Kauae runga: hanganga, mahi me te taea kino

whakaritea hanganga tika me kaha whaiaroaro o whēkau me te kopa o te mata tangata katoa te hauora kore anake te ahua, engari ano hoki. He aha ine taea e i roto i te whanaketanga o te kauae runga, me te kawenga mō te aha taua mana?

Tautautefito i te hanganga o te kauae runga

Ko te kauae o runga - wheua o korohū, i ngā o te tinana, me te wha tukanga. Paetata i roto i te wahi mua o runga o te mata angaanga, ka kawe ai ki te wheua whāhauhau, e tika ana ki te meka e te mea he kōhao, kapi katoa ki te mucosa.

Ko te tukanga e whai ake nei o te kauae runga, e ka tona ingoa i te tauwāhi:

• tukanga frontal;
• tukanga zygomatic;
• pūtake wheua;
• wheua palatal.

tukanga Avilable

Ano, E wha papa te tinana kauae runga: ko te mua, orbital, infratemporal me te nasal.

Mata tapatoru orbital i roto i te āhua, maheni ki te pa, me te paku tītaha whakamua - hanga i te taiepa o te āmionga (āmionga).

Ko te mata mua o te tinana kauae paku piko, e iriti te reira tika ki te whakatuwheratanga ophthalmic i raro i kei te te fossa rei.

mata nasal i roto i tona hanganga - he hanganga matatini. He te kapiti maxillary, e arata'i ki te pakohu maxillary.

hanga hoki tukanga Zygomatic te hanganga kauae o runga, me te mahi o nei whakawhirinaki i runga i te mahi noa o ngā tukanga me papa katoa.

Mahi me ngā āhuatanga motuhake

He aha ngā tukanga i roto i te tinana, me te angaanga e taea tīmata huringa pathological i roto i te hanganga me te mahi o wheua?

Ko te kauae o runga, ko te kawenga mō te maha o ngā tukanga:

• Whai wāhi i roto i te mahi o te ngangau, tohatoha te kawenga i runga i nga niho o te kauae runga.
• Whakatau te tūnga tika o nga tukanga katoa.
• hanga te reira i te kōhao mo te mangai, me te ihu, me o ratou pātaki.

tukanga pathological

Ko te kauae o runga no te mea o tona hanganga, me te aroaro o te pakohu he nui māmā ki raro, tona rōrahi ko e pā ana ki te 5 cm ^3, no te mea ki te tupono noa kino nga piki wheua.

Kauae iho whakaritea e te meka e hanumi te u ki te toenga o nga wheua o te angaanga.

I roto i te huringa pathologic taea rawa noa ko te whatinga o te kauae (runga raro ranei). Whara rongoa runga he nui māmā ake i nga wheua o te kauae raro, no te mea he reira, i te viivii ore o tona hanganga, me te wāhi, e kore e neke e accelerates mahi whakaora i o tona wheua.

I tua atu ki nga mea katoa o piere me dislocations, i roto i te whakamātautau i te niho taea kitea he tukanga karapoti, ki te whēwhē o te kauwae, e titau pokanga tango i te reira.

Ko te tinana e he kauae runga te pakohu maxillary, e ka tika tukinotia niho (a kore anake) kia riro matia me reira Sinusitis - tetahi kauae tukanga pathological.

supply Toto. innervation

Perfusion kauae maxillary he iatuku tika me ona manga. Niho pūtake wheua innervated e te karere trigeminal, me te ake āta - te peka maxillary.

A, no te kia horahia mumura trigeminal mamae kanohi ranei ki niho tino hauora, e arata'i ki puta te tātaritanga teka, me te tahi mau taime noa tangohanga hape o te niho i runga i te kauae runga.

Kēhi o te tātaritanga hē atu auau, no te mea e kapea tikanga atu o te whakamātautau, me te ti'aturi anake i runga i te mau mana'o tuakiri o te manawanui, te tākuta rite tūponotanga hauora o te manawanui, me te tona ingoa.

