Ben Bernanke ko ana whakaaro i runga i te ōhanga

ka mau ki runga ki Ben Shalom Bernanke rite tiamana o te Poari o Kawana o te Federal Reserve Pūnaha 01.02.06, whakakapi reira Alana Grinspena. faaoti na Congress no te mea i matau Bernanke pehea moni kaupapa here kua whai wāhi ki te Topatariraa Rahi, a whakapono i roto i te pikinga ngā.

kaiwhakahaere raruraru

I roto i te tikanga ki te ārai i te whārua ao i roto i te tīmatanga o te raruraru pēke, kua hanga reira he maha o ngā taputapu auaha te whangai.

arahina Bernanke te US Federal Reserve, ka meinga he tūranga hou ki te mahi, hei tauira, whakaorangia Bear Stearns me inihua Rapa o AIG, hoatu ratou he $ 150 piriona āwhina. Hei mutu ao aitua, tukua te whangai ki pūtahi pūtea o $ 540 piriona.

Kei te panaia hoki Ben Bernanke (pikitia tangohia i muri i roto i te tuhinga) ki te whakawhānui ngā mahi i roto i te mākete tuwhera, ka whakaiti kihai i nui ki te hoatu i te mutunga ki te raruraru i roto i 2008 te päpätanga huamoni i roto ano. whaia e ia he kaupapa here o te wā kotahi whakaiti ngä päpätanga huamoni wā roa-a ake i te wā-poto.

marere Ben Bernanke iho rite upoko o o te whangai January 31, 2014 i whakakapi ia i te matenga tuarua o mua o te Federal Reserve Dzhenet Yellen, ko wai te mea pukuaroha ki ana kaupapa here.

Nui mō te ōhanga US

Tiamana o te Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke ko kawenga mo te whakahaere o US kaupapa here moni. Kua nui haere tino te faufaa o te tūranga o te Reserve Federal runga te tekau tau whakamutunga, rite te haafifi nama motu whakahaere kaupapa here moni nui. Ka rite ki te māngai o te Federal Reserve Bernanke ko te tino tohunga ōhanga o te motu, me i ana kupu i te pānga i runga i te hokohoko kararehe me te tāra. I roto i tona tikanga rite tiamana o te Reserve Pūnaha Federal ko te tangata tino nui i roto i te United States, a reira i roto i te ōhanga ao.

Mahi Tiamana o te Reserve Federal

Ahakoa te meka i e te whakamāramatanga, me te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa here moni, kua te Komiti Federal i runga i ngā mahi mākete tuwhera, te heamana whangai ngā e te mata. Mai i whakaritea e ia mo wha nga tau, kua tūmanakohia reira e ko te reira atu motuhake atu i te e pā ana pōtitia nei he haepapa ki te kaipōti. taea tenei te whangai ki te mahi i roto i te wā roa, nui atu i te tauhohe i ki tenge tōrangapū wā-poto. Utauta te whangai, pērā i te auau moni e hānga ana, āta mahi, mo te ono marama. Ko te ōhanga US he rite Me he kaipuke nui i te aronga whakamua. kaupapa here moni "mutu-haere" arata'i ki te papu ore, e ko tetahi o nga take matua o te stagflation o nga 1970.

Raruraru o 2008 pa o

Ki te te te tino auaha tono Bernanke te taputapu e wātea ana ki a ia. tiamana o mua whakamahia anake te auau moni e hānga ana - te whakatairanga i te reira ki te mutu pikinga tuku iho ki te ārai i tētahi hekenga ōhanga ranei. I roto i te wā i Mahuru 2007 ki Hakihea 2008 kaha heke Bernanke te auau 10 wa i 5.25% ki te 0%.

Otiia kihai i reira nui ki te whakahoki i te tere o pareparenga, kanakana kau i muri i te taunoa o mokete subprime. Kua ēnei taurewa anōtia ka hokona rite peeke mōkete-tautokona kia uaua e tangata tino kore i taea e feruri i roto i te hunga i te nama kino.

Ka rite ki te hua, kua mutu pareparenga moni ki wā-poto, e te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana rite te ara ki te whakatutuki i ngā rāhui o te whangai. I roto i te whakautu a Bernanke ki ratou e māhorahora, tuku iho ngä päpätanga huamoni, me te hopea, kua homai e ia he taurewa i roto i te matapihi hekenga.

A, no te kahore i taua nui, i roto i Hakihea 2007, i hanga e ia te pūtea TAF roto i tukua i te whangai pareparenga pirioni o tara, tango rite nama kino utu. i mahara TAF ki te waiho i te mehua rangitahi tae noa kahore e tuhituhi i te pūtahi pūtea atu nama kino, me ano timata ki te tuku moni ki tetahi ki tetahi. A, no te kore i tupu tenei, i whiwhi nui te TAF, pa tonu te tihi o $ 1 trillion i Pipiri 2008.

