He tokomaha-ki-he tokomaha: He tauira i roto i Access, i roto i te SQL. Me pēhea te ki te hanga i te maha tokomaha-ki-?

Katoa DBMS (pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga) , i reira e rave rahi ngā momo o te whanaungatanga i waenganui i nga tepu. I roto ia ratou tetahi-ki-kotahi, kotahi-ki-he tokomaha, he tokomaha-ki-tetahi (e hehema ki te tāutu i enei momo e rua ki tetahi etahi) me he tokomaha-ki-he tokomaha. He tauira o te muri, me te whakamārama o tona tono i roto i ngā pātengi raraunga rerekē, pērā i Access SQL ranei, ka e kōrero i roto i tenei tuhinga.

whakamāramatanga

E rave rahi-ki-he tokomaha hononga tautuhia te rite te kēmu ki tetahi o nga kape o tetahi o nga essences o te tahi atu wā katoa. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, i ia mara o te tuatahi (tuarua) ripanga e pā ana ki mara katoa o te tuarua (tuatahi).

mārama whakaata ana tēnei kaupapa i te mauri o tenei hononga.

A, no te he e taea maha-ki-maha whanaungatanga e whakamahia?

He tauira o te tokomaha-ki-he tokomaha - he rōpū ākonga, me te rōpū o ngā kaiako. Ia ākonga ako i kotahi i roto i te ahorangi torutoru, e, i roto i te tahuri, hoatu kauwhau e rave rahi ākonga. I roto i te pikitia whakaatu i te rerekētanga i waenganui i te kotahi-ki-maha, me te tokomaha-ki-he tokomaha.

Ko maha e tika ana i roto i te faaineineraa o pātengi raraunga nui-tauine, tauira iti maitai te nuinga whakamahia anake mō ngā take mātauranga, i roto i te hono mo'oní hononga tokomaha-ki-he tokomaha, i roto i te mahi huri i te reira i roto i taua i te ake ngä hinonga i roto i te pātengi raraunga me te ake hononga ki waenganui ia ratou - te atu te tūponotanga o e puritia ana auau ki maha-ki-he tokomaha.

Me pēhea te ki te hanga i te maha tokomaha-ki-?

Ka tonu e tapiritia tauira o te pā ana i roto i te pātai i roto i te akoranga o te tuhinga, engari he mea nui e kore anake ki te matau he aha te mea te reira, engari ano hoki me pehea ki te whakatinana i te reira. Taipitopito o tenei tukanga tika, tei runga i te pātengi raraunga i tīpakohia mo te mahi, i te noho tonu te parau tumu i te taua mo te katoa.

Microsoft Access

mohiotia pūmanawa Office i "Microsoft" kei roto i te mākete pūmanawa mo rawa he wa roa. mai te reira ki te ētita kuputuhi Worfd, Excel pūtukatuka ripa me te tahi atu no ki te raina o "te tari". Ka taea e koe te urunga (te pānui i rite "Acces", te translation totonu - "uru") ki te hoko me te wehe i tona "hoa". E tūtohutia ana ki te hoko, o te akoranga, pūmanawa raihana, engari he mea kahore ngaro te nui e taea te kitea repack pirated i roto i te tukutuku nui, i roto i te puka o ngā kōnae auau, awa ringa ranei. "Microsoft Ikehe" he wātea noa i roto i te whakaminenga kawe. Aita e titauhia ia tāutanga me tetahi pūkenga motuhake ki te mahi ki te PC, he reira pai hāngai mō te tīpakonga ki te kore e whakamahi i te pūmanawa roa-tonu, me te maha.

Mai i te horopaki ko reira mārama e "Microsoft Ikehe" - he pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga. Na tetahi o nga rongonui tino. He tūhonohono reira, e te tikanga e hāngai ana ki runga ki te arorau tauira raraunga, i te mea i roto i te akoranga o tona mahi e pā ana ki te ariā i whakaritea , me te matamua-raupapa arorau. E rave rahi-ki-he tokomaha hononga i roto i te Access (ka tauira e hoatu i roto i te whakamārama) kitenga o te tino, tino māmā. Whakaaroa reira.

E rua nga tepu ..