Āhuatanga o te niho i runga i te kauae o runga

he tokomaha raro rite te kauae o runga kua o niho. Ko te niho o te kauae runga, ranei, kaua ratou pakiaka, kua ratou rerekētanga, e te hunga i roto i to ratou nui, me te aronga.

E ai ki ngā tatauranga, niho te whakaaro i roto i te kauwae puia tuatahi me te ake maha i te taha ki matau.

Mai te wheua kauae o runga he raro nui te kikokore, me nga extractions he ona ake peculiarities me tikanga pupuri motuhake. Hoki tenei whakaaro, Dental kuku hoki te tango niho i roto i te kauae o runga, e kua ingoa tetahi - te bayonet.

Ki te muku koe e taea e te whati pakiaka he puta no te mea te kauae o runga, e kore nei e hanganga tukua ki te tono i te kaha hiahia tikanga atu o te tātaritanga i te aroaro o ngā tukanga hāparapara. Nuinga o ngā wā kawea i roto i taua tono i roto X-ray whakamātautau - orthopantomography tomography computed o te tinana o te kauae ranei.

tafa

E titau te tango o te kauae runga, me pehea ki te whakahoki mahi noa i muri pokanga?

mohiotia tukanga Vauvauhia i roto i te niho te rite maksillektomiya.

Ko te tohu mo te pokanga e:

• puku mārere i roto i te tinana o te kauwae me ona konga, me pathological ihu kiko ururua hoki, sinuses paranasal me te mangai.
• puku mārire ai hoki, i te whanaketanga whakamua, hei he kupu whakahoki ki te tango i te tinana o te kauae runga.

he maha o contraindications tukanga maksillektomii kua:

• ma'i Tapeke manawanui, whakapeka mate hopuhopu, mate motuhake o te kauae runga, i roto i te wā whakapeka, me i te atamira o te exacerbation.
• A, no te he tohatoha nui o tukanga pathological ka kore e waiho te mahi he taahiraa whakatakotoria i roto i te maimoatanga o te mate, engari pikaunga anake te manawanui mate pukupuku.

manawanui mate pukupuku te pokanga ko te rangahau tuatahi tino hāngai i tāutu i ētahi atu abnormalities i roto i te tinana o te manawanui, me te te whakamāramatanga o localization o te pukupuku.

I mua i mahi mehua tātaritanga te hītori oti, e hāngai ana ki haamaramaramaraa i te āhuatanga etiologic me predisposition ira.

I mua tetahi ngā tukanga hāparapara Me hoki ki te mamae i te whakamātautau tonu, me te tahi atu tohunga. Tenei, runga ake katoa, ophthalmologist - he kanohi mo te āhua o ratou mahi noa whakatau, me te taea o te pōauautanga i muri i te pokanga.

Ko te kauae o runga kua runga i tona tinana i te poka kanohi me te pakohu nasal, no te mea o ratou rangahau tonu kawea i te aroaro o maksillektomiey whakahauanga.

I tua atu, i mua i pokanga tūtohutia te ki te hanga i te tomography o te matenga, me te kaki, e whakapiki i te pikitia whānui o te manawanui me te taea atu mārama kite te wāhi o te tukanga puku.

I roto i te mahi, kia tupu te reira pōauautanga - whati o te kauae (runga) ranei e taea te pāngia e te karere kanohi i te āhuatanga he. Ka taea e tetahi pōauautanga pā te whanaketanga o te repara, no te mea o maksillektomii - ko te mōrearea mo te āhua o te manawanui pukupuku.

malformations congenital

Ka taea te pakaru te kauae o runga i roto i te utero, e tika ana ki te malformations o te kauae me te mata katoa.

He aha i taea e te take mo tona whanaketanga rerekē i mua i whanau?

