Ko te wā tauwhirowhiro o te kāwanatanga: rapanga, Politics, Society

Emil Dyurkgeym tautuhi te ariā o "ihe" rite te kore oti o te kaha i roto i te āhua ngā. Neke atu i te wa, kua timata etahi kairangahau ki te taurite te ihe ki te whakawhitinga kāwanatanga. Tenei, o te akoranga, i reira he etahi pono, engari e kore te e katoa, ki te mea hapori anga i roto i tenei wā.

Te tāutu i te raruraru

I raro i te kāwanatanga i tangohia ki te tikanga o te whakahaere tūmatanui, faaterehia e te te poari motuhake o tikanga, whakatau i roto i te wāhi ngā. Heoi, ano i reira he kore whakamāramatanga tika kotahi e pai kia manakohia i roto i te hapori pūtaiao, me te ture o te ao. Mai kore e te UN i te tika ki te whakaingoa i te otinga rite ki te mea i te āhua, ko te, te anake tuhia whakapuaki etahi ko e i whakamahia ai i roto i te Kawenata Montevideo (1933).

He aha te mea te āhua?

Ki te whakaaro ki te whakamāramatanga hou o te wā "kāwanatanga", e taea te whakarārangitia e whai ake:

• State - Ko te whakahaere tōrangapū motuhake, e hua ana ki te mana e faaite te ngākau nuitanga o te iwi (irava Lazarev).
• I raro i te āhua e taea te mohio ki rite te whakahaere tōrangapū e tiaki, me te whakahaere i te hanganga tūmatanui ōhanga me te pāpori (SI Ozhegov).

Ko, mea katoa te whakamāramatanga, he āhuatanga pūmau, e maha te huri i roto i te wā whakawhitinga te āhua.

kāwanatanga āhuatanga

E mea pinepine e farerei e koe te whakama i roto i ngā o te "whenua" me "kāwanatanga" e maha whakawhitiwhiti te whakamahinga. I roto i te takiwa, i te rerekētanga nui ratou: whakamahia te kupu "whenua" kua ina tae mai te reira ki āhuatanga ahurea matawhenua ranei o te kāwanatanga ngā, i takoto te tūturu "kāwanatanga" e te hanganga tōrangapū matatini ki te āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana:

• Wātea o ngā tuhinga e whakaaturia nga whāinga pai me ngā mahi o te kāwanatanga (ture, te kaupapa ture, te parau haapiiraa, me ētahi atu).
• whakahaere kamupene Present. Ka taea te pēnei ēnei mana me ngā pūtahi pāpori.
• Ko te āhua he ona ake rawa (ie. E. Rauemi).
• He ona rohe ake, ki te taupori o te tau etahi o te iwi.
• Ia kāwanatanga he ona ake whakapaipai me ngā rōpū kaimahi (te pirihimana, he taua maia, te poari whakahaere i runga i te whenua).
• Ko te wātea o ngā tohu kāwanatanga me te reo.
• Mana arii (arā, me mohio te State i ētahi atu ki te mahi i roto i te ao o te ao.)

Tata i te wā whakawhiti

whakaaro te State te ki he pūnaha integrated me pūmau, tona whāinga matua - ki te tiaki i nga ngākau nuitanga o tangata. kawea ana tēnei tukanga i roto i te whakatamarikitanga o ture me aukati, ka rite ki ai te mahi o te tumu parau. E tano ia tapao e te tikanga whakaae katoa tautoko te tikanga o te ture, iho, me te tapatahi o te hapori, ka whai wāhi te taupori i roto i ngā mahi tūmatanui i roto i runga i whakaaetanga ao. Mämä noa iho, te whakahaere tōrangapū me whakarite oraraa tahi, me te ki tonu o te mau melo atoa o te hapori.

Otiia e kore e tonu te mea nui tenei, i reira he mōmeniti ka kore e taea ki te whakatau i nga hiahia katoa o tangata te taputapu āhua o nāianei. Na ka haere mai ki te mana, e haamata te reira i te kaha tōrangapū hou, e wawahi te pāpori hanganga tawhito, me te hanga tikanga hou o te kāwanatanga me te whanaketanga mana ara. Ko te āhua whakawhiti tenei.

whakamāramatanga

I raro i te wā tauwhirowhiro whakapae pūnaha kāwanatanga-ture e te hunga i roto i te āhua o te huringa, te huri i te pūnaha o te kāwanatanga, me te ture. Hei tauira, kua mohiotia ai te hītori o te maha ngā take i reira ke puka slaveholding o te kāwanatanga ki te feudal. I roto i te wahi o te mana feudal haere mai te moni, me te whakakapi i te reira - hapori.

Kua tonu kua he uaua, me te tautohetia i tenei tukanga. Taui te reira i te mana kore anake, engari nga āhuatanga me ngā ture o te piha haapiiraa. He tauira a Tūrongo, ko te kāwanatanga tauwhirowhiro Soviet i roto i 1991. I roto i te torutoru noa ra te 15 lepupilika Soviet, riro motuhake tonu, i ki te hanga i tona ake taputapu āhua e tino makona nga hiahia o te taupori me te ki te whakatau paerewa o te ao.