I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te whakaaroa tetahi hou, tangohia te kua whakahuatia ki te whakamārama i te hi'oraa e rave rahi-ki-he tokomaha e pā ana ki te ākonga. Me waihanga e koe he tepu "ngā ākonga" me te tepu "kaiako." Rua te tuatahi, me te tuarua o enei he kī tuatahi. titau hoki tetahi atu tepu, e āpure hoki whakakotahi wā o te hinonga e rua - te mau taviri o te papa o mua, me te tuarua.

Ki te whakaaro tatou he tauira rerekē: kia mea a, te kaitākaro me te kapa (homai te meka i tito i te iti rawa tetahi o nga kaitākaro tākaro mō ngā rōpū rerekē, me ia rōpū te o ma tahi kaitākaro), kei te hanga i te hononga e kore e huri. Ka Me hoki ratou e toru tepu. O enei, "Football" me "Team" rite te matua, me te kotahi takawaenga.

kaupapa raraunga

Whanaungatanga i waenganui i nga papa i roto i te pātengi raraunga "Microsoft Ikehe" whakatinana te whakamahi i te ripa "Kaupapa Raraunga". Te röpü whakaatu e tapiritia ki nga hinonga katoa (i roto i tenei take, katoa e toru tepu). Waihanga i te hononga tokomaha-ki-he tokomaha ka whakamahi i nga hononga e rua, kotahi-ki-he tokomaha i waenganui i te tumuaki ( "ngā ākonga" me "Kaiako") me te tepu atamira. Ki te mahi i tenei, me pāramaha koe te mau taviri tuatahi tēnā.

Te faahoho'araa i runga whakaatu pehea te "ara iahiko raraunga" ripa (Relathionships). Ko te maha o tāpiri ki te poari tepu ta'engata. Ko tino whakarite i te kaiwhakamahi Wāhi.

SQL

Hoahoa Pātengi Raraunga runga SQL - mahi maro atu i ki "Ikehe". Ki te te tino taunga hua maykrosoftovskih ki te taiao tari, he nui, me te, ki ia tuku, me te whakahou i taumahinga whakawhānui katoa, engari i te wa ano watea mo te atanga kaiwhakamahi ohie, SQL - ko reira he reo hōtaka kore-ngā motuhake, me i runga i ngä tüäpapa rerekē Ka taea e koe te mahi ki pātengi. Ko te pūmanawa pai-mohiotia hoki tenei mahi: Oracle MySQL ko DB2 (he rongonui, engari e kore e anake nga tetahi o ona ahua). Ahakoa te meka e ia o ratou kua ona whaktauiratia me onäianei, ko te reo SQL ratou "tahoê". Na roto i te ako ki te mahi ki te iti rawa tetahi o ratou, ki te mahi ki ētahi atu ka kia nui māmā.

Waihanga, whakakiia me mahi tika i runga i te pātengi raraunga e tīariari i roto i SQL hiahiatia i roto i te waehere motuhake ranei hōtuhi. Heoi, te hunga e kua hanga reira kua ki te wāhanga "maha-ki-maha", he tauira o i homai i roto i tenei reo hōtaka te raro nei, me mohio i te iti rawa i te whakahau taketake me te mau parau tumu o te reo SQL.

Ko te parau tumu o te hanga i te maha-ki-he tokomaha

rironga roa taea whakama etahi me "oho te kohu", engari i roto i te vai te parau tumu o te whakatinanatanga o te kōrero te taua. Hei te pato i tētahi hononga tokomaha-ki-he tokomaha i whakatinanatia i roto i te mahi, e kore anake i roto i te "Ikehe", engari ano hoki te SQL, Me ki te waihanga tuatahi papa e rua turanga, me te kotahi - takawaenga. Waihoki, ko reira ki te kī: te āhua taketake ko nga mara matua, ia o nei i tuhituhia i roto i te tepu hononga. E te tikanga e kore e faufaa rerekē i te "Ikehe" nga hononga SQL-maha-ki-he tokomaha.

Whakatinanatanga o te kōrero

Hei whakatinana i te maha-ki-he tokomaha i roto i te hōtuhi SQL te whakamahi i te mau taviri waho (MATUA FOREIGN) rite ki te kī taketake i roto i te ripanga matua. tuhia tahi ratou ki te mara katoa ka hanga, me te / whakatika ranei.

