Ko te Patereareha tuatahi o Moscow me katoa Russia: putanga hītori o te taitara, me mana

I roto i te aamu o Ofotokisií XIV rautau ko te wāhi koki. I muri patua nga Turkey Constantinople i 1453, i te hinga o Byzantium ko Russia, kihai nei i i whai ona ake patereareha, ko te whenua Siu motuhake anake i roto i te ao. nga hahi Eastern katoa i raro i te mana o te mana Turkish. whai wāhi ana tēnei āhuatanga ki te meka i roto i 1589 i hoatu ki te mahi o te Patereareha tuatahi o Moscow ko Russia katoa, Hopa e mōhiotia ana hei rite i roto i te tahi atu Siu tupuna wha.

Childhood pononga John

Whakaingoatia te Patereareha tuatahi o Moscow ko Russia katoa, riro ia te bapetizoraa Tapu - Hoani. No nia i tona whanautanga tiaki mōhiohio i haere mai ia ki te ao i roto i te thirties o te rau tau XVI. E ai ki ngā pūrongo,, i whanau te Patereareha tuatahi o Moscow me Russia katoa i roto i te utuafare o te iwi noa, e no ki te piha haapiiraa Posad pera-ka karanga. Kua tiaki History anake te ingoa o te whaea, ka tangohia te reira i muri i te whakatamarikitanga o monasticism mo tatou - Pelagia.

I te tau wawe i hoatu te tamaiti ki a Hoani i roto i te takiwā ko te ohu whakapono, i reira ko ia ki tika matatini me te taketake o te whakapono. Tenei i taea e hei taunakitanga o te karakia o te mau metua e whiriwhiri i te tamaiti ki te faatupu i roto i to koutou tamaiti i te aroha o te whakapono metua, a etahi o ratou nui, mai i roto i aua tau i te hiahia maha hanga timata tamariki i te wawe tau ki te mahi. Heoi, mahi i roto i te ohu whakapono tapu oho i roto i te tangata taitama mana'o karakia hohonu, me te hiahia ki te riro i te moke. I mua eke te patereareha tuatahi heke mai o Moscow me Russia katoa i runga i tona ara i whiriwhiri, i ia ki te ite i te pakeke o ratou whakaaro.

parau iho a te Ekalesia tatou e feaa tona papa te kaha o tana tama ki te waha i te mau ati o te ora Monastic, me te hiahia ki te tahuri ia i ona mahere ki te kitea ia he wahine marena hou, a ka piko ki te marena. Kaua rawa e i mua kihai i pehi ratou mau metua, kihai i a Hoani maia ki te whakahe me te i roto i tenei wa, engari i te ra o te marena ui whakaaetanga ki te haere ki te ohu whakapono, me te tirotiro i te pūtau o tona kaitohutohu i te pae varua.

Piki i te ara o te monasticism

kihai ia i hoki atu ki tona whare. I muri e korero ana ki Archimandrite tamaiti Tiamana ngaro taua ia e kore tona wahi kei roto i te ao pukumahi, me i te taiepa o te ohu whakapono tapu. I te ra ano Nōna ia te rite o te tonsure me i homai te ingoa Hopa, e tangohia e i muri ia ratou tuutuu wehi tapu te mauiui o Hopa.

e kore te mea ohie hoki tetahi moke novopostrizhennogo te ora Monastic. maha rawa ngā hononga reira ki te mua, me te tataki whakaaro ki kua mahue ki ta ia i roto i te ao, ka meinga tona mahi tino nui i roto i te ora. Uaua ko reira ki te haere mai ki ngā ki te tikanga pakeke o te noho i roto i te ohu whakapono, engari tae noa uaua ki te faahepo ahau e kore ki te rongo ki tana i pai ai, engari ko nga whakahau anake o te kaiakopono, e kua riro te tiaki o te hanganga i te pae varua o te tauhou.