Ko te whakaoranga o te pūnaha pūtea ao

i te mahi Bernanke ki tahatika pokapū huri noa te ao ki te whakahoki tere, ka piri hokohoko nama. nui haere ia overnights me hangaia ngā rārangi Huri nama wā-poto e ki te pupuri i te take o US moni ka hoko ki ētahi atu whenua ki te 180 piriona tāra. tika tenei i te mea tīmata te pareparenga ki mataku tōkena moni. i wehi ki te tuku moni ki tahi i te tahi no te mea kihai ratou i hiahia ki te noho ki i takea mai i mokete subprime ratou.

I roto i te Aperira 2008, tū te Federal Reserve Tiamana Ben Bernanke tona wātū faahiahia tuatahi o te 30 tau whakamutunga ki te kī Bear Stearns taurewa kia e taea e JP Morgan hoko ratou. Ko taea ki te karo i te taunoa i te nui o te 10 trillion tara, puritia nei e Bear Stearns, a kua taea nga pareparenga mo ki ētahi marama aue ki te tauturu. I roto i II sq. I roto i te tau 2008 ka tupu te ōhanga, me te tokomaha whakaaro e ka mutu te kino.

Otiia i roto i te Mahuru 2008, nui kamupene inihua o te ao AIG kauwhautia te kaihau taea. AIG Worldwide inihua e te mokete loans o Tiriona o tara. Ki te rahua te kamupene, e kua whara pēke ia, pūtea taiepa me te pūtea penihana rite i te rawa peeke mōkete-tautokona. ka mea a Bernanke whakapataritari tautoko AIG ia neke atu i tetahi atu i roto i te ōhanga. ka mau tūponotanga AIG i runga i ngā hua kore-whakaritea, pērā i te whakawhiti nama taunoa, te whakamahi i policyholders moni taupori.

faaino

Kua whakahē maha lawmakers me economists te "Helicopter Ben," mo te werohanga ki te ōhanga o maha Tiriona o tara, e taea e meinga pea pikinga me he hua i roto i te tarahu. whakahengia etahi reira i roto i te meka e ia tika kihai i ite i te ōhanga. Kei te whakatupato ia ki huna o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki pareparenga e kua riro ake ki $ 2 trillion te TAF loans. Kua karangatia e Rep Ron Pol me ētahi atu mo te arotake whangai ki te whakaatu єtih ingoa finansovіh o pūtahi. Ben Bernanke, nga arotake o e kore i tino whakapati maha legislators, kihai raua whiwhi anō-whakarite i roto i te Hānuere 2010. Otiia i Mitt reira ki humarie.

Life muri whakatā

I muri noa iho i te rīhainatanga ka haere mai tetahi pukapuka o haamana'oraa e pā ana ki te raruraru, me ona mau hopearaa, te kaituhi o i ko Ben Bernanke. "Itoito ki Ture" whakaahua ana te wā o tona tikanga i te matenga o te whangai, me kei hoki te whaki e he kore ia he Republican no ko ia ngenge o "predisposition o ngā mema o tenei rōpū ki te kuware o te tika tino." E ai ki a ia, tenei ra ko reira he whakaaro āhua, me te motuhake noho na i roto i te heke mai.

I tua atu, ko ia te kaituhi o te maha ngā pukapuka i runga i te ōhanga, tae atu:

• "Nunu'a Non-moni o te raruraru pūtea i roto i te whakatö o te Topatariraa Rahi"
• "Macroeconomics o te Topatariraa Rahi"
• "Pikinga i ngā: haapiiraa o Experience International"
• pukapuka "Macroeconomics" (Ben Bernanke, Endryu Apera).

I roto i te Hui-tanguru 2014 ka e ia he mema tonu hōnore o te Brookings Institution. Tohutohu Hutchins Center i whakamōhio te iwi whānui e pā ana ki te kaupapa here pupirikana me monitarnoy me whakatairanga tona whai huatanga.

Ben Bernanke: biography

I whanau Bernanke i 13/12/53 i Augusta (GA), a tupu ake i roto i Dillon (South Carolina). Ko te rongoā papa o Ben, ko tona whaea, - he kaiako.

I tau 12, riro ia te whakataetae takikupu kāwanatanga mō te matauranga. Ua haapii ia ia tuanaki pārōnaki me te wāhi, mai i ngaro i tona kura i tēnei kaupapa. takaro hoki Ben altsaksofone.

puta ia i te Faculty o Economics i Harvard University (1975), ka riro mai tana Ph.D. i MIT (1979).

Ben Bernanke ko tana wahine Anna i whai hoa Mei 29, 1978 a ratou rua tamariki.

ka anga ia e whakaako economics i Stanford University, te wahi mahi ia i roto i 1979-1985, aua. ahorangi tonu, ka ia i roto i 1985, ka oho ia ki University Princeton, a ka mahi i rite te orometua toro i University New York me MIT. Kua whakaputaina e ia whānui i runga i te whānuitanga o ngā take ōhanga, i roto i te Vol. H. I te kaupapa o macroeconomics, kaupapa here moni, te Topatariraa Rahi me i te huringa pakihi.

riro ia he Guggenheim Fellowship me te Sloan Foundation, a i roto i te tau 2001 ka ētita o "Arotake Economic American". Ko te tau e whai ake nei i whakaritea e ia he mema o te Poari o Kawana a te whangai, a ka mohiotia hoki tona rangahau tino, me hautoa ina rerekē whakaaro i roto i te kawana. ka kitea te mana tōrangapū Bernanke i roto i te tīmatanga o 2005, i whakaritea e ia Tiamana o te peresideni Poari i runga i ngā take ohaoha.

