Heriheri i roto i te ōhanga - ko reira ... Heretaunga ki a Competition i roto i te ōhanga Russian. Ko te tūranga o motuhake i roto i te ōhanga Russian

kua te pānga o te heriheri i runga i te ōhanga i ngā wā katoa o tona oraraa kua nui. I roto i tenei take, i te pānga i taea e rua pai, me te kino. Homai nga tōnounou o etahi kai o te ture e pā ana ki te whānuitanga o te whakahaere, ko te tino nui tonu heriheri rangahau.

whakamāramatanga

Motuhake i roto i te ōhanga, he kamupene nui mahi i roto i te hanga, me te mana o te whakatinanatanga o tetahi atu ranei momo o taonga. Ratou aroaro katia te taea ki te whakataetae. tikanga mana tokitoki i roto i te ōhanga whai wāhi tata ki ētahi atu pakihi.

take o

He aha te mea i reira he tokitoki? I roto i te ao ōhanga i reira he āhuatanga rerekē e whai wāhi ki te putanga o taua hinonga. Ko te take matua ngā:

1. Te āhei ki te tiki atu moni e tika ana ki te kore o te kōwhiringa kiritaki.
2. Ko te kukū o te hanga, me te whakapaipai.
3. Ko te kore o te whakataetae.
4. whakakotahitanga o ngā whakapaipai - "absorption" o te maha o pakihi iti.
5. Faingamālie ki te whakatinana i nui-tauine hōtaka hokohoko ke.

whakarōpū

He maha ngā momo i roto i nei te heriheri i roto i te ōhanga e taea te tīariari. Ko ratou:

• State Enterprise. Taua kamupene he ture. whakatakoto mahi normative rohe, te tikanga o ratou mahi.
• heriheri Natural. I roto i te ōhanga mākete i reira ko te āhua o te pūnaha, e whakatutuki ana e kia atu whai hua i roto i te ngaro o te whakataetae te tono kiritaki. Ko te tika tenei te nuinga ngā te hangarau production. I roto i tenei hanga, whakaputaina nei i te tipu, e kore e taea te whakakapi i ētahi atu hua. I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka whakawhirinaki te tono mō ngā hua i hanga e te kamupene, ki te whānuitanga iti i runga i ngā rerekētanga i roto i te uara atu i te mea te reira i rawe ki ki ētahi atu hua.
• Whakatūwhera he tokitoki i roto i te ōhanga - ko reira he āhuatanga ka reira te mea he hangarau hou, engari i te reira e kore e tonu te taukei. Na reira, e tona whakatinanatanga wahi i nga wāhanga tuatahi, ka rite ki te tikanga, he hinonga nui kotahi.

Ko te tūranga o motuhake i roto i te ōhanga Russian

Kamupene o tenei momo rite te mahi nui i roto i te Russian Federation. Ko te tūranga o motuhake i roto i te ōhanga Russian, kitea i roto i te meka e te āhua o te kamupene, tei te nuinga i runga i te whakataetae i te whenua o roto i te ao te ao. I tua atu, he nui faufaa me te haumarutanga ā-o te kāwanatanga o nga taonga hua. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te hoki pau te hua hangaia e te katoa o te hapori. Nui hinonga-monopolists kawe hiko, kapuni, wai, whakarato waka, tae atu ki ngā rerewē, ratonga rangi, whakarato kōrero pūnaha, kōrero. Kua pau e te taupori enei hua katoa. Ko tētahi o nga āhuatanga matua e wehewehe i tetahi heriheri i roto i te ohanga - he ki te whakatū i tētahi tauārai urunga tiketike i roto i te whāiti ahumahi. A, no te reira he kotahi anake kaihanga, te pānga i runga i te putanga o te mea nui, kua hanga e te reira e te nui o te whakapaipai e ka hanga i ētahi atu kamupene whakataetae. I roto i te hapori, ka rite ki te tikanga, kahore he taea ki te te tu ake i te kotahi taua kamupene.

Federal Law № 147

E whakarato ana te Ture he rārangi o rāngai, ia o nei e taea te mahi tetahi kamupene he tokitoki. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

1. Transportation o hau, hinu, me te hinu hua i roto i pipelines.
2. Te whakarato o ngā ratonga mō te whakawhitinga o te wera me te hiko.
3. F / d transportation.
4. Ratonga Kāpeka (waka, taunga rererangi).
5. Ko te whakarato o te whakahaere pānui whakahaere i roto i te ahumahi mana hiko.
6. ratonga mahi o ā-ara wai hanganga.

E ai ki tenei rārangi, riro te reira ūkui i te tūranga nui o te heriheri i te ōhanga. pā ēnei ahumahi āhuatanga nui o oranga. Ko te ngako o te heriheri i roto i te ōhanga ko te supply tonu o ngā hua faufaa, e pupuri ana i te taumata utu tino pai. I roto i te kamupene tino nui mahi i roto i te Russian Federation i roto i tenei whakaaro, kia tuhia te reira o enei, pērā i:

1. "Gazprom".
2. "Railways Russian".
3. "Transneft".
4. "FGC fakasosialé".

pū

Heriheri i roto i te ōhanga - ko reira he kamupene taua, i roto i nei:

1. Ngohe nuinga tā te whakarato o ngā ratonga, hangaia hoki he whānui o ngā kaiwhakamahi (kiritaki) ngā.
2. Ko te pūtea tā moni nui o te moni.

