Keno haurokuroku ki te pau me te whakaora. Ko te keno haurokuroku ki pau - te tātai

Ki te hua i roto i te moni o tetahi tangata tīmata ki te noho atu i runga i te tahi mea ki te whakaora. e mea he e i roto i te mahi, he mea katoa tino ohie - atu moni, te tikanga, me te neke atu i te tetahi atu. I roto i te meka, he maha o ngā ariā, ariā, tātai rerekē me ngā hononga e Te whakaahua, tātai me te whakamārama i tēnei āhuatanga i te ōhanga kua. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te keno ki pau (haurokuroku, toharite), ki te whakaora, Keynesian ture hinengaro taketake, me pera i runga i. D. Knowledge me te māramatanga o nga ngā ohaoha, me te hanga taea reira ki te aromatawai i rerekē te ari mua, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki o ratou take, me ture te ture, ki e arahi ratou.

kaiwhakarewa

Ko te ariā o "keno haurokuroku ki pau me te whakaora," puta i roto i te 20-30 tau. te rau tau whakamutunga. Tona ariā ohaoha whakaurua i roto i te pakeha Dzhon Meynard Keyns. I raro i te kohi tā reira te whakamahi i te whānuitanga o ngā taonga ki te whakatau i te mau hinaaro pae tino, pae varua takitahi ranei o tetahi tangata rōpū o tangata ranei. Tiaki rite Keynes kua whakaritea te wahi o te moni e kore i i pau i runga i te kohi, a kua puritia kua i roto i te tikanga ki te kia whakamahia i roto i te heke mai ki te pai painga. heheu hoki te ohanga taketake ture hinengaro, kia rite ki nei ki te tupu o te moni, me te kohi tika faarahi te rahi (roa whānuitanga o taonga, kua whakakapia taonga cheap e atu te utu, a na i runga i. D.), Ko e kore e rite ki nohopuku (e kore e hautanga). I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e tango te tangata i te atu i te rōpū o te iwi, te atu ratou noho, engari ano hoki te nui te nui i mahue ratou mo penapena. I runga i tona ariā, whakawhanakehia Keynes ngā ariā pērā i keno toharite, me te haurokuroku ki pau (te tātai ki te tātai i te reira, rawa, ka mawehe atu), me te keno toharite, me te haurokuroku ki te whakaora me te tikanga o tona tātaitanga. I tua atu, kua tāutuhia te ohanga tairanga, ka pumau te maha o ngā hononga i waenganui i ēnei ariā.

tātaitanga o te kohi

keno haurokuroku ki te pau he rite ki te ōwehenga o ngā rerekētanga i roto i te kohi ki huringa i roto i te moni. Ko reira he hautanga o te huringa i roto i te kiritaki moni ia waeine o moni, i arahina ki a ratou. Tirohia ki tenei ariā ko te tikanga i roto i pukapuka Latin MPC - whakarāpopototanga keno haurokuroku ki pau. rite tenei titiro te tātai:

MPC = Huringa i roto i ngā rerekētanga kohi / moni.

tātaitanga o penapena

Just rite te hehema ki pau keno haurokuroku ki te whakaora i ngā huringa ki te ōwehenga tatau ki penapena i roto i ngā huringa moni. faaite te reira i te rahi o ngā huringa kararehe, e hinga ki runga ki ia wae moni o te moni atu. I roto i te tuhinga, tohu tenei ariā MPS - whakarāpopototanga keno haurokuroku ki te tiaki. Te tātai i roto i tenei take, ko te rite whai:

MPS = Huringa huringa penapena / moni.

tauira

Tātaitanga o tohu pērā i te keno haurokuroku ki pau tetahi penapena, he tino ohie.

He whakamārama: kohi whānau Ivanov i Oketopa 2016 i 30 000, me te i roto i te Whiringa - 35 000 moni. riro Income i Oketopa 2016, te tau rite ki te 40 mano moni, me i Whiringa - 60 000 moni.

Tiaki 1 = 40 000 - 30 000 = 10 000 moni.

Tiaki 2 = 60 000 - 35 000 = 25 000 moni.

MPC = 35 000 -30 000/60 000 - 40 000 = 0.25.

MPS = 25 000 - 10 000/60 000 - 40 000 = 0.75.

Ko te kupu, mo te hapu o Ivanov:

Rahui keno ki pau rite ki te 0.25.

Rahui keno ki te whakaora rite ki te 0.75.

Ngā hononga me te ririki

Rahui keno ki pau me te whakaora ia wae moni te whakamahi i te raraunga tuatahi taua me huihuia ki kotahitanga. whai te reira e kore e taea e tetahi o enei uara rite ki te hua o te tātai e nui ake i 1. kore, e hiahia ana koe ki te titiro mō ngā hapa ranei haupūtanga i roto i te raraunga taketake.

I tua atu ki te moni mo enei tohu, a taea atu āhuatanga pānga:

• Taonga putu e whare (peeke, hoko whare). Te atu ratou rahi, te raro te taumata o penapena, me te teitei te kohi. Kei te meinga te reira me te utu o te tiaki o te taonga, a ka mau tonu i te tetahi paerewa o ora, me te ngaro o te hiahia whakapeka mō te poutohu.
• Ko te tupu o te momo o takoha me utu, a ka taea e nui whakaiti i te nui o penapena, me te nui o te moni.
• Ko te hua i roto i te supply i roto i te mākete whai wāhi ki te tupu o te kohi me te, no reira, whakaiti i te taumata o te haaputuputuraa. Ngā meinga whakapeka e te putanga o te hua hou ratonga ranei (rite ki te hua o te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau), no te mea i reira te mea he tono hou kihai i e te tīariari i mua.
• tūmanako Economic taea tīmata tupu rite kotahi tohu, me te tuarua. Hei tauira, te tumanako o te ara i roto i te utu o tetahi hua e taea meinga kohi nui o ona hua (billets mo te heke mai), e kua he pānga tōraro i runga i te rakau.
• Ohorere hua nui i roto i utu i roto i ngā ara pānga te kohi, me te faaoraraa o rerekē rōpū pāpori.

Āhuatanga tātari

He maha ngā ngā e kia tangohia ki pūkete i roto i te tātari o tohu pērā i te keno ki pau ko te rohe, me te ki te whakaora. He aha e enei ngā? Tuatahi, ki te he tata kotahi te keno haurokuroku ki pau, ka i reira ko te kore o te moni te taumata iti o te tupu whakaritea ki te tupu o te mau hinaaro pae tino, me te wairua ranei. Nuinga o ngā wā, ko tenei pikitia i roto i te whenua te whakawhanake ki öhanga he pakarukaru, ranei i roto i wā o mōrearea pūtea, me te ōhanga.

Tuarua, ko te tātaitanga o te tohu mō te takitahi mau utuafare ranei mo te ōhanga ahumahi mōhiohio iti ranei, na reira kei te maha whakaaro he huinga etahi o te kohi me te penapena (whare, ngā rōpū pāpori, a na i runga i. D.). I te wa ano oaoa i te maha o kai o te ariā Keynesian. Hei tauira, te kohi ko te mahi o te moni tuku.

e kore e rua wā (rite tohua i roto i te tauira tātaitanga), me ngā uara i runga i ngā wā roa o te wā tohu Tuatoru, Kei te te tikanga e whakamahia ana te anga matou. Na kauwhata whakaatu i te hua, taea atu e ngā tūhura me te tātari i te akiaki. E huaina Vanuatu, mahi Keynesian me pinepine puta i roto i te tātari o ngā ari ohaoha.