Ko te mahi pai o Bulgakov: he rārangi me te tirohanga poto

Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov, e te aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga i roto i te ora tuhituhi o te USSR nei pai mahi nohoia te tūranga taratahi. Ongo'i kainga ki te whakarerenga iho tuhi o te rau tau 19, ko ia talena rite manene, me te pāpori, me te whakatokia te Māoritanga o Communism i nga 1930, me te wairua o te tamataraa Five and Seven, āhuatanga o te tuhinga Russian o te 1920. Kaituhi koi Sapphire, e poka ki nga whakaritenga o te aukatinga, tuhituhi te huru kino ki te hanga o te hapori hou me te revolution i roto i te USSR.

Āhuatanga Weltanschauung o te kaituhi

kitea nga mahi a Bulgakov te outlook o pūkenga i roto i te mau taime o te tuuraki hītori o te tikanga totalitarian tonu mahi hoki ki nga uara morare, me te ahurea tuku iho. Tenei tūranga i utu he rota ki te kaituhi, kihai i ana tuhinga whakaaetia ki te tā. ka haere mai te wāhanga nui o te tupu o tenei kaituhi ki a tatou anake i roto i te tekau tau i muri i tona matenga.

whakahere matou a koutou i te rārangi e whai ake o nga mahi tino rongonui o Bulgakov:

- te pūrākau "Te White Guard", "E te Kaiwhakaako, me Margarita", "Notes o te mate;

- kōrero: "Diaboliad", "Ko te Hēki Fatal", "Heart o te Dog";

- te tākaro "Ivan Vasilievich".

Ko te pūrākau "Te White Guard" (tau o te hanganga - 1922-1924)

Ko te rārangi o "nga mahi pai o Bulgakov o" whakatuwhera "Te White Guard". I roto i tona pūrākau tuatahi whakaahua ana Bulgakov te ngā pā ana ki te mutunga o 1918, arā, te wā o te Pakanga Civil. Ko te mahi o te hua e wahi i roto i Kiev, atu ïa, i roto i te whare, te wahi i taua wa i ora ai te utuafare o te kaituhituhi. Momo roto hoa, whanaunga, me i mohio he Bulgakov tata pūāhua katoa. Ko te maniusikilipi o nga mahi kahore i mahue, engari i roto i te noa'tu o tenei, ki pā o te pūrākau, e whai ake nei o nga marohirohi o Momo te whakarau whakamatau te mooni me o nga ngā Mihailom Afanasevichem whakaarohia.

Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te pukapuka "Te White Guard" (Mikhail Bulgakov) whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1925 i roto i te moheni i huaina "Russian". Fully whakaputaina mahi i roto i France rua tau i muri mai. kihai i loto whakaaro fakaangá - e kore i taea e te taha Soviet farii i te glorification o hoariri piha kaituhi me te tangata heke - mateaki ki te mana.

I te tau 1923 i tuhituhi Bulgakov e hanga he hua taua e te "ka kia wera rangi ...". "Ko e White Guard" (Mikhail Bulgakov) i muri i mahi rite he puna mo te tākaro rongonui "ra o kapohau." Na tera ano hoki he maha o urutaunga.

Korero "Diaboliad" (1923)

Tonu ki te whakaahua i te tino rongonui mahi Bulgakov. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te pūrākau "Diaboliad". Ko te kōrero e pā ana ki te āhua o te mahanga i pakaru karaka, heheu kaituhi te kaupapa tonu o te "tangata iti", ko wai i he patunga o te mīhini uiui o te mana Soviet, i roto i te tokonga o Korotkov, Clerk, e pā ana ki te rewera, kaha haamou. Tonoa atu i mahi, taea ki te akakoromaki i te kaimahi rewera uiui te mutunga haere haurangi. I whakaputaina tuatahi te mahi i roto i te tau 1924 i roto i te anthology "Nadra".

Ko te kōrero "Ko te Fatal Hēki" (tau o te whakatūnga - 1924)

mahi a Bulgakov ngā te pūrākau me "te Fatal hēki". Mau mea e tupu i roto i te reira i roto i te tau 1928. Vladimir Ipatievich pītiti, ite te kaimātai kararehe anaana he āhuatanga ahurei: te wahi whero o te tūāwhiorangi marama he pānga whakaongaonga i runga i te embryos - timata ratou ki te tupu tere me te tae i te rahi, nui nui atu i to ratou "taketake." He he kotahi anake drawback - te tino te raraunga āhuatanga e ake te fakaaoao me kaha ki te proliferate.

Kotahi pāmu, haere e te tangata ki te Kamaka ingoa whakamutunga, whakatau ki te whakamahi i te tenenga Persikov ki whakahoki te maha o te heihei kararehe i muri i haere Russia i heihei whiu. e ia te kāmera-whāngai he ahorangi, engari na te pohehe hei utu o heihei ki te tiki ia ia tarakona, nakahi, me hua otereti. Reptiles paopao i a ratou, tonu tā - e neke ratou ki Moscow, heitia atu mea katoa i roto i tona ara.

