Ko te hītori o 'Ofotokisií. Kupu Whakataki o te patriarchate i Russia

Ko tētahi o nga ngā tino nui i roto i te hītori o 'Ofotokisií ko te whakataki o te patriarchate i Russia. Ko te tupu me te mana o te hahi Russian i roto i te ao Karaitiana kua tino mārama tohua e te mutunga o te rau tau XVI. hanga oneone Ferrara-Florence uniana, i mutu i te hahi Byzantine XV rautau ki te Vatican, i muri i nei ka te Russian tāone takitahi whiriwhiri tona hierarch tuatahi. Ano, i roto i te 1453, ko te'o Constantinople i ti'aturiraa oti i runga i te sultans Turkish. I roto i tenei ko e taea e kore kia kite i te maitai rahi o te Atua: ka Russia te kāwanatanga Siu motuhake anake.

Ko te hītori o te whakataki o te patriarchate i Russia

Kei te tino tata hono te whakaaro rawa o te putanga o te Moscow Patriarchate ki te whakatūnga o te autocephaly o te Ekalesia Russian. I muri i te archdiocese Moscow riro te mana motuhake i te Kariki, ka mohiotia e te ao Siu katoa te uara tino o te ROC rite te kaha tino me maha.

A e kore e riro noa i te iteraa papû o te uara wairua o Russia, engari ano hoki i roto i te whakapakari i te whakapono ki te mau tamataraa i mua nei mau taime fifi o te aue. hahi Russian ka hanga i tetahi wairua kaha me te mana o te iwi, e ka tae mai ki te whawhai ki nga hoariri ke, me te fakaaoao Katorika.

matau tangata katoa e i roto i te wa poto ka whakaaturia te torona patereareha i roto i Moscow. I roto i tenei hononga i reira nga raruraru ki te'o Constantinople, e na hara e Russia e tika ana ki te whakawhiti ki te mana autocephalous me kihai i hiahia ki te whakaae i te reira.

Heoi, i waho te whakaae o nga tupuna ki o te patereareha Russian kauwhautia Eastern Metropolitan whaiaro e waiho he mea o Kāore me ture. I roto i te pane, i mariko te kingi reira māmā ki te legitimize mana, engari ko te whakatūnga o te patriarchate, kahore he whakatau pai tari primatial.

tūkunga Historical anake ara pānga kaha i runga i te whakahaere o te patriarchate i Russia i roto i te kingitanga o Fedor Ivanovich (tama Ioanna Groznogo). Fedor kingi (te nuinga katoa o te wa pau ia i roto i te inoi, e kore tona whakatipu Karaitiana i hiahia ki te haere mai ki ngā ki te mau pakeke o te ora tōrangapū, rite ki te hua, taimí tona ingoa i), a Boris Godunov (te teina o te wahine o te kingi Fedor Irina Godunov) kingi.

Boris Godunov

Ko Tino tangata hao Boris Godunov. I te wa ano i reira he Statesman nui, nana nei i hanga te hōtaka ki te ripeneta i te āhua Russian, e pai whakarei ake tona kaha, me te mana. Kia aroha mai, i tenei hinonga Godunov te turanga kaha wairua, a maha i mahi i ana whakahau i te tikanga o Kāore morare (me te mea katoa i whakatupato ia ki te kohuru o Tsarevich Dmitry, ahakoa kahore he taunakitanga tika). Ano, te iwi Russian nui rawakore i roto i te tikanga i te pae varua, me te morare i muri oprichnina, a reira ko matara i te mahere grandiose katoa o ona rangatira.

Otiia hiahia Godunov kia kite Russia rite he kaha nui, me te i taea ki te kawe i te mea o whakaaetanga o te patriarchate noa te mutunga.

timata

timata te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakangungu ki te haerenga ki Moscow i 1586, te Patereareha o Anatioka o Iehoiakimi. Tenei kaha tiaki "Godunov" diplomats. Otiia i mua i taua tae mai ia ki waho o Western Russia ka kite te aroraa o Katorika Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, e tata pakura, te ora o te Ekalesia o te Kyiv Metropolis (i runga i te mahana o te Uniana o Brest). Ko te rangatira nunui o Moscow, ka kite ia i te nui pono, me te kororia o te Tuatoru Roma. tutaki Patereareha Joachim ki nui te honore, me te faatura, ka haere mai ano ia mo mahi atawhai, rite tona tari i te nama o waru mano koura. ka mau Godunov painga o tenei momeniti ka anga ki te whakatinana i tana mahere - te whakataki o te patriarchate i Russia.