I roto i 2009, "Time" makasini huaina ia te tangata o te Tau.

rapunga whakaaro

ko iti waha atu i Greenspan, e korero auau i runga i ngā kaupapa e kore e pā ana ki te kaupapa here moni, tae atu ki te kōrero i runga i te tarepa pūtea me motu tāke Ben Bernanke. I hoki ia he tautoko kaha o te atu mārama te Rahui Pūnaha Federal, e mārama titore reira i "fedyaza" Greenspan, e whakamahia ia ki ngā mākete kihai overreacted ki ana kōrero.

Source o ngā mōhiohio, e taea ki te tiki i te whakaaro e pā ana ki te rapunga whakaaro whaiaro, taunaki e Ben Bernanke - pukapuka me kōrero ohanga.

pikinga ngā

Ben Bernanke, te whangai ke te akoranga o te wa i timata Greenspan ki te whakatū i ūnga tau motuhake mō te pikinga. Ahakoa maha pareparenga Pākehā, tae atu i te Bank o Ingarangi me te Pākehā Central Bank, whakaturia ngā taumata motuhake, kihai i te United States, a kihai a Greenspan he kaitautoko o te huarahi taua.

I roto i nga ra wawe o Bernanke enei rerekētanga taumauri me stylistic taketake ki Greenspan whakaohokia te mākete. Ko te taea o neke ki te kaupapa here o te aronga māharahara etahi kaitätari, pera e kore kua Greenspan tamata ki te pupuri i te bet mārō. whakakorea tenei na ma◊ua i ka mutu Bernanke haehae tau motuhake.

Mai reira kua tonu ia te kaupapa o te maia nui o te whangai, tautautefito ki he taimi i te mutunga o 2007 nui haere te auau o matapae. timata te Reserve Federal ki te whakaputa matapae toru marama mō te tipu ōhanga me utu, whakaritea ki te mua āhua-ā-tau. ka anga ano e ratou ki te taupoki ana i te wā-tau toru, whakaritea ki e rua nga tau i mua.

deflation

Ko te ako Benom Bernanke te Topatariraa Rahi a Hare i roto ia ia i te moni no te oraraa taatoa i roto i te pānga o te deflation me tona pānga i runga i te oraraa o te iwi. riro ano ia he kaha whakakonekone ki deflation me te kaha aronga i runga i tona ārai.

Ana mana'o no ni'ai tenei whakawāteatia ka hoatu e ia i roto i te Whiringa 2002 te kupu ui "deflation:. Me pēhea te ki te whakarite i tona ngaro" tuku ia ki te whakaaro o te ohanga Milton Friedman e pā ana ki maturuturu moni ki te ōhanga ki te waka. Te whakanui ake i te tere o te mākete i te whakanui ake i te wātea o te moni mō ngā kaitono e me raro auau huamoni mō te tarahu tupu āwhina whakaongaonga i te ōhanga, me te aukati i te pēhanga deflationary. Heoi, i roto i te horopaki o te hui, ko reira ki te whakaatu i te raupapa o ngā taputapu whangai e kua reira i ona tikanga, ara i raro i ngā āhuatanga o te kore auau.

pikinga

I ngunguru pēhanga deflationary mā te whakanui ake i te supply o te moni e taea te whai i te hua mārama inflationary, e kore te auraa i te reira e hoohonutanga Bernanke pikinga. tautoko ia ia ngā i roto i te tikanga ki te tiaki i te taumata āhua iti, me te pūmau ki te whakatairanga tupu ōhanga tauwhiro.

Ben Bernanke (kāri mariko): arotake

Ko te ingoa hoki o te ohanga rangatira nei i kawe mai te pūnaha pūtea ao i te raruraru, kihai i kore ki te tango i te rawa o te fraudsters. "Tapeke" mo 444 moni, fafau ratou ki te utu i 2-59 mano. Moni. E haere tahi ana te tohutohu i te ataata, e korero o Ben Bernanke. mahere Mariko, e taea te kitea arotake o nei i runga i te Internet - he pūnaha o withdrawals tinihanga i tangata heahea. Me te kahore atu.

Ben Bernanke - Economist - pai matau i roto i te pānga o te Topatariraa Rahi, tetahi o te US nui kino pūtea, me tona kāhua i i hanga e te tau o te mahi i roto i te Rahui Pūnaha Federal. tonu tona whakarite te akoranga whakatakotoria e tona papa, a ka i pai riro e te mākete pūtea, mai te mea te kī ki to ratou pūmautanga te tonu o te tiamana o te whangai.