Ko te wahi o tenei mahi taiawhiotia te "kai o nga atua" - he pūrākau e HG Wells, i tuhituhia e ia i roto i 1904. I roto i te reira, mea whakaaro kaipūtaiao he paura e ai tupu nui o ngā otaota me ngā kararehe. Ko te mutunga o ngā i roto i Ingarangi i reira he patia nui me te kiore, me muri i te heihei, i te momo o ngā tipu, me te he iwi o roroa.

Momo me urutaunga o te kōrero "Ko te hua Fatal"

E ai ki te philologist tairanga B. Sokolova, Persikov kia huaina Momo Aleksandra Gurvicha, te kaikoiora rongonui, ko Vladimir Lenin.

hāngai Sergey Lomkin nekehia runga i te kiriata 1995 o nga mahi ingoa taua, tae atu taua toa i reira me mahi o "Te Ariki, me Margarita" rite Voland (Mikhail Kozakov) me te ngeru Pehemoto (Madyanov Roma). Oleg Yankovsky tīrama takaro te tūranga o Ahorangi Persikov.

Pūrākau "Heart o te Dog" (1925)

Hoki te wā tuatahi i whakaputaina tenei kōrero i roto i Rānana me Frankfurt i 1968. I roto i te USSR e tohaina te reira i roto i samizdat, a anake i roto i 1987, i te tānga mōhiohio.

Ko te mahi, i tuhituhia ki Bulgakov Mihail ( "Heart o te Dog"), kua te wahi e whai ake nei. Events tango wahi i roto i te 1924. Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky, he taote tairanga tutuki ai hua maere i roto i te faaapîraa i me te hapu tetahi whakamātau ahurei - ki te hanga i te mahi ki te transplant te rapae o kuri tangata. whakamahia Bezdomny kuri umanga te rite te kararehe whakamātautau, me Clim Chugunkin tahae e mate i roto i te whawhai, he reira he kaituku okana.

I Ball āta tīmata ki te hinga huruhuru, totoro wahi, i reira te mea he kanohi tangata, me te reo. Ahorangi o Faahuru ka hohoro i, Heoi, nui tatarahapa e pā ana ki tino.

A, no te whakahaere i tētahi rapu i roto i te fare o Mikhail Bulgakov i 1926 i mau pu ai te tuhinga "Heart o te Dog" a hoki ana a reira i muri noa i te tono mo taua mea Gorky.

Momo me te urutaunga o "Heart o te Dog"

He maha kairangahau auahatanga Bulgakov ka mau te tirohanga i tuhituhi te kaituhi i roto i tenei pukapuka o Lenin (Faahuru), Stalin (pōro), Zinoviev (kaiāwhina ko Tina) me Trotsky (Bormental). Kei te whakapono te reira, ano, e tohu Bulgakov tāmitanga papatipu e tangohia e wahi i roto i te 1930.

Alberto Lattuada, kaiwhakahaere kiriata Italian, i 1976, ka mau te pukapuka o te taua ingoa te kiriata, i roto i nei te ahorangi Faahuru Max von Sydow nui. rongonui Motuhake, Heoi, kihai i whai i tenei urutaunga kiriata, i roto i te rerekē ki te pikitia rongonui o te kaiwhakahaere Vladimir Bortko, whakaputaina i roto i te 1988.

Ko te pūrākau "te Ariki ko Margarita" (1929-1940 tau)

Maumau, pūhohe, ngaro, wawata, kupu whakarite, romance, pūrākau ... I te tahi taime te mea te reira e te hua, e hanga Mikhail Bulgakov o "Ariki me Margarita", fakatahai enei momo katoa.

Hatana i roto i te ahua o Woland kingi i roto i to tatou ao ki tetahi anake mohiotia ki a ia whāinga, ka tu i te wa wa i roto i ngā kainga me nga pa ki. Kia, i roto i te puna marama tonu, kua kite i ia ia i roto i Moscow o nga 1930 - whakakahore tetahi wa me te wahi kahore tetahi whakapono i roto i kore te Atua e kore Hatana, te oraraa o Ihu Karaiti.

te hunga katoa e haere mai ana ki te whakapā ki a Woland, whai whiu pai-tika ana mō te rawe ki ki ia o enei hara: haurangi, utu, te apo, siokitá, teka, tau'a, ta'efaka'apa'apá, me ētahi atu

Waihanga i te pūrākau e pā ana ki Ponotia Pirato, Ko te Ariki i roto i te whakarurutanga haurangi, te wahi peia e ia te faaino teimaha i hoa kaituhi. Margaret, tona rangatira, anake moemoea e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te kitea te Ariki, me te hoki mai ai ki a ia. homai Azazello tumanako ia e ka haere mai pono tenei moe, engari kua tenei kotiro ki te whai tetahi mahi ki Woland.

mahi History

Ko te putanga taketake o te pūrākau i roto i te whakamārama tinana taipitopito o Woland, kua whakanohoia ki runga ki te rima ngā whārangi tuhi e kua hanga Mikhail Bulgakov. "E te Kaiwhakaako ko Margarita", na he tona hītori ake. Tuatahi, ko te Ariki huaina Ahataroto. I roto i te 1930 i roto i te niupepa Soviet me nūpepa muri i whakaritea Maxim Gorky te taitara o "te Kaiwhakaako".