Te feaa, kia whakaritea nga mahi o taua kamupene i te kāwanatanga. I roto i te wahi tuatahi i te taumata-ture whakatakotoria etahi rohe ki te hanganga o ngā utu mō ngā ratonga. kia kawea Tariffing i na i i te hua hangaia kua wātea ki kiritaki katoa. I tua atu, mo te taua hinonga, me te mo te atu, he fatongia ki te mahi i utu tāke ki te pūtea.

goodies

taea Enterprise-monopolist he ki:

• Whakanui i te whakamahi o te pānga o te whānuitanga o ona ake production. E āwhina ana tēnei whakaiti i te utu ki te whakaputa i te wae o te putanga.
• Whakaoreore moni nui i roto i te tikanga ki te mau tonu i te raina production i te taumata tino arotau.
• Whakamahia whakatutuki STP.
• A pee i tikanga ōrite mo nga ratonga me ngā hua.
• Whakakapia te huarahi mākete o hanganga kōtuitui-aroākapa, he pūnaha o whanaunga kirimana. whai wāhi ana tēnei ki te whakaiti nui i roto i te parekura e pā ana ki te papû ore, me te mōrea.

raruraru

E whakakitea āhuatanga tōraro o ngā mahi heriheri i roto i o ratou aravihi ki:

• Whakaturia te taumata o te utu o te hoko. hanga tenei he whakamatautauranga mo neke i te wahi nui o te kiritaki moni. E kore ai te whakamutunga i te pānga whakamuri i runga i te hinonga.
• Aukati whakapai ake hangarau o te hanga.
• Whakaorangia i te utu o te kounga o ngā ratonga me ngā hua.
• Tangohia te puka o "diktat whakahaere", ko te kupu whakakapi i te huarahi ngā o whakataetae.

ngā kitenga

I taea te kite i te rārangi i runga ake, te rangatiratanga o hinonga heriheri taea riro huakore, me te hurihia. Tenei kōrero e tenei puka o te whakahaere, ko te tino whakahē. Ahurei tautuhi e tami raruraru ranei AtAKi, tino raruraru. I taua wā, e kore e taea e te taupori e ora roa i roto i te papû ore, me te ti'aturiraa i runga i te heriheri. inaianei taea te pūnaha o nāianei, ko te rānei ki te haaparuparu, nui iti hinga i te tūranga kino o motuhake i roto i te ōhanga. Ahakoa tenei, enei kamupene e inaianei nga generators matua o te haumi.

ture kāwanatanga

Ka taea te mahi te reira i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. I roto i ngā, i reira te mea he mana utu, e ngā tikanga:

1. utu Toharite.
2. Te whakatū i te utu rohe. Mā te tenei tikanga, tautuhia e te kaiwhakamahi, te hunga e ngohengohe ki te mahi herea. Hoki ratou, whakaturia te taumata iti o te haumaru i roto i te hui, ko te reira e taea ki te makona i ki tonu i.
3. Subsidization. huaina ana tēnei tikanga ko te tikanga o te whakahāweatanga utu. kōrero ia e kua whakaratohia kiritaki ki hua kotahi i te utu iti i te utu o ētahi atu kaiwhakamahi.

mahi hoki utu-kore ture kāwanatanga. Ko ratou:

1. arowhai tuatahi. fokotu'u mai e ia te kai whakahauanga o te tono mo te whakaaetanga ki te tomo ki tetahi hoko atu mōhiohio ranei i te tono o te mana mātau.
2. A pee-ake. Ko te tinana ture whakahauanga whakamōhiotia mahia mahi.

tariffs mīti

tangohia tēnei mehua i i te taumata kāwanatanga i roto i te 2013. I te tuatahi o nga tau o te taumira i kore whakaarahia tariffs, a i roto i te 2 tau i muri ki te taupū mo te pikinga o te wā o mua. Na, ka mea te heriheri e ka takoha kia ki tapahia hōtaka haumi. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, i te pā tōraro i runga i te āhua o te maha o ahumahi. I tua atu, i te timatanga o te whakataki o taua mehua me te kamupene tohu ki te tūponotanga o rearrangements hanganga. Na, ko reira he whakaiti kaimahi (i roto i te kōwae whakahaere), kore o indexation o utu (anake hoki te hanga kaimahi). E ai ki whakatau tata o "Gazprom" i roto i te 2013 mō te mīti tariffs mo te 3 tau i muri mai, te kamupene kia ngaro 510 piriona moni o moni. I roto i tenei take, i te hōtaka haumi matapae te ki kia heke e 407 piriona moni.