Ko te awa o te Arctic Ocean: te Dvina Northern, Pechora, Ob

Kei te e rerengia ana e te awa katoa o te Arctic Ocean roto i te rohe o Eurasia me Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. Hei tauira, he awa American nui Mackenzie. E aparau teie tuhinga etahi o nga awa o te Arctic Ocean i Russia, i roto ia ratou i reira e te iatuku wai nui o te ao. I tua atu, e pā ana ki e ono tekau-rima ōrau o te rerenga wai o to tatou whenua no ki te takotoranga wai o te Arctic Ocean. I roto ia ratou, mai te takoha nui i awa pērā i te Pechora, Northern Dvina, Ob, Khatanga, Yenisey, Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka me te tini ke atu.

Āhuatanga o te awa o te Arctic Ocean

rere ēnei awa e tata ana te moana puta noa i nga mania me mania. No te mea te wahapū o ratou marino, a ki runga ki te ara i reira he kore tutukitanga ngā. E hipoki Basin o te Arctic Ocean mo te wa tino roa ki te tio. Te whakatutuki i te nuinga hukarere me te ua. I roto i te puna, i reira te mea he taumata wai ara o 10-15 mita. Ko tenei e tika ana ki te meka i te awa o te Arctic Ocean rere te nuinga ki te raki, me te rewa te tio awa i muri atu i roto i te runga. Na reira hua jams me pāpuni tio.

Northern Dvina

Northern Dvina awa te maua e ona wai i roto i nga whenua o nga kaupapa e rua o te Federation Russian - Arkhangelsk me Vologda rohe. rere ana te awa nui ki te moana White, e oroko ki nga wai o te Arctic Ocean. Ia "parakore" roa o 0.7 mano kiromita, me Sukhona - .. 1.3 mano km, a ki te whakaaro tahi ki Vychegda -. Na 1.8 mano km.

Awa Delta noho he wāhi nui, totoro atu ki runga ki te rohe o te roa 37 me te whanui o te 45 kiromita. Tenei motumotuhia te awa ki maha takere me karekau (rau e rima tekau). Awa wai rere i te mangai, ko te toru me te hawhe mano mita pūtoru ia te rua.

Water tikanga o te Dvina Northern

Ko te momo matua o te kai, ko te hukarere. hipoki Northern Dvina awa e te potae tio i roto i te wā i te mutunga o Oketopa ki te tīmatanga o Noema, a te tukua i reira i roto i te wā i te tīmatanga o Paenga-whāwhā ki te tīmatanga o Mei. Ki te whakatuwheratanga o te awa i roto i te puna e maha jams waka, te huka tere tino tere.

Ko puna kaukau Northern Dvina awa nui, ko reira 360 mano. ^km2. Ko tōna kautawa matua ko te takotoranga wai Arctic Ocean: Pinega, Vychegda, Elitsa, Vaga me etahi atu. He neke atu i te 27 ngā momo ika.

Ko te tino tikanga tuku iho

Te mea faahiahia, he whakatere i te Dvina Northern tata katoa haere (te roa o arawai whakatere waka i ki maha takoha rima me te hawhe mano kiromita). Mai 1989 i runga i te awa mahi mahi pāhihi auau. Na tawhiti i roto i tona whakaata te wai rere te matamua i roto i te kaipuke Russian "Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol", heke i te shipyards hoki i roto i 1911.

Northern Dvina awa takaro he wāhi nui i roto i te tukanga o mua. Hei tauira, i roto i te mau ohipa whawhai 1812, ko ia, rite ki te whakaae kau faihisitōlia, tata te Russia hono anake ki Europe. A roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao i runga i te awa tū te wahi nui o te supply "moni-Rīhi" (hōia hangarau, taputapu me ngā rauemi tukua i Europe me te United States i te whawhai i roto i te Soviet Union). Ano, i ētahi wā e hītori huaina te awa "Gateway ki te Arctic", no te mea kua tīmata te awa i roto i te rohe Arctic ake atu i te rua rau ngā haerenga rangahau.

Pechora

rere ana te awa i roto i nga kaupapa e rua o te Federation Russian - Nenets motuhake Okrug me te Komi Republic. E haamata te reira i roto i te Urals Western toru takenga. E ai ki ngā whakatau tata, ko te roa o te awa i 1.7 ki te 1.9 mano kiromita. Na roto i te āhua o tona akoranga, wehea e toru nga wahi: runga, waenganui, me te raro.

Upper, Middle ko Lower Pechora

e kore te mea noho tangata, me te iti ako te roa Upper Pechora o 400 kiromita. I roto i tenei wahi o te awa he pūāhua motuhake o te maunga whakahuatia nei i roto i te rere tere, kōpiko teihana, takutai kohatu nui raorao awa kuiti hipoki tipu coniferous. Ko te whanui o te Upper Pechora pae i te 10 ki te 120 mita. E kore te mea hohonu te awa, pa e rua, me te hawhe mita.