Ko te tūranga o te tokomaha maha-ki-

I roto i te whānui, i te hononga i waenganui i te hinonga i roto i te pātengi raraunga e whakamahia ana mo te tapatahi o te mōhiohio rongoa i roto i a ratou. Anake te pātengi raraunga pai-hangaia ki nga hononga e tika ana katoa whakarite rokiroki haumaru, wheako kaiwhakamahi, me te ko te hanganga i te mea ātete ki awenga waho me ngā huringa. Ko te tikanga, ki te kei te pātengi raraunga raraunga i runga i te whakahaere katoa, kamupene u ranei, kei reira he huinga o hinonga ki te wā rerekē.

tikanga o tēnei e i roto i te faaineineraa o enei kaupapa ( "Ikehe") ranei tuhi hōtuhi (i roto i te "Oracle" ranei "DiBiTu") ka kia hakari i te iti rawa te kotahi maha-ki-he tokomaha. Tauira SQL, Kei te maha whakamahia i roto i te whakangungu akoranga "Organization Database" - DB King.

Base o te raraunga o Kingi

Ko te pātengi raraunga whakangungu he mōhiohio e pā ana ki a Kingi kaporeihana. I roto i te tepu:

• kaimahi o te kamupene - kei te ID kaimahi, ingoa whakamutunga, ingoa tuatahi me te waenganui tuatahi (arotahi ki runga i ngā ingoa ke), waehere ano hoki te rangatira, a nohoia te tūranga te kaimahi, rā o whakauru ki nga umanga te fariiraa i to ratou utu, me te kōmihana whakaratohia, waehere tari;
• tari o koporeihana - i roto i te mara o te tepu i te waehere me te ingoa o te tari, me te te waehere o tona wāhi;
• tari whakanohonga, e ngā tomo mōhiohio i runga i te whakanohonga waehere me te ingoa hoki o te pa;
• tūranga i roto i te kamupene - he tepu iti ki mara e rua whakairi waehere me tona ingoa mōhiohio;
• umanga-kaihoko - mara: te waehere me te ingoa o te kaihoko, wāhitau, pa, kāwanatanga, waehere poutāpeta me te waehere rohe, te tau waea, te kaiwhakahaere mahi o te waehere kiritaki, te nama hoki te kaihoko me ngā kōrero (kōrero me tuhipoka);
• whakaaetanga hoko, kei roto i te waehere me te rā o te kirimana, te waehere kaihoko, te rā tuku, me te tapeke o te kirimana;
• Acts o hoko - te mahi o te waehere me te waehere o te kirimana, i ngā te mahi, waehere hua, ona utu, rahinga hokona me te katoa utu hoko;
• Ko te taonga - te ingoa waehere o te hua;
• utu - te waehere hua, ua faaite ki a ia te utu, te utu ka taea i raro, te rā o te whakatūnga me te rā o te utu whakakorenga.

tepu Iti e wātea ana i roto i nei kaua e nui ake i te rua ranei e toru ngā āpure e pā ana ki runga ki te tepu o te kotahi-ki-tetahi ranei tetahi-ki-he tokomaha.

Tauine tepu kotahi, pērā i "kaimahi o te kamupene", "kamupene-kiritaki", "whakaaetanga hoko" me "mahi o hoko" e pā ana ki te maha o hinonga, ki etahi - ki te awhina o "takawaenga" hononga maha-ki-he tokomaha. Ripanga "kaihoko o te kamupene" Ko iho he takawaenga, rite taua, no te mea te mea he maha o te mara, tangohia i ētahi atu tepu, me te kī ke. I tua atu, i te tauine, me te pātengi raraunga hononga "Kingi Corporation" Ko e e te whäriki fakafekau'aki hononga katoa ki ia atu, me te pā tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te whakangaromanga o te iti rawa tetahi o ratou e arahi ki te whakangaromanga o te tapatahi o te pātengi raraunga katoa.

motuhake e nui

A, no te whakatinana i te maha-ki-he tokomaha, ahakoa o whakamahia e whakahaere pātengi raraunga pūnaha te, ko reira nui ki te whakatau i te mau taviri tika ki nei ka unu ake huru. Hē whakatinana te hononga e kore e whakarite i tona whakaaro matua - ara, ki te whakarite i te tapatahi o te tepu, me rite ki te hua, hei utu o te whakamarie tūmanakohia, ka riro i te kaiwhakamahi, i te tahi atu te ringa, te raruraru me ngā raruraru atu, tino kitea i roto i te whakakī o tepu whakatikatika me ratou raraunga.