Moscow Metropolitan Rionaihia

Ki runga ki taenga o Iehoiakimi kihai i hoatu e mohiotia ratou Moscow Metropolitan Rionaihia. Te nuinga pea, ko ia i roto i cahoots ki te Godunov, a takaro te wheako. ka tono tangata Patereareha ki te whakaaro Cathedral o te Moscow Kremlin. He ia i mua i roto i tona kororia katoa i roto i nga kakahu whakapaipai puta i roto i te haamoriraa Metropolitan Rionaihia, nei ko te manaaki tuatahi o te Patereareha o Anatioka, engari ka mau ohorere ia hara. i whakaaturia mahi atawhai-imi e te pīhopa matua tino o te Ekalesia nui.

Here mai ki te tākaro Godunov, e haamata ki te whakahaere whiriwhiringa ngaro ki Joachim, te kaupapa matua o nei - te whakataki o te patriarchate i Russia. ko Rā o tenei hui nui kua rawa tata. kihai i rite hoki tenei aparauraa Joachim, engari i korero ki kōrero ki te mau patereareha Eastern. kua Moscow i tenei wā, kua makona.

whawhai

Ko te kupu whakamutunga mō te Constantinople (Istanbul). He whakawhanakehia nga ngā whakaari. Tetahi i muri i tetahi atu hurihia te tupuna, i pahuatia e te Turkey te mau hiero, tahaetia nga moni katoa. Moni Ukauka me te pukapuka o te kingi Moscow vahi ngaro.

Patereareha Konstantinopolskiy Ieremiya timata ki te whakahoki i te Patereareha hou, engari moni hoki reira i ia. A faaoti ia ki ngāue rite Joachim, a haere ana ano ki Moscow ki te ringa maro. Heoi, e kore ia i mohio e pā ana ki te mau a'oraa mua e pā ana ki te hanganga o te patriarchate Moscow. Na tīmata ki runga ano nga mea katoa: i takaro te tauira e taua, me te ki tona mua. Jeremiah i tata te tau i raro i te whare hopu i roto i te taiao whakapaipai i roto i te kohatu ma.

te pēteliake Hopa

I roto i te whānui, i nō mo te hahi Russian tenei hui. Ko te raruraru o te Patriarchate o Constantinople takaro he ara pai ki te whakataki o te Patriarchate i Russia.

I roto i Moscow, i tenei wa, me te i roto i Istanbul, i reira nga etahi huringa. whakataka Godunov Metropolitan Rionaihia i 1587 i roto i te hononga ki te whakatakotoria ana boyar, ka ui tutu te whakarere Tsar Fedor ki tana wahine Irinoy Godunovoy no o pākoko.

ka mau a Rionaihia wahi Rostov Archbishop Hopa, kia rite ki te hua o Hanuere 23 (February 2), 1589 , ka meinga e ia te tuatahi Patereareha o Russia katoa. Ahakoa i roto i to tatou wa, i roto i 1989, ka kia taimí tona ingoa.

I roto i te 1721 a Pita whakakahoretia ahau te patriarchate: ka kia whakahokia reira anake i roto i 1917 i te Kaunihera Local me te whiriwhiri pēteliake o St. Tikhon. Na ka waiho te reira uaua mo te wā Ekalesia Bolshevik Russian. I muri i te matenga o Tikhon kotahi te karakia kihai i kawea ki waho. Anake i roto i te 1943 ka taea, a ka meinga te Primate o te Siu Ekalesia Russian Herekiu (Starogorodskiy). ka Patereareha Kirill te tupuna 16 i roto i te rarangi Russia.

Ko te kupu, i tū te whakataki mōhiohio o te patriarchate i Russia (te tau 1589) i roto i te rau tau 16.