Pechora Toharite - he wāhanga roa 1200 kiromita, i te mangai ki te mangai Volosyanitsy Tsilma. Tīmata ki Yashkinsky tauranga, riro whakatere te awa. whanui Pechory i roto i te wahi waenganui pae i 0.4 ki te 4 kiromita. I te wai iti i roto i te puroto awa i hanga e arai atu navigation.

Ko te raro wahi o te awa hora i runga i wha rau kiromita. Whakatika ki te mangai o te awa Shapkina he nehenehe te taha matau o te awa, me te mahue - pūāhua tutua. I muri, nga pareparenga e rua he mania ki te predominance o Tundra otaota. Wehikē i te kainga tīmata te raorao. He he maha nui o momona, motu iti (te nui rawa - 29). roa motu ko 30 kiromita. I te pūruatanga o te ngutu 20 e wehea ki te karekau awa.

whakamahi mahi

tuwhera mō te 120-170 ra Pechora, ngā whakamahia hoki kawe waka. E 80 takoha. Ko te peihana, ko te pā ana ki 19.500 kiromita tapawha. hī Pechora-whakawhanakehia, kawea hāmana hī i roto, pike, hopu, whitefish, hāmana ma, me te tahi atu momo.

Ob

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, ko te poka wai o te moana iti rawa o te whenua noho 65% e rua-hautoru o te Russian Federation ranei. Rivers e pā ana ki te Arctic Ocean, āhua nui, me te ki tonu-rerengia. Otiia e kore e taea te rite kahore tetahi o ratou ki te Ob. Ko te awa Siberian nui rawa tenei. arata'i ia i roto i rerenga wai katoa i roto i Eurasia. maka ia wai ratou awa e pā ana Arctic Ocean, pērā i Tom ko Irtysh, Biya, Katun.

E ai ki etahi kairangahau, te ingoa awa ahu i te kupu kei te "rua" no te mea te hanga e te reira i te taha o te pūruatanga o rua awa rawa nui - Biya me Katun. Ko te roa o ia i te hanumi moni ki 3,65 mano km, a ki te whakauru koe i te Irtysh -. 5,41 mano Km.. whakaaro ana tēnei awa ko ki hei te roa i roto i Russia. rere te reira ki te raki i te Moana Kara, hanga te roa o te Gulf o Ob (te roa Bay - e pā ana ki 800 kiromita).

faufaa Economic o te Ob

Ko te moenga awa haere i roto i rima rohe Russian, tae atu i te Territory Altai, Tomsk Region, te Novosibirsk Region, te Yamalo-Nenets me Khanty-Mansi motuhake District. He whakatere te awa. waka kaipuke auau runga pumau reira, mai 1844. I te 1895, kua haere te awa a tawhio noa 120 kaipuke.

Ob - Ko he palataisi mo inapō hī. Here, i roto i te maha nui o ika mua pērā i pike, kiwikiwi,, burbot, carp, tench, sturgeon, piharau, sturgeon, a, he tokomaha te tokomaha noa atu. E pā ana ki e rima tekau ngā momo, e rua tekau-rima o e he ngohengohe ki te hī tino (perch, ide, pike, tuna, dace, Bream, carp crucian, Roach, perch me ētahi atu).

tikanga Water, takoha

Ko te awa - mo te hukarere te nuinga, puta te rere matua i te wa o te waipuke puna. hipokina Ob e te pōtae tio mo 180-220 ra he tau. Pool Ko e pā ana ki 2.99 miriona km ^2, i runga i tenei tohu runga awa tuatahi i roto i Russia. nohoia Honore wahi tuatoru e reira i roto i ngā o te ihirangi wai, a ki te aroaro o reira i reira e taua awa e rere ki te Arctic Ocean, rite te Yenisei ko Lena.

I roto i te wahi tonga o te Ob ko te awa ki Novosibirsk rongonui ranei kia rite ki te nui ake nuitia huaina ai, te moana Ob, i te mea he ūnga tino o nga mano o tūruhi me kāinga. Ko te awa i waenganui i te Ob me te Yenisei, hanga i roto i te mutunga o te rautau tekau mā iwa, e kore te whakamahia i tēnei wā, ka whakarerea.

E 30 takoha nui, me te maha hunga iti obi. Ko te nui rawa o enei ko te Irtysh, tona roa ko te 4250 km, e te mea teitei ake i tona roa ake o te awa. hopoi mai ana tēnei tomonga ki te Ob te toharite o e toru mano mita pūtoru o te wai ia te rua.