• predisposition ira. Kia kore ai tenei he taea, engari ki te maimoatanga orthodontic me orthopedic tika i muri i whanau e taea fakatonutonu deformities congenital, me te whakahoki i te mahi noa o te kauae runga.
• Wharanga roto i te hapūtanga pēpi e taea te huri i te akoranga o te hapūtanga whaiaroaro, me te kaha ai huringa pathological, e e tino whai wāhi ki te kauae runga. peu kino whaea me te whakamahi o etahi rongoā i roto i hapūtanga hoki e taea e te take whakatakotoria i roto i te takanga o abnormalities congenital.

momo o pathologies

I roto i te tukanga pathological matua e pa ana i te whanaketanga o te kauae, tuku:

• kōhikohiko tuku (kōhikohiko e ara ake i roto i embryonic whanaketanga o te kukune) - kapiti kanohi unilateral më ranei, microgeny, oti ranei wāhanga edentulous (ngaro niho), hypoplasia o ihu me sinuses, me ētahi atu.
• pūnaha niho deformation taputapu, i ahu i roto i te whanaketanga o te kauae raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga kino: endogenous exogenous ranei.
• tukanga deformation Tuarua taputapu dentoalveolar, e ara ake rite ki te hua o te pānga ngaukino i runga i nga whekau o te angaanga kanohi, a hoki e tika ana ki te pohehe o te pokanga, radiation therapy me te hahau mo te mate pukupuku.

kōhikohiko niho. edentia

Ko te pathologies niho tino auau i runga i te kauae o runga kia whakahuatia adentia i, i runga i te take rānei, he he kanohi (a muri ake nei niho) me oti (ngaro o te niho).

Ko hoki reira ētahi wā taea ki te mau i te kaupapa distal o te taputapu ki te hanganga o te diastema teka.

Hoki māuiuitanga tātaritanga e whakaratohia ana e te whakamahi i te whakamātautau X-ray (orthopantomography) e tino tika whakaatu te wāhi me te take o te māuiuitanga.

kauae deformation ki niho tāpiri - te putanga taea o te tukanga pathological e haamata i roto i te whanaketanga utero o te kukune. E kia uta e te aroaro o anō niho, e kore e nei te whakatutuki i tetahi mahi i roto i te tukanga o te ngaungau?

Ko te aroaro o niho tāpiri ki te hiwi kauae o te kauae runga e taea whakapataritari tona deformation. Tenei ai tupu nui o te pūtake wheua, e paa kino kore anake te whakaritenga tika o nga niho, engari ano hoki i runga i te whanaketanga whaiaroaro o te kauae runga.

Prevention o kōhikohiko, ka pakaru kauae

Ngā nui i te tau wawe ki te whai i te whanaketanga o te pūnaha kauae mamae whakamātautau auau i te niho, me te hamani mate katoa o te kōhao-waha.

I roto i te aroaro o te wāhi kitea o te tamaiti o kōhikohiko tupu o niho ranei kia haere tonu te whakamātautau whānui, a kahore i te tākuta anake, engari he tafe'anga, toketā neave. I te tahi taime kōhikohiko i roto i te whanaketanga o te kauae e pā ana ki te huru whānui waimaero.

kua maimoatanga o kōhikohiko congenital kua he manga o te niho, ano he niho tāpiki, e tuatapapa i te mahi noa o te whekau o te mangai, me te tātaritanga me te whakatika ine pathological i te täkupu. Kei te pai mahi maimoatanga i te wawe tau, no te mea ki te whakaroa haerenga ki te tākuta ki te aroaro o te hū o o nga niho ranei kahore he tika te oti te whakangaromanga o te kauae.

hauora-waha - he matua ki te mahi tika o te pūnaha kūnatu me te romahā, me te he tuatahi, o te hauora hinengaro o te tamaiti me te whanaketanga noa. Ko te take hinengaro whai kore tūranga iti i roto i tenei mea, kia rite ki te mata o te tangata - ko reira tona kāri piiraa. Rere deformation ahua disfiguring waiho te tohu i runga i te āhua psycho-aronganui, me whakaputa he plurality o wehi, me phobias, tae noa ki kāwanatanga sociopathic.

kai tōtika Totonu, kai maro kai, akuaku kouma, me te rerenga parukore - te kī ki te whanaketanga hauora o te kauae runga, me whekau katoa o te kōhao-waha.