Ko te ariā o te whakawhanaunga i roto i te mātauranga tikanga pāpori

I roto i te anthropology pāpori i te ariā o te whakawhanaunga i te reira i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19 no o te ōhanga tōrangapū, a ka whakamahia ai i roto i te pā ana ki te tikanga o te hanga, me ētahi atu I te tuatahi tono te reira ki te tangata o te sociologist American Franklin H. Giddings, tera e te whakangungu wā ki te ora te tangata i roto i te hapori, i te whanaketanga o tona huru me te āhua pāpori.

Roa i mua i te whānuitanga o te wā "whakawhanaunga" o pūtaiao paanga i roto i te pātai o te whanaketanga tangata rite te mema o te hapori whakamahi. Ka rite ki te roa rite kore i te ariā whakawhanaunga tangohia āhua rite te rangahau mara pūtaiao motuhake, i whakatutukitia tenei take hei wāhanga o ētahi atu, take whānui o te rapunga whakaaro me ētahi atu pūtaiao.

Kia i roto i te waenganui o te rautau 20, kua tomo te ariā o te whakawhanaunga ki te whakamahi pūtaiao, ka he kaupapa motuhake o te rangahau mō ngā sociologists, kaimātai hinengaro, philosopho me ngä. Tuatahi, i roto i to ratou rangahau, kua arotahi kaiputaiao anake i runga i te wāhanga o te tamarikitanga, taure'are'araa me te taitamarikitanga. Ko anake i roto i te 60raa o timata te rau tau 20 ki te ako pehea te whakawhanaunga o ngā pakeke, me te kaumātua. Ka rite ki te hua o te mutunga te tohanga o pūtaiao i roto i enei rōpū tau kihai i putu te nui rawaka o te rauemi rangahau.

tukanga whakawhanaunga wāhitau he momo o pūtaiao. Hei tauira, ako kaipūtaiao pāpori te pā ana o ngā tukanga whakawhanaunga ki te hanganga pāpori o te hapori. whakamārama hinengaro pāpori te pānga i runga i te whakawhanaunga o rerekē subcultures, whakahaere, me ētahi atu

Ko te whakawhanaunga o te ako, i reira e rua ngā huarahi:

1. huarahi Subject-kaupapa, whakapono e te tangata ia ia, ko te mana kaha i runga i to ratou whakawhanaunga me te hapori e kore anake me ona nei māngai rōpū pāpori.
2. huarahi Ahanoa-kaupapa, whakapono e te tangata i te tamarikitanga wawahi taiao pāpori, e ngana ana ki te hanga i tona ake "image me te ahua" nei kaitautoko.

Ki te tangohia e tatou rite te pūtake o te huarahi kaupapa-kaupapa, ka taea te tukinotia te ariā o te whakawhanaunga rite tango wahi i roto i te tukanga o te absorption me te uri o te huringa ahurea me te whanaketanga tangata. Whaiaro-panoni me te whanaketanga tangata tei runga i tona pāhekoheko ki tikanga ngā o te ora, i te tamarikitanga i roto i tau tawhito.

Ko te kupu, ko te ngako o te whakawhanaunga ko te hononga tukutahi o urutaunga tangata me tona wehe i roto i te hapori ngā.

Ka rite ki te hua, taha-rua mahi o pāpori tiaki me te urutaunga o te tumu parau whakatika. kōrero te reira e pāpāho pāpori e hāngai ratou tūmanako me ngā whakaritenga e pā ana ki te tuakiri o tona whanonga i roto i te hapori, waiaro. I te wa ano, me fakafekau'aki iwi ratou kerēme ki o ratou āheinga, me ki te mo'oni o te taiao i roto i nei ora ai ia. Ko roto i riro te tukanga o huri te tangata he oranga pāpori.

Wehenga - i runga i te anga ke, te tukanga o te wehenga o te takitahi i roto i te hapori, e whakatika i nga hiahia o te takitahi i to ratou ake whakaaro, uara, aroha; Me kahore wawaotanga ki te whakaoti ngā take whaiaro; Me ki te whakakore i aua āhuatanga e ārai i tona iteraa te. Ko te reira i roto i te tukanga o te wehenga o te tangata riro tuakiri.

Mai i te runga ake riro te reira mārama e te ariā o te whakawhanaunga titau te ā, papā kore tino resolvable i waenganui i te mehua o te taratahi tangata i roto i te hapori, me te urutaunga tangata ki reira. Ki ka mau whakawhanaunga wahi tōtika, me whakaute reira he tetahi pauna i waenganui i wehe me te urutaunga.

Ko te pai te ariā pērā o whakawhanaunga ki te tikanga kaupapa-tuakiri anake. Ko te ariā o te whakawhanaunga i roto i te tikanga ahanoa-tuakiri whakaaro te urutaunga tangata i roto i te hapori, te pāpori tona hanganga.

Āhuatanga o whakawhanaunga i roto i te ao hou whakawhirinaki i runga i te āhuatanga o te hapori i roto i nei whakawhanaunga e wahi.