Future Patereareha tuatahi o Moscow ko Russia katoa, ko Hopa tetahi o te hunga kaimahi e mahi ki te haehaa rite whakatakotoria tetahi ki runga ki a ratou te haapa'oraa. I mua i te piki ki te tihi o nga mana Ekalesia, haere ana ia i roto i nga wāhanga katoa o mahi Monastic - i tauhou ohie ki te Abbot. Kei te mohiotia te reira i taua i roto i 1569, i roto i te haerenga ki te ohu o Ivanom Groznym, hanga e ia he ongo pai ki runga ki te kingi, me te i muri i te wa poto i roto i tona kupu ka Archimandrite.

Ngā wāhanga o te ara o te mahi hahi

I te mutunga o 1570 ka whakatutehu ia ki a Moscow, a ka te Rector o te Simonov Monastery. Pane hoki rima tau, tetahi o nga monasteries nui rawa i roto i te whenua, he kaha whai wāhi i roto i te karakia kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te ora tōrangapū o te whenua St. Hopa.

I roto i te wā e whai ake arahina ia e rave rahi nohonga, aru e tona faatoro'araa episekopo tuatahi o Kolomna, a ka Archbishop o Rostov te nui. Ko te taumata teitei o te mana o te wā ki runga ki St Hopa i roto i 1587, hoko i te Metropolitan o Moscow. Heoi, i roto i te mua o tatari ia mo te hou, taitara teitei - i te Patereareha tuatahi o Moscow me Russia katoa.

Ko te whakatūnga o te patriarchate i Russia

Ko te kaha ki te whai i to ratou ake pēteliake i roto i te whenua i tika ki ngā āhuatanga maha, tuatahi o nei ko ki te whakapiki ake i te tūnga o te Russian Siu roto ētahi atu whenua, ko i taua wa i raro i te ioka Turkish. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te kaha o mua o te Ekalesia Eastern - hinga i roto i te 1453 i raro i te pēhanga i te whakaeke - Byzantium.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e kore te Turkey i rāhuitia e te mahi o te hahi Karaitiana i roto i te whenua i whakahoki ratou, engari mahi ki ona māngai rawa, koirā, rite ki tana tino pārekareka ka whakawai hoki i tetahi taonga. Taua expropriations whakahaere ki auautanga mahi tohu, tango i te huru o te looting tūmatanui me ngā rōpū hahi te mutunga arahina e tu i roto i nga whenua e nohoia, ki te impoverishment oti.

Ngaro moni ki te hanga hahi whakangaromia me te ihirangi o te minita, i akina te pīhopa matua o te Ekalesia Byzantine i ki karanga ki te Russian Tsar Fodoru Ioannovichu mō te āwhina pūtea. ka mau ariki Russian painga o tenei faingamālie pai, mai, kia rite ki te Tūtohinga o te hahi, hoatu kua anake te patereareha hou taea mahi Primate, ka riro hoki te patereareha tuatahi o Moscow me katoa Russia kua hiahiatia te kingi o te iwi tika tona manaaki.

Ko te hui nui i roto i te ora o te hahi

ka haere mai te upoko o te hahi Byzantine ki te Tuaiho Onamata i 1588 me, kia rite ki to'utangata, i patua ia e te papai o te whare, me te kororia o te karakia tū i roto i te mau hiero o te whakapaipai. I tua atu, rite mohiotia i te taua puna ko, hanga ana e ia he faaiteraa ongo e ngaropoina ana o te karakia iwi Russian ite riro te reira pūmau.

Katoa ra, nga wahi katoa puta te patereareha, i karapotia ia e mātotoru mano o te iwi tono manaaki. E kore e mana'o noa ki te tau'a ore i te taua faaiteraa mahana o whakaaro fakalotu, i takoha ia ki te noho mō ngā haora i roto i te ara, e karapotia ana e te mowhiti o whakapono.

