Ko te tikanga o te ture: te hītori o ngā whakaaro, me te mau parau tumu

Ko te ariā o "āhua o te ture" - he huinga o ngā whakaaro, ngā ariā, ariā me ngā whakapono i roto i nei, i runga i te ringa kotahi, ki te rā, kitea nga turanga tino rongonui o te constitutionalism.

I te tahi atu - te āhua ture ko te whakaaro tika, ko reira he pere, te aronga i roto i nei kī te aronga o te whanaketanga o te kaupapa o te mahi tōrangapū. Ko te aha, i roto i te ao i teie mahana i reira he kahore āhua ture ki runga ki to ratou warea, ahakoa te meka e tokomaha o te kai tuhia i roto i to ratou kaupapa ture. E kore e taea e koe te mea i teie nei, kua hanga e tenei whenua te ahua o te ture, me te rite taua ko te tūturu, engari tenei - e kore. whakaaro State o ture te ki kia kotahi e nuitia, ture, me te kawenga ta tona ara o te whanaketanga, i ngā te mau parau tumu o te tikanga o te ture, me te e tino whakatinana tenei tauākī i roto i o ratou mahi ia rā.

A i roto i tetahi me i te tahi atu te wā, te tikanga o te ture faaite te hiahia tonu o te tangata mo te haere noa, too atu o ngā momo katoa o te tutu, me te micromanagement, whakaaro te hiahia mō rangatiratanga takitahi me tika tangata.

hāngai te tikanga o te mau parau tumu ture e runga i te māramatanga me te whakaaetanga o te meka e ko te reira i te āhua e te ture whāiti i roto i to ratou mahi ki te whakapai kanohi ki te tangata. Kei te mohio te reira e te puna anake, me te hopea o te mana katoa i roto i te āhua ko te tangata, a na reira takoto te āhua ture hei tuku ki tana i pai ai.

pūtaiao Modern tōrangapū me te ture, me te mahi o ngā waea e whai ake nei te mau parau tumu o te tikanga o te ture:

- hanganga me te aroaro o te pai whakawhanakehia-puka o te hapori ā-;

- te kāwanatanga rohe ture i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi i roto i te faatura o te tangata;

- te āhukahuka o individualism wä hei Māoritanga wāhi o ia, te whakarato haere noa ki te fatongia whaiaro o te takitahi mo tona ake oranga;

- he taurangi o te taurite ture i roto i te hoahoa-ture o te tikanga o ngā tika tangata i runga i te mana o te State;

- āhukahuka o te tika ki te āhuatanga o te ma'á me ravnorasprostranennosti ki tangata katoa me te āhua ano;

- āhukahuka o te matua o te mana arii o te iwi i runga i te mana arii o te kāwanatanga ;

- he tino wehenga o mana o te kāwanatanga, i te tiaki i te tapatahi o te pūnaha tōrangapū me te kotahitanga o te mahi o nga mana mo te painga o te iwi ki te whānuitanga e whakaaetia e te Ture;

- āhukahuka o te parau tumu o te here o te haere noa anake, ki te takahi ana reira te haere noa o tetahi atu tangata.

Ko te hononga i waenganui i te takitahi me te mana whakaritea e te Ture.

Ture o te ture, kia rite ki te whakaaro tika, i hanga hoki te wa roa i runga i te pūtake o te ngā tuatahi o te iwi e pā ana ki te haere noa, te mana me te āhua i whakawhanakehia i roto i nga wa onamata. Mō te mana o te ture kotahi me te mutu, ka mea ia i roto i te 6. BC Kariki kingi-reforomatio Solon. I runga i te mau parau tumu o te örite me te taunekeneke o ngā tika tangata me te ture kāwanatanga whakahuatia i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai, Aristotle ko Cicero. Conceptually, rite te whakaako oti, āhuatanga me te mau parau tumu o te tikanga o te ture i roto i te faufaa whakatakoto i roto i te 18 - senituli 19 i roto i te mahi o nga pūkenga wawe o te liberalism. I te pae hopea, i roto i tona tikanga, kua whakapumautia whakamāramatanga o "āhua o te ture" iho i roto i te mahi o te ture i roto i Germany - Karl Welker ko R. von Mohl i te waenganui o te rau tau 19.

Ko te tikanga o te ture kei roto i te whanaketanga tamau, ano na whakatika i te "mana ā-ture" o te kāwanatanga, ko te ngā taea hoki opredelnie me riro i raro i te whakapai tonu o te Pūnaha tōrangapū me Legal Works.