Rawa i roto i te āhua whakawhiti

I roto i te wā whakawhiti ngā te tïhaehae whānui o ngā āhuatanga kāwanatanga katoa. Milestones:

1. whakatika te reira i te rerekētanga pāpori (coups, takaí, pakanga, i taka whakahounga).
2. kōrero reira e rave rahi tauari o te whanaketanga o te kāwanatanga, hoatu te whiriwhiri pule ki te whiriwhiri e ara e tonu ki te whakawhanake rite ki huringa hītori, ahurea, iwi, karakia me ngā āhuatanga ōhanga.
3. E ngohengohe ana ki whanaunga waho huringa tere, whakawarea te pūnaha ture me te turanga ōhanga o te kāwanatanga. Fakatatau ki ai, ano riro te paerewa o te ora o raro.
4. Whakawarea turanga pāpori, me te tōrangapū. I roto i te piki hapori me te taumata ngaohiko o te papû ore rite ki te hua, he mea ka taea ki te mau i te āhua o te ihe wāhanga.
5. I roto i te tōrangapū, te nuinga te wā whakawhitinga e te whakahaere me mana whakahaere.

Kia pehea te roa o ko te huringa i roto i te taputapu tōrangapū?

I roto i te whakawhitinga kāwanatanga te mono i paerewa systemically katoa, a, ka rite ki whakaaturanga mahi, e tenei tukanga etahi wa. E kore e taea e koe te haere mai ki te huringa inamata o te pūnaha. Ko te raruraru ko i te matatini o te huringa o te kāwanatanga e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te mōhio me te whakaaetanga o te huringa i tangata.

Ki te iwi te mutunga kia whakamahia ki tetahi tikanga, te hanganga o ngā ture hou o ngā pūtahi pāpori e wā. kia tupu te reira e kore te pūtahi hou tango pakiaka i roto i te pūnaha whakahoutia, me te koroheke maitai pai ki reira. I roto i tenei wā, he kawenga motuhake ko te pūnaha ture o te ture o te taputapu kāwanatanga, kia e whakarato hiahia te kaupapa here hou ki te huri i roto i te kawe ia. A, ki te kahore te kāwanatanga e tae mai ki te kāhua hou o te kāwanatanga i roto i te wā poto ngā o te wā, ka taea e anake te tikanga i te reira e te huringa whakapataritari e tuakiri (tāwhaiwhai) āhuatanga.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te wā o te wā whakawhiti, i roto i te whānui, mutu reira i muri i te 5 tau. I roto i tenei wa, ki te wa hanga me te haere mai ki te pānga i te taputapu āhua hou. Tangohia, hei tauira, Crimea. Ko te hanganga o Russia tomo ia i roto i 2014, a titau pūtaiao tōrangapū ārahi te whenua o e mutu te wā whakawhitinga i roto i 2019.

raruraru

Ko te raruraru matua o te wā whakawhitinga i roto i te whenua ngā te āhuatanga ōhanga iu me te uaua i roto i mahara ki nga ture hou, e tino pōturi iho te tukanga o te hurihanga. taea ki te tautuhi i te raruraru matua e whai ake:

1. huringa tuutuu wero. Mämä noa iho, he uaua takitahi me hinonga ture ki te urutau ki tikanga mākete hou.
2. Papû ore me underdevelopment o hanganga mākete.
3. Ko te raruraru o te kāwanatanga utu.
4. Fifi ki te stabilization o te macroeconomy.
5. Ko te raruraru o te mentality.
6. Raruraru o te whakatau tūranga hou i roto i te ao te ao.

Ko te āhua o te hapori

Ki te katoa o tenei i roto i te mōrea tūturu noho hapori i roto i te whakawhitinga. I tenei wā, kaha whakauru whakahounga hou, engari te tikanga ratou iti ki te tangata noa, noa'tu te mea e pai huringa. Ko te whenua tere tīmata ki te hinga mahi, rerekē haere, a ko te kupu whakaiti te paerewa o te ora, ka te ahurea tuku iho i roto i te hōkai o ngā huānga kōwhiringa.

Te reira i kore kotahi whakahuatia i roto i te pukapuka, e ara i roto i te āhua o te marino whanaunga, te āhua i te mimiha o e rua fifi: te whakahounga hou rawa ranei pehi i te tīmatanga auaha, me te motuhake o te tangata, ka whai iwi atu haere noa, me te whakamahi i te reira ranei, tino whakapōrearea i te taputapu tōrangapū. I roto i te wā whakawhiti, e tino nui haere enei tūponotanga, ka rite ki centralization rahi o te kāwanatanga ope taketake o te nationalism, extremism, ka timata ki te whakawhanake i te tukanga o te mimiti. He noa taua raruraru ki nga whenua katoa, i roto i ngā, he tūturu i roto i te wā whakawhiti i roto i Russia ratou.

Na reira, ko te āhua i roto i ngā utu whakawhiti o ngā mahi uaua, e kia hipokina wāhanga katoa o tona ora, te whakarato kore anake te whakataki o whakahounga hou, engari ano hoki ki te tiaki i nga ngākau nuitanga o tangata. Mau tonu te pūmautanga, ki te tiaki i te motuhake o te waho, ki te whakarite tikanga ai whaiaro-me motuhake o ona tangata - ko te ngā matua i runga i nei arotahi te kāwanatanga o whakawhitinga enei. A, ki te ki te ngaro i te iti rawa etahi wahi, he reira pea e te ihe whenua whakahuatia e Durkheim.