Tuatapapa mōhio e i roto i tona mahere taketake i ki riro anake āwhina pūtea i te kingi, me te kahore atu kihai i reira. Heoi, i mohio e fakafisi ki te ū ki te tono o te tangata mārō o te tukua Russian Ekalesia Patereareha, ka waiho ia kau-tukua, takoha Heremaia i ki whakaae, me te hua ko February 5, 1589 i te parahiraa patereareha hou i hanga kake te patereareha tuatahi o Moscow me Russia katoa. Ko te pōtitanga Ko hoki tenei misioni tiketike reira i Metropolitan Hopa i te wō o Tsar Fodora Ioannovicha, kanohi ia a ninii ia ki manakohia kingi.

Ko te mahi o te patereareha hou

Ko te tata pootitia te Patereareha tuatahi o Moscow ko katoa Russia, atu ki ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ora fakalotu, puta tonu ki te whakahou hahi ā-nei te mana. pānga auaha te hanganga e rua o atu ako tāone, me te whakapai ake i roto i te orometua. Kāinga Ko to koutou raruraru kite ia i roto i te whakapakari o te 'Ofotokisií me te mana i te pae varua o te kāwanatanga. kōrero te Ekalesia e mea e muri i te patereareha tuatahi o Moscow me Russia katoa ko te Metropolitan Hopa, kua te Russian Siu Ekalesia kua whakaarahia i mua ki te taumata roaahia'tu.

Ko te mahi o te tupuna i roto i te wā o te arepurepuraa

I roto i te 1598, ka maka te whenua ki te hepohepo, e mohiotia ana ko te Time o aue. Ko te tuatahi Patereareha o Moscow ko Russia katoa, i takoto ia ki hei te taitara o te matenga o te iwi, mau arahina te ātete ki ringihia ki rohe Russian hoariri Lithuanian me Polish. I tonoa e ia he pukapuka ki nga wahi katoa o te whenua, i roto i nei ka karanga ia ki te pei i nga tautangata.

A, no te whakatata ki mano tini Moscow, arahina e teka Dmitry, te Patereareha tuatahi o Moscow ko Russia katoa, ko Hopa i roto i te hunga kihai nei i pai ki te mohio ki te tangata tinihanga. E ai ki nga kairangahau, i roto i te tetahi wā Gregory Otrepyev i te hēkeretari i Hopa, na ia, rite tetahi atu, mahino mea tupu tinihanga. kanga nuitia ia Falsdmitry me ona muimuí katoa.

A, no te i roto i te Paenga-whāwhā 1605 i tukua te pa ki runga ki te taata haavare, te tapu, i pai Hopa ki oati ki a ia, a kua whakataka. I roto i August o te taua tau, i tonoa kaitautoko o patua ruma teka Dmitry patereareha, a o te pīhopa matua i muri i maha whiu, me te whakaitinga rite te moke ohie ki te ohu whakapono Staritsa, te wahi pau ia e rua nga tau i roto i te inoi tonu e pā ana ki o te fatherland te whakarau.

Whakamutunga o te ora o te tupuna

kihai i tukua hauora Poor ki a ia ara ano i roto i te kite primatial. mate ia i roto i te 1607, ka tanumia i roto i te ohu o te whakaaro, te kotahi te wahi kotahi tīmata ia mahi Monastic. I roto i te 1652 i kawea te pukahu mate ki te pane, me te whakanohoia i roto i te whakaaro Cathedral. Kua tenei ra, i roto i Oketopa 2012, te hierarch tuatahi, Patereareha o Moscow ko Russia katoa, whakakororia Hopa i roto i te hunga tapu. Ko he ngāue arorau, te faaite i te hua o tona mahi rite upoko o te hahi.

huringa ētita o te taitara patereareha

Me kï reira e kua pehia te taitara patereareha mō ngā rau tau he maha o ngā rerekētanga ētita, me te te whakamahia tenei ra ki taitara St. Hopa - te patereareha tuatahi o Moscow me Russia katoa - e kore e tika rawa. Ko te take i roto i te wā i mua i te kingitanga o Patereareha Nikon (ki runga, ki te 1652), tohua te whenua e i roto i te taitara rite "Rusia", a muri anake tangohia te puka o "Russian". I roto i ngā wā i mua-Petrine roto te taitara nga kupu "me te Nordic Patereareha katoa."

