whai ki te whai i te tetahi mahi. Ko te patoto-i roto i iti i te hōtaka huringa ranei i roto i te taiao e taea meinga te ahotea i roto i ngā tamariki whai tūāwhiotanga.

He tino nui ki te angitu o te ako koha, hoki te hanga he papamuri aronganui pai o te tamaiti mea nohinohi. He tino nui te akomanga ki te waihanga i tētahi āhuatanga o te angitu, te faaitoitoraa tamau, whakatairanga, t. Ki. Ko te whakawhenumi o te matauranga e tu'ati roa ratou ki te moni whaiaro. Me awhina Child i roto i te hui o fifi i roto i te akomanga tika whakamahi aritanga rerekē.

mana pai i runga i ngā tamariki ki te tūāwhiotanga kua he mahi tahi i roto i takirua. e kore e meatia tenei i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakangungu, me ka kua taukei kē te tamaiti i roto i te taiao hou. e āhei ana tēnei momo o te mahi whai hua atu ki te whakauru i te tamaiti ki te hapori. Hinengaro papaki nga waiaro kino o te tamaiti, kei te mahi tahi te taha pängia o te koha, e tauturu te reira urutau te tamaiti me ana matua. Kua he kaiwhakatika reo kua hinga mutism, hanga glossophobia hihiri mō te kōrero me te papaki hē kupu. Kairangahau mate wāhi i roto i te ako o aronganui me te volitional, me te whanaketanga o teitei mahi hinengaro.

Ki te pāngia tetahi tamaiti e ki "tūāwhiotanga" - e kore te auraa i te reira e kore e taea e ia te haere ki te institution mātauranga. Ki te huarahi tika, te hōtaka kua tīpakohia takitahi, e taea te tamaiti ia farii i te matauranga katoa, me te tahi atu tamariki.

Tips mō ngā mātua o ngā tamariki ki ASD

e kore e ngā mātua o ngā tamariki ki ASD e matau i nga wa katoa te mea ki te mahi i, e ki te karanga, a ko reira uaua ki te ite me te farii i te meka e te tūāwhiotanga o ratou koati. Hei te mahi tōtika ki te hinga i te PAC he tika ki te kati i te tamaiti, me te ū ki te tūtohutanga e whai ake nei:

1. Haapa'oraa o te ra. He mea tika ki te kiia e mahi koe tika i teie nei, ka whai i nga whakaahua katoa mahi. Mai kua te tamaiti ki te kia rite ki te tango i mahi.
2. E tika ana kia rite te nui rite ki taea piro tākaro ki te tamaiti i roto i ngā kēmu ngātahi.
3. I roto i te timatanga e hiahia ana koe ki te whiriwhiri i ngā kēmu me ngā mahi, te ngākau nuitanga o te tamaiti, i muri kīnaki e mahi hou.
4. Me nga mahi petipeti ki te ngā iwi i te taiao tonu o te tamaiti.
5. Ko te otinga pai, ko te ki te pupuri i te rātaka i roto i nei ki te tuhi i nga angitu katoa me ngā wero e kia ara ake i roto i te tamaiti. meatia tenei i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaatu pēpē mātanga.
6. Haere i te haapiiraa i te tohunga.
7. kia whakatenatena hoki te angitu o tetahi tamaiti.
8. Tīpakonga o ngā mahi e hāngai ana i runga i te parau tumu o ohie ki uaua.

Tuhinga o tamariki ki te ASD

He aha e tiai i roto i te tamaiti i mua nei he syndrome autism? hinga Mutu kore e taea e tenei koha e, kia taea nui taea ki te ngana ki te maeneene reira na ko reira te kite iti rawa. e kore e taea e No matapae tika hoatu. Te reira i katoa tei runga i te pakeke o disorders tūāwhiotanga me pehea hohoro timata ki te kia kawea i roto i te mahi whakaora.

Ko te tino motuhake te whanonga o ngā tamariki ki ASD, a tae noa ki te tuitui angitu ki te hapori o toe tonu mau huru tūāwhiotanga, ka noa e kore e korerotia. Pea e kore e waiho te tamaiti e taea ki te tomo tino ki te hapori, a taea mahi whakaora neke kaua āta. e kore e reira matapae tika, na kia mau tonu i nga wa katoa e koe he huru pai, no te mea kei roto i te hiahia o te tautoko te tamaiti ki te ASD.