E ai ki a Elena Sergeevna, te pouaru o te kaituhituhi, Bulgakov i mua i tona mate mea enei kupu e pā ana ki tona pūrākau "Te Ariki, me Margarita": "I roto i te tikanga ki te mohio ... ki mohio."

E kore te mahi i whakaputaina ra ano i muri i tona matenga. Te reira i te tuatahi ka haere ki te marama anake i roto i te 1966, arā, 26 nga tau i muri i te matenga o tona kaihanga, i roto i te putanga poroa, me pire. riro te pūrākau tonu rongonui i roto i te intelligentsia Soviet, ki te whānuitanga e te whakaputanga mōhiohio i roto i te 1973. Kape tāia mahi ā, me te kupu tohaina. whakahaere Elena ki te pupuri i te tuhinga mo enei tau katoa.

koa rongonui nui maha mahi e hāngai ana i runga i nga mahi i tukua Valeriem Belyakovichem ko Yuri Lyubimov, i kiriata hoki reira e Alexander Petrović ko Andzheya Vaydy me raupapa TV Vladimir Bortko me Yuriya Kary.

"Theatrical Novel" ranei "Notes o te tangata mate" (1936-1937 tau)

tuhituhi Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich mahi tae noa ki tona mate i te tau 1940. Ko te pukapuka "Theatrical Novel" noho oti. Te reira i runga i mo o Sergei Leontyevich Maksudova, he tetahi kaituhi, parau te aamu o te ao o te kaituhi, me te whare matakitaki ruma.

Whiringa 26, 1936 Kua timata te mahi i runga i te pukapuka. Bulgakov i te whārangi tuatahi o tona tuhinga i rua ingoa: "Theatrical Novel" me "Notes o te tupapaku." I rua tāraro ratou te whakamutunga.

E ai ki te nuinga o ngā kairangahau, te pūrākau - te tino wawau mea hanga Bulgakov. I hanga te reira i roto i te manawa ano, kahore huahua, tauira me whakatikatika. haamana'o wahine a te kaituhi e, ia ia tavini tina, e tatari ana mo te hoki tana tahu a i te po o te Bolshoi Theatre, noho ia ki raro, ki tona tēpu, ka tuhituhi he torutoru whārangi o tenei mahi, a ka, makona, komukumuku ona ringa i roto ki a ia.

Ko te tākaro "Ivan" (1936)

Ko te fakatupu tino rongonui ngā pūrākau me ngā kōrero e kore e anake, engari nui Bulgakov ano hoki. Ko tētahi o ratou, "Ivan", e patua ana ki to koutou aro. Whakaaro ia i muri. Nikolay Timofeev, he kaipūkaha mahi i roto i Moscow, i roto i tona fare i te mīhini wā. A, no te tae mai te kaiwhakahaere whare Bunsha ki a ia, tahuri ia te kī, me riro te taiepa i waenganui i whaitua. I kitea he tahae George Miloslavsky, e noho ana i roto i Shpak fare o tona hoa. oroko He mataaro pūkaha he tomokanga ki Moscow i nga ra o te rau tau 16. Ivan Grozny, wehi, te wiwi ki te hakari, a Miloslavsky Bunsha me whiwhi hoki i roto i te wā.

i timata tenei kōrero i roto i te 1933, ka whakaae Mr Mikhail ki te tuhituhi "tākaro ngahau" ki whare waiata. I te tīmatanga, ko te kuputuhi i huaina rerekē, "Bliss", ka haere te reira i roto i te hapori mīhini wa heke mai, a ka puta mai Ivan Grozny i roto i te kotahi anake wāhanga.

Tenei hanga, me te tahi atu mongamonga o Bulgakov (ka taea te tonu te rārangi), i roto i tona ra kihai i whakaputaina, a kihai i hoatu ake tae noa ki 1965. Leonid Gaidai i roto i 1973 e hāngai ana i runga i nga mahi hanga i tona kiriata rongonui i huaina "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes Tuhinga".

Ko tika fakatupu taketake i hanga Mikhail Bulgakov tenei. E kore e nga mahi o tenei kaituhi iti ki te runga ake. Haere tonu Ka taea te whakahohea te ako o te auaha Bulgakov me ētahi atu.