Ko te taitara, he hunga kakahu i te St Hopa, i roto i ngā tuhinga kōrero o mua i reira e te tahi atu ētita, i roto i nei whakarārangitia Moscow te rite te "pa emepaea", ka huaina Russia ko "he basileia rahi." Mohiotia, a ētahi atu rerekētanga, puta i roto i ngā tuhinga hainatia e te Primate o te Ekalesia Russian i roto i wā rerekē o mua. Me kï reira e kua meinga taua hapanga te nuinga i te kore o te taurite i roto i te rau tau mua i roto i te faaineineraa o te tuhinga e pā ana - e rua karakia, me te fakamāmaní.

Ko te mana o te patereareha

I raro i te tikanga o nāianei inaianei ROC, Patereareha mana ngā mahi te nuinga whakahaere, te whakarato i te whai wāhi ki te whakahaere i te Ekalesia. foaki te reira i runga taua mea i te ohipa o te karanga i nga Kaunihera Local me mau Episekopo ', me te te whakarite o te wā Hinota. Patereareha e whakaturia rangatira hahi matua katoa, tae atu i te upoko o ngā kura fakalotu o ngā taumata katoa. ngā atu o te mana patereareha noho te wahi motuhake i te hopoi'a ki te tohu i te Ekalesia ki te kāwanatanga me ngā rōpū o te ao.

Vice-Patereareha

Hei mahi i te mahi i whakaritea ki te Patereareha, e te mea e taea, kahore te wehenga whaitake o ngā kawenga i waenganui i ona ariki - vicars. Ia o ratou he kawenga mo te whakahaere o te ora te Ekalesia o te i roto i te whānuitanga mataeinaa kotahi o te pīhopatanga Moscow. Ko te minita tuatahi o te Patereareha o Moscow me katoa Russia, i te mea i roto i te tiaki o tona wahi pokapū, ano, ko te pēteliake tika, me te tuarua, a i roto i te hui o te mate, te mate i te whakatā ranei poto mahi ona mahi tae noa ki te pōtitanga o te mono.

Whakatö o te matauranga fakalotu

Mai Saint-Hopa, Patereareha tuatahi o Moscow ko katoa Russia, kake ki te primatial kite, te hītori o te Russian Patriarchate, i haukotia i roto i te kingitanga o Pita ahau, a anō i raro i Stalin, kua ono Primate o te Ekalesia Russian. Kua kitea mihi ki o ratou mahi nakawhiti Siu ora i roto i to tatou whenua i te puka, i tukua ki a reira hei te pūtake o te hononga wairua o whakatupuranga o mua.

E kore e kia kino ki te mōhio e, tae noa ki te hītori o Russia, tae atu i te hahi, whakahonore ona marohirohi, rite ngana nui ki te ūkui i te mahara o te uri o poka o te motherland. He tauira ko te kiki pēteliake Ignatius, oati i roto i 1605, ka riro te apiti Falsdmitry Polish whakaeke. Tona ingoa e murua ake i te rārangi o te mau patereareha, a murua i te mahara motu.

I roto i te wā o te whakatoi faka'ikai'i-o 'Ofotokisií mea katoa e āwangawanga te hītori whakaako me te hahi, i waho i te reira i te marautanga kura. Tenei meinga āputa nui i roto i te matauranga o enei pekanga tangata o Russia hou. Ahakoa he fehu'i faingofua: "He aha e te Patereareha tuatahi o Moscow me Russia katoa" hoatu tokomaha i roto i te mutunga mate. I tčnei wā, Heoi, he te nuinga o amuiraa kura Rātapu mō ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke, ka whakahaere hoki te mahi mātauranga whānui e hāngai ana fakatonutonu i te āhuatanga.